Galectin

About: Galectin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2076 publications have been published within this topic receiving 103409 citations. The topic is also known as: IPR001079 & Galectin.

Simulating cellular galectin networks by mixing galectins in vitro reveals synergistic activity.

Abstract: Background Even though members of the family of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins are increasingly detected to be co-expressed, they are still being routinely tested separately. The recent discovery of heterodimer formation among galectins-1, -3, and -7 in mixtures prompts further study of their functional activities in mixtures. Methods Cell agglutination, galectin binding to cells, as well as effects on cell proliferation, onset of apoptosis and migration were determined in assays using various cell types and mixtures of galectins-1, -3, and -7. Results Evidence for a more than additive increases of experimental parameters was consistently obtained. Conclusion Testing galectins in mixtures simulates the situation of co-expression in situ and reveals unsuspected over-additive activities. This new insight is relevant for analyzing galectin functionality in (patho)physiological conditions.

Abstract A83: Lentiviral shRNA-mediated knockdown of eosinophilic Galectin-10/Charcot-Leyden crystals: A novel approach to cancer immunotherapy

Abstract: Introduction: Despite the discovery of promising anti-cancer immunotherapeutic strategies such as cancer vaccines, cytokines, and T cell-based therapies, curative outcomes remain elusive. We have investigated the eosinophil as a potential anti-cancer effector cell, and have previously reported the ability of the eosinophils and their isolated granular proteins to inhibit prostate and breast cancer cell growth in vitro. In certain tumors, tumor-associated eosinophilia is marked by the deposition of a prominent eosinophil protein, galectin-10/Charcot-Leyden crystals. We have speculated that galectin-10, like other lectin counterparts, is a key player in the anti-cancer immune response. In a large number of studies, a galectin-cancer relationship has been established, and significant roles as tumor promoters or inhibitors have been delineated. Some tumors have also been shown to employ galectins in their tumor-immune evasion mechanisms. Additionally, siRNA-mediated knockdown studies have demonstrated galectin-10 expression in regulatory T cells (Treg)—cells that have been shown to be major players in regulating anti-cancer immune responses—and its mechanistic necessity in maintaining Treg anergy and suppressive function on CD4+ T lymphocytic proliferation. Despite having been documented at numerous tumor sites, the prognostic significance of galectin-10 in tumor resolution requires further investigation. The protein9s role in Treg suppression of T lymphocytes, and the involvement of other galectins in the tumor immune response, however, has lent credence to its clinical significance at tumor mileu and, the likelihood that galectin-10, by modulating eosinophil-mediated effects on T-lymphocytes, might impact immunological defense against cancers. In the present study, we have elected to create a galectin-10 knockdown eosinophil sub-line by transfecting GRC.014.24 (an eosinophil cell line established in our laboratory), with shRNA lentiviral transduction particles and, thereafter, conduct further studies to examine eosinophilic galectin-109s potential to increase T- cell homing to tumors. Experimental Procedure: Briefly, GRC.014.24 (2 x 104 cells/ml) were transfected with galectin-10-specific lentiviral transduction vectors. Puromycin was used to select stable transductants; PCR and immunofluoresence methods, to determine transduction efficiency. Results: We show that a galectin-10-specific shRNA lentiviral particle effected 100% gene silencing; this eosinophil clone lacked both granular and cytoplasmic protein expression. Conclusion: The creation of galectin-10 knockdown eosinophils provides a useful model for investigating eosinophilic galectin-109s ability to modulate T cell access and homing to tumors, and a putative role, similar to Treg galectin-10, in regulating tumoral T lymphocytic proliferation can certainly be envisioned. The consideration of galectin-10 knockdown eosinophils as a singular approach to cancer immunotherapy, or in combination with other anti-cancer therapies such as adoptive T cell therapies, or therapeutic cancer vaccines, is intriguing. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Christine A. Clarke, Clarence M. Lee, Ibrahim Laniyan, Paulette Furbert-Harris. Lentiviral shRNA-mediated knockdown of eosinophilic Galectin-10/Charcot-Leyden crystals: A novel approach to cancer immunotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A83.

Cowpea polyphenol extract regulates galectin gene expression in bovine blood.

Abstract: Galectins (GAL) are animal lectins that play important roles in the immune response through regulation of homeostasis and immune function. Bioactive polyphenols are able to bind and regulate galect...

Galectin 9-binding protein factor

Abstract: Galectin 9 shows various functions depending on its localization. On the other hand, it is considered that galectin 9 participates in various biological functions. Thus, it has been required to clarify the detailed biological activities of galectin 9 and develop galectin 9-related techniques including drug development. To clarify these activities, it is required to separate and identify a galectin 9-binding protein. As a candidate for a biological protein capable of binding to human galectin 9, use can be made of a specific protein, i.e., one selected from the group consisting of (1) HSP70, (2) ATP1B3 and (3) HSP90. By analyzing the interaction and/or binding of the candidate protein with galectin 9, it is possible to develop an antitumor agent, an antiallergic agent, an immunosuppressant, a drug for autoimmune diseases, an antiinflammatory agent and an active ingredient agent usable as a substitute for adrenocorticosteroid hormone.

Galectin-8 Modulates Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Genes in Bovine Neutrophils

Abstract: Galectins (Gals) are a family of animal lectins that bind β-galactosides through a carbohydrate recognition domain. Galectin-8 is a tandem-repeat galectin, secreted intracellularly and extracellularly. It is associated with neutrophil migration and has been studied as a possible therapeutic to combat inflammation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the translational and the transcriptional effects of recombinant Galectin-8 (rGal-8) on cow neutrophils. Blood was collected aseptically from Holstein-Friesian cows (n=10) from the North Carolina AT 14 up-regulated, 5 down-regulated, 61 genes remained unchanged. Treatment with rGal8 induced the expression of IRF7. The top five up-regulated genes include FAS, CD40, CD86, IFNGR1, STAT1; down-regulated genes were TLR9, CD14, CCR6, TICAM1, and TLR1. Selected genes were probed to validate fold change; the levels of gene expression were comparable to data from RT2 array. Exposure of bovine neutrophils to rGal-8 modified expression of immune response genes. The functional significance of the change needs further studies.