Showing papers on "Gas compressor published in 1970"

Intra-Stator Transport of Rotor Wakes and Its Effect on Compressor Performance

Abstract: Rotor wakes intrastator transport effects on high Mach number axial flow compressors performance, considering stagnation temperature profile and rotor blade loss factor

Fan engine with counter rotating geared core booster

Abstract: The disclosure describes a turbofan engine having high and low pressure compressors wherein the low pressure compressor, or booster, comprises two counter rotating elements, a rotating duct which carries fan blades on its exterior surface and compressor blades on its interior surface and a conventional compressor rotor which rotates in a direction counter to the direction of rotation of the rotating duct. Alternative gearing schemes for coupling the rotation of the fan to the rotation of the low pressure compressor are shown.

Aerating fuel nozzle

Abstract: An aerating fuel nozzle for a gas turbine engine combustion chamber. The nozzle has an annular fuel swirl chamber from which the fuel issues in a spray cone, blending with inner and outer layers of swirling air. Air from the engine compressor is mixed with the fuel to obtain a high degree of air-fuel blending close to the nozzle, thus promoting cleaner and more complete combustion.

Apparatus and process for liquefaction of natural gases

Abstract: A process and apparatus for liquefaction of natural gas wherein the gas is cooled and liquified under pressure in a heat exchanger-liquifier. The pressurized cold liquid from the heat exchanger-liquifier is isenthalpically expanded to reduce the pressure and further cool the liquid while at the same time flashing a minor gas fraction. Refrigeration for the liquefaction of the natural gas is supplied by a circulating refrigerant stream which is compressed and work-expanded to obtain the necessary cooling. The minor flash gas portion of the liquefaction step is comingled with the circulating refrigerant stream so that the analysis of the refrigerant stream is always rich in the lighter portions of the liquefaction stream. This analysis difference aids in maintaining refrigeration temperature differentials to drive the liquefaction step. The work-expanded refrigerant portion undergoes a compression cycle and is workexpanded in an expansion turbine. The expansion turbine furnishes at least part of the power necessary to drive the compressor system in the refrigerant gas cycle.

Fractionation by adsorption

Abstract: Duel adsorption tower fractionation of a compressed gaseous mixture; in particular dehydration of air, wherein one tower effects adsorption while the other tower is regenerated by a minor portion of the unabsorbed gas while the major portion is passed to a storage tank. The compressor is activated and deactivated in response to predetermined minimum and maximum pressures, respectively, in the storage tank, and the flow path is changed in response to deactivation of the compressor, whereby upon reactivation of the compressor, the functions effected in the towers are reversed. In a preferred embodiment, the flow path is controlled by a pilot operated valve which is pneumatically operated to change the flow paths.

Gas turbine engines with compressor rotor cooling

Abstract: The disclosure shows a system for cooling the rotor of an axial flow compressor incorporated in a gas turbine engine. Air is ducted from the first compressor stage discharge into the interior of the rotor. This cooling air flows to the downstream end of the rotor and is then ducted back into the compressor inlet.

Compressor output control apparatus

Abstract: A control apparatus for selectively varying the output of a reciprocating compressor by holding open its suction valves for variable periods during the piston cycle. The apparatus includes a signal generating means for applying successive signals to a transducer which holds open the suction valves for a period proportional to the interval between signals. The signal generator has a rotating bar driven in timed proportion to crankshaft speed and first and second signal generating pickups positioned adjacent the path of the rotating bar so that passage thereby generates an output signal. The angular position of the second signal pickup is selectively varied to vary the time interval between signals and thus the time within the piston cycle that the compressor is unloaded. The angular position can be manually varied or automatically varied in response to changes in compressor output through a fluid pressure responsive actuator.

Control system for metering the fuel flow in gas turbine engines

Abstract: Control system for metering fuel flow as a function of the parameters of a gas turbine engine comprising, at least, a compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine, said control system featuring a two-position solenoid valve as a control element for the fuel metering mechanism which meters the minimum fuel flow in its closed position and the maximum fuel flow in its opened position, with intermediate values between minimum and maximum fuel flow being adjustable by a pulse time modulation signal of an electrical controller connected to said solenoid valve operating as a function of the parameters of a gas turbine engine.

