scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Fundamental frequency

About: Fundamental frequency is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8941 publications have been published within this topic receiving 131583 citations.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the magnitude of sampling errors associated with estimates of the mean, median, and standard deviation of voice fundamental frequencies (fo) during oral readin' was investigated.
Abstract: Two experiments are reported in which the magnitude of sampling errors associated with estimates of the mean, median, and standard deviation of voice fundamental frequencies (fo) during oral readin...

88 citations

Patent
02 Sep 1987
TL;DR: In this article, a speech analyzer and synthesizer system using a sinusoidal encoding and decoding techniques for voiced frames and noise excitation or multiple pulse excitation for unvoiced frames.
Abstract: A speech analyzer and synthesizer system using a sinusoidal encoding and decoding techniques for voiced frames and noise excitation or multiple pulse excitation for unvoiced frames. For voiced frames, the analyser (100) transmits the pitch, values for each harmonic frequency by defining the offset from integer multiples of the fundamental frequency, total frame energy, and linear predictive coding, LPC, coefficients (FIG. 1). The synthesizer (200) is responsive to that information to determine the phase of the fundamental frequency and each harmonic based on the transmitted pitch and harmonic offset information and to determine the amplitudes of the harmonics utilizing the total frame energy and LPC coefficients (FIG. 2). Once the phase and amplitudes have been determined for the fundamental and harmonic frequencies, the sinusoidal analysis is performed for voiced frames. For each frame, the determined frequencies and amplitudes are defined at the center of the frame, and a linear interpolation is used both to determine continuous frequency and amplitude signals of the fundamental and the harmonics throughout the entire frame by the synthesizer. In addition, the analyzer initially adjusts the pitch so that the harmonics are evenly distributed around integer multiples of this pitch.

88 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A linear prediction based method is proposed for real harmonic sinusoidal frequency estimation that approaches Crame/spl acute/r-Rao lower bound for sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratios and/or data lengths.
Abstract: A linear prediction based method is proposed for real harmonic sinusoidal frequency estimation. The estimator basically involves two steps. An initial fundamental frequency estimate is first obtained by solving a standard least-squares equation with exploitation of the harmonic structure of the sinusoidal signal or by using the MUSIC approach. Based on the initial estimate, an optimally weighted least squares cost function is then constructed from which the final estimate is acquired. Computer simulations show that the performance of the estimator approaches Crame/spl acute/r-Rao lower bound for sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratios and/or data lengths.

88 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A nonlinear discrete-time model that simulates a vibrating string exhibiting tension modulation nonlinearity is developed and a method of reducing the computational load of the string elongation approximation is described, and a technique of obtaining the tension modulation parameter from recorded plucked string instrument tones is presented.
Abstract: A nonlinear discrete-time model that simulates a vibrating string exhibiting tension modulation nonlinearity is developed. The tension modulation phenomenon is caused by string elongation during transversal vibration. Fundamental frequency variation and coupling of harmonic modes are among the perceptually most important effects of this nonlinearity. The proposed model extends the linear bidirectional digital waveguide model of a string. It is also formulated as a computationally more efficient single-delay-loop structure. A method of reducing the computational load of the string elongation approximation is described, and a technique of obtaining the tension modulation parameter from recorded plucked string instrument tones is presented. The performance of the model is demonstrated with analysis/synthesis experiments and with examples of synthetic tones.

87 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify two-dimensional stable and unstable bright solitary waves or localized structures in a planar resonator with a quadratically nonlinear medium driven by a field at the fundamental frequency only.
Abstract: We identify two-dimensional stable and unstable bright solitary waves or localized structures in a planar resonator with a quadratically nonlinear medium driven by a field at the fundamental frequency only. These waves are extremely localized while the nonlocal interaction between the fundamental and second harmonics prevents a collapse. To a certain extent they can be regarded as residuals of coexisting hexagon patterns.

87 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Noise
110.4K papers, 1.3M citations
82% related
Vibration
80K papers, 849.3K citations
79% related
Signal processing
73.4K papers, 983.5K citations
76% related
Filter (signal processing)
81.4K papers, 1M citations
74% related
Wave propagation
55K papers, 1.1M citations
74% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202344
2022101
2021236
2020335
2019421
2018375