Topic
GABAergic
About: GABAergic is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9595 publications have been published within this topic receiving 473568 citations.
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TL;DR: Using viral tracing combined with electrophysiology, it is found that GABA and serotonin neurons in the DR receive excitatory, inhibitory, and peptidergic inputs from the same specific brain regions.
273 citations
TL;DR: Although the BZs did not alter the spontaneous firing rate of the DR, both the systemic and iontophoretic administration of these drugs were found to potentiate the inhibitory response produced by GABA, suggesting that this potentiation is mediated postsynaptically.
272 citations
TL;DR: ACh released by the animal placed in a novel environment seems to have two components, one related to motor activity and onerelated to attention, anxiety and fear, which disappears in the familiar environment, where ACh release is directly related toMotor activity.
272 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that GAD67 mRNA level was reduced by 40% in the autistic group, suggesting that reduced Purkinje cell GABA input to the cerebellar nuclei potentially disrupts Cerebellar output to higher association cortices affecting motor and/or cognitive function.
Abstract: The recent identification of decreased protein levels of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 65 and 67 isoforms in the autistic cerebellar tissue raises the possibility that abnormal regulation of GABA production in individual neurons may contribute to the clinical features of autism. Reductions in Purkinje cell number have been widely reported in autism. It is not known whether the GAD changes also occur in Purkinje cells at the level of transcription. Using a novel approach, the present study quantified GAD67 mRNA, the most abundant isoform in Purkinje cells, using in situ hybridization in adult autistic and control cases. The results indicate that GAD67 mRNA level was reduced by 40% in the autistic group (P < 0.0001; two-tailed t test), suggesting that reduced Purkinje cell GABA input to the cerebellar nuclei potentially disrupts cerebellar output to higher association cortices affecting motor and/or cognitive function. These findings may also contribute to the understanding of previous reports of alterations in the GABAergic system in limbic and cerebro-cortical areas contributing to a more widespread pathophysiology in autistic brains.
271 citations
TL;DR: Through distinct glutamatergic, GABAergic and cholinergic projections, the basal forebrain projection to the prefrontal cortex in the rat can influence cortical activity in a diverse manner.
Abstract: The present study was undertaken to characterize the pre- and postsynaptic constituents of the basal forebrain (BF) projection to the prefrontal cortex in the rat, and determine whether it includes glutamatergic in addition to established gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and cholinergic elements. BF fibres were labelled by anterograde transport using biotin dextran amine (BDA) and dual-stained for the vesicular transporter proteins (VTPs) for glutamate (VGluT), GABA (VGAT) or acetylcholine (VAChT). Viewed by fluorescence microscopy and estimated by stereology, proportions of BDA-labelled varicosities were found to be stained for VGluT2 (and not VGluT1 or 3), VGAT or VAChT (representing, respectively, approximately 15%, approximately 52% and approximately 19% within the infralimbic cortex). Each type was present in all, though commonly most densely in deep, cortical layers. Material was triple-stained for postsynaptic proteins to examine whether BDA+VTP+ varicosities might form excitatory or inhibitory synapses, respectively, labelled by postsynaptic density-95 kDA (PSD-95) or gephyrin (Geph). Viewed by confocal microscopy, a majority of BDA+/VGluT2+ varicosities were found to be apposed to PSD-95+ elements, and a majority of BDA+/VGAT+ varicosities to be apposed to Geph+ elements. Other series were triple-stained for cell marker proteins to assess whether the varicosities contacted interneurons or pyramidal cells. Viewed by confocal microscopy, BDA-labelled VGluT2+, VGAT+ and VAChT+ BF terminals were all found in contact with calbindin+ interneurons, whereas VGAT+ BF terminals were also seen in contact with parvalbumin+ interneurons and non-phosphorylated neurofilament+ pyramidal cells. Through distinct glutamatergic, GABAergic and cholinergic projections, the BF can thus influence cortical activity in a diverse manner.
271 citations