Compound power plant

Abstract: A power plant for driving a load comprises an internal combustion engine, an exhaust turbine, primary and secondary compressors, and first and second planetary differentials each having an input and two outputs. The first differential has its input driven by the engine output, its first output connected to the load, and its second output driving the secondary compressor. The turbine drives the primary compressor and the second differential, which has its first output connected to the first differential input and its second output connected to the load. The compressor discharges flow in series or in parallel through a heat exchanger to the engine inlet manifold and the engine exhaust drives the turbine. A portion of the net compressor discharge is by-passed around the engine through a heat exchanger to recover heat from the turbine exhaust, and through an afterburner to the exhaust turbine. A speed control device connects the second output of the first differential and the load. The speed control device comprises a variable displacement hydrostatic pump driving a variable displacement hydrostatic motor, and a control for the displacements; it may also comprise an electric generator and motor set with a control for the fields.

Turbine cooling control

Abstract: The turbine of a gas turbine engine has a nozzle with variable stagger angle vanes including stems which rotate with the vanes. Cooling air is supplied to the turbine from the compressor of the engine through a ring of rotary plug valves of which the movable valve members are on the vane stems. The cooling air is impelled by a fan on the turbine rotor forward face and the discharge from the fan is divided between the nozzle vanes and the turbine blades.

Rotary gas compressor

Abstract: Method and apparatus for a compressor for compressing air, gases and vapors isothermally using a liquid stream to compress the gas; the liquid issuing from an impeller intermittently, with the gas being entrained between these liquid pulses and compressed by the liquid; the liquid having high kinetic energy when leaving the impeller and in slowing the kinetic energy is converted to pressure for both the liquid and entrained gas. Also, this compressor may be used advantageously to compress vapors, wherein the liquid is the same fluid as the gas, in which case condensation of the gas to the liquid occurs, and work of compression is reduced.

Hermetic refrigeration compressor

Abstract: THE LOWER END OF THE CASING OF THE VERTICALLY MOUNTED HERMETIC COMPRESSOR UNIT IS FORMED WITH AN OIL SUMP TO WHICH LIQUID REFRIGERANT IS SUPPLIED THE LIQUID OIL-REFRIGERANT MIXTURE IS ELEVATED FROM THE SUMP BY A LIFT TUBE FIXED TO AND DEPENDING FROM THE MOTOR ROTOR DURING OPERATION OF THE MOTOR, A ROTATIONAL VORTEX IS FORMED IN THE TUBE AND THE LIQUID MIXTURE IS PASSED UPWARDLY THROUGH AXIALLY EXTENDING PASSAGES IN THE ROTOR AND IS DISPENSED ON THE UPPER AND LOWER END TURNS OF THE STATOR WINDINGS SUCTION IS APPLIED TO THE CASING ABOVE THE MOTOR FOR REMOVAL OF REFRIGERANT VAPOR

Cooling sleeve for gas turbine combustor transition member

Abstract: In a heavy duty gas turbine, the transition member leading from the combustion chamber outlet to the first turbine stage is cooled by means of a surrounding sleeve which admits compressor air on one side and which, after cooling the transition member, admits air into the hot combustion gas path to improve the radial temperature gradient at the turbine nozzle.

Refrigerant compressor control-relay to control two time delays

Abstract: An air conditioner refrigerant compressor control having a first time delay means automatically keeping the compressor deenergized for a predetermined period after each stop cycle, a second time delay means operable under certain conditions to keep the compressor energized for at least a predetermined period at initiation of each start cycle, and a single relay means operable to correctly program the two time delay means.

Hot gas refrigeration defrost structure and method

Abstract: A hot gas refrigeration defrost system is disclosed including a compressor and condenser in series with a plurality of series expansion means and evaporators connected in parallel, and a plurality of diverting valves connected between the evaporators and compressor input in parallel and connected in series between the compressor output and condenser. The diverting valves are operable to change the flow of the hot gas from the compressor to one of the evaporators to defrost the one evaporator and are simultaneously operable to isolate the condenser from the compressor output. A check valve is provided in the high side of the refrigeration system between the condenser and evaporators and a check valve is provided around each of the expansion means whereby hot compressor gas passed through an evaporator to defrost the evaporator is bypassed around the associated expansion means, is prevented from returning to the condenser and is passed through the expansion means associated with the remaining evaporators and back to the compressor. An accumulator is provided between the evaporators and compressor to prevent slugs of liquid refrigerant returning to the compressor at the end of the defrost cycle when the cooling cycle is resumed.

Two-shaft gas turbine control system

Abstract: In a two-shaft gas turbine having an adjustable nozzle between the compressor high-pressure turbine and the load turbine, a control system is provided in which a biasing signal is added to the fuel temperature control increasing its base reference so that on an increase in called for speed or load the gas turbine is able to dynamically respond in an improved manner. The steadystate temperature limits are exceeded transiently without damage to the gas turbine until the system returns to its new steadystate condition. Also provided for the two-shaft gas turbine is an acceleration limiting control whereby the overall gas turbine is allowed to accelerate at the maximum allowable value of either of the two shafts. Further provision is made for a blowoff valve control whereby excess energy from a regenerator is diverted from the turbines so that the speed and load control will remain in command, thus preventing overspeed conditions and/or subsequent shutdown.

Gas turbine for aircrafts

Abstract: A gas turbine for aircrafts, particularly jet engines with aircooled turbine blades whereby the cooling air is taken off either directly or indirectly from a compressor stage; a heat-exchanger with a closed circulation is provided in the cooling system whose heat-absorbing part is arranged in a cooling air channel disposed between the compressor and the turbine rotor.

Free piston engine

Abstract: A piston engine comprises a cylinder defining a combustion chamber, a ringless piston reciprocally mounted within the cylinder, the cylinder having means spaced from the combustion chamber and defining a zone of reduced clearance around the piston. This zone-defining means includes means for lubricating the zone to reduce friction. The lubricating means may comprise a gas-flow arrangement, or a bushing formed of self-lubricating material, or both of these features. The cylinder and piston are fabricated from materials having a maximum coefficient of thermal expansion of 30 X 10 7/* C. The engine may include a compressor piston reiprocal in a compressor cylinder which are designed for minimal heat expansion.

Hermetic compressor oil cooling system

Abstract: A hermetic motor-compressor unit of the vertical shaft type having an electric motor mounted above and driving the gas pump of the unit. The motor has its main stator winding wound radially inwardly of the auxiliary or start winding so that the end turns of the main winding are directly in the path of the lubricating oil which is flung from the outlet or outlets of a crankshaft oil passage fed from an oil pump in the sump of the compressor. The relatively cool oil thus directly impinges against and drains downwardly along the main winding to thereby effect more efficient cooling of the motor.

Hot gas defrosting system

Abstract: The invention relates to a central-type of refrigeration system in which multiple evaporator coils are remotely located from the compressor and condenser. The system has hot gas defrosting means associated therewith which operates during a defrosting cycle in a manner so that all of the hot refrigerant gas delivered by the compressor is utilized for the defrosting operation except when abnormal or unusual heat load conditions are present. When the abnormal conditions are present the compressor is partially diverted from its defrosting function just sufficiently so that the primary cooling function of the system is sustained at a predetermined level.

Jet engine air compressor

Abstract: A gas turbine jet engine is modified to act as an air compressor by removing the propulsion nozzle to increase the expansion ratio across the driving turbine and by injecting steam generated in the jet exhaust into the driving turbine to restore volume flow lost by removal of compressed air from the compressor.

Gas turbine engine cooling system incorporating a vortex shaft valve

Abstract: A gas turbine engine cooling system is disclosed which has the capability of varying the amount of cooling flow delivered to the turbine components. Cooling flow is bled from the compressor through a split compressor disc, which forms a vortex chamber through which the cooling flow passes. A plurality of small nozzles are positioned within this chamber with their outlets directed opposite the direction of rotation of the split disc. Control flow is directed through these nozzles to counteract a natural vortex which is formed within the chamber due to rotation of the disc. The strength of the vortex field is then utilized to control the amount of cooling flow which passes through the chamber and thus ultimately to the turbine section of the engine.

Engine turbosupercharger with vibration reducing drive

Abstract: A turbosupercharger for an internal combustion engine has a speed-increasing drive train to drive the compressor at a predetermined minimum multiple of engine speed and an overrunning clutch to permit the compressor to be driven at higher speeds by the engine exhaust gases. The turbosupercharger housing provides for the alternative use of two torsional vibration and shockreducing means in the drive train, one such means comprising an internally mounted engine oil lubricated quill shaft drive and the other such means comprising the combination of an internally mounted engine oil lubricated quill shaft drive arranged in parallel with an externally mounted viscous damper utilizing a silicone damping fluid or the like.

Cooling arrangement for a reverse flow gas turbine combustor

Abstract: The compressed airflow for the compressor of a gas turbine engine is initially contra to the direction of flow of the combustion gases and is scooped and turned before entering the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber liner is comprised of telescoping combustor sections, each downstream section overlapping an upstream section. The adjacent sections are rigidly interconnected by means of an annular joint which provides an inlet scoop for the compressed air, a mixing chamber, and an annular efflux area for discharging air into the combustion chamber. The scoop is formed by corrugations on the joint welded to the outer periphery of the downstream section. The mixing chamber and efflux area are formed by welding the other end of the joint to the outer periphery of the upstream section.

Air cycle air conditioning system and method

Abstract: APPARATUS AND METHOD UTILIZING COMPRESSOR BLEED AIR AND THE LIKE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AIR CONDITIONING AND AS CONDITIONED SERVO FLUID. AN AIR CYCLE MACHINE EFFECTS COOLING AND DEPRESSURIZING OF A PORTION OF BLEED AIR, DIRECTING IT TO A PLACE OF USE FOR EVIRONMENTAL COOLING. ANOTHER PORTION OF THE BLEED AIR IS DIRECTED TO A PLACE OF USE AS A PRESSURE FLUID, IN BY-PASSING RELATION TO THE AIR CYCLE MACHINE. IN A REHEAT HEAT EXCHANGER THE TWO PORTIONS ARE BROUGHT INTO HEAT TRANSFER RELATION, WITH CONSEQUENT IMPROVEMENT IN THE RELATIVE HUMIDITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FIRST PORTION AND COOLING OF THE SECOND PORTION. PRESSURE REDUCING MEANS PROVIDES FOR EXPANSION OF THE SAID SECOND PORTION AND CORRESPONDING IMPROVEMENT IN RELATIVE HUMIDITY.

Control system for rotary compressors

Abstract: A Control system for a motor-driven, rotary air compressor which includes a suction control throttling valve at the compressor inlet. The control system automatically shuts down the driving motor whenever the compressor operates near its unloaded condition for an extended period of time. The control system also restarts the driving motor upon a subsequent demand for compressed air.

Split compressor gas turbine

Abstract: A GAS TURBINE ENGINE HAS A DOBULE-ENTRY CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR, COMBUSTION APPARATUS SUPPLIED BY THE COMPRESSOR, AND A TURBINE HAVING VARIABLE NOZZLE AREA SUPPLIED FROM THE COMBUSTION APPARATUS AND DRIVING THE COMPRESSOR. THE TURBINE MAY DRIVE THE LOAD OR A SECOND POWER TURBINE IN SERIES WITH THE COMPRESSOR DRIVING TURBINE MAY BE PROVIDED. A REGENATOR TO EXCHANGE HEAT BETWEEN TURBINE EXHAUST AND COMPRESSED AIR IS PREFERABLY PROVIDED. ONE SIDE OF THE DOUBLE-ENTRY COMPRESSOR IS PROVIDED WITH A SHUT OFF VALVE WHICH CLOSES THE ENTRANCE TO THIS SIDE FOR OPERATION AT IDLING AND UNDER LIGHT LOADS. THE VALVE IS OPENED COMPLETELY FOR HIGHER POWER OUTPUT OF THE ENGINE.

Combustion products pressure generators intermittent burner cycle and engines

Abstract: This invention comprises improvements in combustion products pressure generators of the intermittent cycle, two stage type, and reciprotating piston engines which use the combustion products the pressure generators produce for power and to drive the air compressors which supply combustion air to the pressure generators. Improvements of the pressure generator include an improved type burner with forced air circulation and dilution of the hot gases with cooler air making for minimum air pollution. Improvements of the reciprocating piston engines are carbon or other anti-friction material in power piston rings and rod seals. A system of maintaining the power cylinder wall at the highest possible working temperature to cut down on the heat loss from the hot gases to the working parts of the power cylinders. Also, poppet type valves in the cylinder heads to make for minimum clearance. Also, a automatic variable speed governor controlling precision cutoff valve action on the charge valves to the power cylinders. This cutoff action is reversible. Also, an automatic changeover mechanism which changes the automatic governor control to manual throttle control when engine speed falls below predetermined speed, and at the same time changes the engine from compound operation to simple throttle speed. If it again exceeds the predetermined speed, the operation is automatically changed back to the automatic variable speed governor and valve cutoff. The variable speed adjustment is controlled by the manual throttle lever or accelerator pedal which also control the engine throttle valves at low speed. There are mechanical seals on the fan drive shaft where it comes out of the pressure vessel, which is the pressure generator and a cool air blocking system which blocks the hot gases from the area around the seal. This same seal system is also used on the throttle valves.

Air-suspension system for motor vehicles

Abstract: A motor-vehicle suspension system incorporates a closed air circuit comprising a low-pressure tank, a first changeover valve, a compressor, a second changeover valve, a high-pressure tank, and a pneumatic device (an air spring or the like into which compressed air is supplied from the high-pressure tank). A first pressure-sensitive device is provided for preventing the compressor from pumping any more air away from the low-pressure tank into the high-pressure tank upon reduction in the pressure of the former tank, while a second pressure-sensitive device is provided for restarting the once-stopped pumping operation in the event of the reduction in the pressure of the latter tank which may be caused by air leakage. Simultaneously with this restarting of the compressor operation, a device for air replenishment becomes operative to cause the first and second changeover valves to cut off the above two tanks from the compressor. Atmospheric air is then permitted to flow into this compressor and thence back into the low-pressure tank, from which the air is pumped into the high-pressure tank by the same compressor.

Process for the utilization of the energy content of the flue gas accrued in catalytic cracking plants

Abstract: AN IMPROVEMENT IN A PROCESS FOR UTILIZATION OF THE ENERGY CONTENT OF THE FLUE GAS ACCRUED N CATALYTIC CRACKING PLANTS AND FOR THE ECONOMIC CONTROL OF SUCH CRACKING PLANTS, TO THEREBY IMPROVE THE ENTIRE EFFECTIVENESS OF SUCH A PLANT AND ITS ADAPTABILITY TO VARIOUS OPERATING CONDITIONS. THE PROCESS COMPRISES THE STEPS OF SUPPLYING THE COMBUSTION AIR REQUIRED FOR THE REGENERATION OF THE CATALYST TO THE REGENERATOR BY A COMPRESSOR, SUPPLYING THE ACCRUED FLUE GAS TO AN EXHAUST GAS TURBINE BY A CYCLONE BEING INDEPENDENT OF SAID REGENERATOR, SAID EXHAUST GAS TURBINE IS ARRANGED PARTICULARLY TO DRIVE A GENERATOR, BURING THE COMBUSTIBLE PART OF CO CONTAINED IN THE FLUE GAS IN A CATALYTIC CO BOILER FOLLOWING THE TURBINE, SUPPLYING THE SURPLUS AIR RESULTING FROM A SLIGHTER REQUIREMENT OF COMBUSTION AIR FOR HEATING TO SAID CO BOILER BY MEANS OF A LINE (BYPASS LINE) LEADING PAST THE CRACKING PROCESS AND BRANCHING OFF BETWEEN SAID COMPRESSOR AND SAID REGENERATOR AND MIXING SAID SURPLUS AIR TO THE FLUE GAS COMING FROM THE REGENERATOR BEFORE SAID CYCLONE.