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Showing papers on "Gas compressor published in 1976"



Patent
06 Feb 1976
TL;DR: An axial piston, variable displacement, wobble plate gas or vapor compressor has been used in this article for rapid response to a compressor inoperative mode, where either a mechanical or spring means serves to maintain the reference position during inoperation of the compressor.
Abstract: An axial piston, variable displacement, wobble plate gas or vapor compressor having improved wobble plate control for rapid response to a compressor inoperative mode. Either a mechanical or spring means serves to maintain the reference position during inoperation of the compressor. This control of the wobble plate position provides for rapid response during either operation or inoperation of the compressor, and also provides a stabilizing means which inhibits undesired wobble plate movement at low crankcase pressures.

81 citations


Patent
30 Jul 1976
TL;DR: A gas turbine powered aircraft auxiliary power system capable of efficiently supplying all aircraft auxiliary services both in flight and on the ground and further capable of operating independently of the aircraft main engines is presented in this paper.
Abstract: A gas turbine powered aircraft auxiliary power system capable of efficiently supplying all aircraft auxiliary services both in flight and on the ground and further capable of operating independently of the aircraft main engines. The system employs multiple gas turbine compressor stages, and utilizes the aircraft cabin as a plenum chamber between the first and second compressor stages, thereby accomplishing cabin pressurization, ventilation and heating.

75 citations


Patent
15 Nov 1976
TL;DR: In this article, a solar-thermal power plant is described, where the eftive heat obtained from solar energy is supplied to the air current between a compressor and an expansion machine.
Abstract: A solar-thermal power plant, comprises an open air circuit wherein the eftive heat obtained from solar energy is supplied to the air current between a compressor and an expansion machine. The construction includes a solar heater which is exposed directly to solar radiation and which is traversed by the air current and provides a means for the direct solar heating of the air current which is conveyed from the compressor to the expansion machine.

72 citations


Patent
02 Dec 1976
TL;DR: In this article, a wobble plate compressor is used to adjust the output of the compressor in response to refrigeration requirements by varying the compressor piston displacement to match the cooling requirement, which results in the pistons tending to go to their full stroke positions.
Abstract: A wobble plate compressor in which the output of the compressor is modulated in response to refrigeration requirements by varying the compressor piston displacement to match the cooling requirement. An expansible chamber power unit including a sleeve surrounds the drive shaft in sealing relation therewith for axial movement with said sleeve including a wobble plate connected thereto for pivotal movement relative to the shaft. The wobble plate angle is varied during the axial movement of the sleeve by means of a drive lug on the drive shaft having a cam track therein connected in rotary driving relation to cam follower means on the wobble plate. The cam track opposite ends define respectively, maximum and minimum stroke lengths for each of the pistons whereby under controlled pressure conditions the force system results in the pistons tending to go to their full stroke positions.

58 citations


Dissertation
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a heat transfer model for heat transfer in the context of the MIT's Heat Transfer Laboratory, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Abstract: Prepared in association with Heat Transfer Laboratory, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

54 citations


Patent
29 Apr 1976
TL;DR: A variable cycle air breathing gas turbine engine includes a core engine having a combustor, a high pressure turbine stage and a low pressure stage and wherein the high pressure stage drives a compressor for the core engine and the low pressure stages drives a bypass fan for the engine as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A variable cycle air breathing gas turbine engine includes a core engine having a combustor, a high pressure turbine stage and a low pressure stage and wherein the high pressure stage drives a compressor for the core engine and the low pressure stage drives a bypass fan for the engine. The low pressure turbine stage includes a row of tip mounted blades located in a first bypass duct and the engine includes auxiliary inlets and crossover valve means for directing air through the first bypass duct during a first mode of engine operation to cause the tip blades on the low pressure turbine stage to operate as an auxiliary bypass fan while the primary fan is driven during the first mode to produce a bypass ratio in a second bypass duct. During a second engine operating mode crossover valve means are conditioned to communicate the first bypass duct with the primary fan and a second combustor element in the first bypass duct is operated to produce flow of motive fluid across the tip blades to drive the blades as a reaction turbine to produce a high temperature turbojet cycle of engine operation.

54 citations


Patent
23 Apr 1976
TL;DR: A variable capacity wobble plate compressor including a fluid actuator for shifting the centering ball, on which the cam mechanism is supported, to effect a change in the length of stroke by varying the angle of inclination of the wobble plates with respect to the drive shaft axis as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A variable capacity wobble plate compressor including a fluid actuator for shifting the centering ball, on which the cam mechanism is supported, to effect a change in the length of stroke by varying the angle of inclination of the wobble plate with respect to the drive shaft axis. A control system automatically responds to suction pressure (or some other predetermined variable to be controlled) to operate the fluid actuator.

47 citations


Patent
07 Sep 1976
TL;DR: In this article, a plurality of skewed slots of a particular shape are provided within a compressor casing adjacent at least one stage of compressor blade tips, the slots having an axial length greater than that of the adjacent blade tips.
Abstract: A plurality of skewed slots of a particular shape are provided within a compressor casing adjacent at least one stage of compressor blade tips, the slots having an axial length greater than that of the adjacent blade tips. The slots are provided such that upon occurrence of compressor surge or stall, the stagnating air occurring about the blade row may be directed by the slots downstream of the compressor blade row back into the main stream of fluid passing through the compressor. By such an arrangement, the slots provide a compressor in which the air flow and pressure ratio may be increased before reaching compressor stall or surge.

47 citations


Patent
12 Apr 1976
TL;DR: In this article, an impeller blank for a centrifugal compressor has a parabolic contour extending in a generally axial direction from generally radial sections of the blades, and the working surface of each inducer section with respect to a plane at right angles to the impeller axis varies inversely with diameter and with the axial dimension of the inducer from the radial section.
Abstract: An impeller blank for a centrifugal compressor has impeller blades with inducer sections of parabolic contour extending in a generally axial direction from generally radial sections of the blades. The angle of the working surface of each inducer section with respect to a plane at right angles to the impeller axis varies inversely with diameter and with the axial dimension of the inducer section from the radial section. The inducer sections are cut to a diameter for minimum gas velocity with respect to the impeller, a function of gas flow rate and impeller speed, and are cut axially for an inlet angle which is a function of the ratio of axial to peripheral gas velocity to achieve flow nearly parallel with the working surface of the inducer section.

45 citations


Patent
29 Nov 1976
TL;DR: In this article, a liquid passage is located in the turbocharger housing and is operatively interposed between the turbine and the bearing, resulting in ebullient cooling of the housing immediately adjacent the bearing when the engine is not operating.
Abstract: A turbocharged internal combustion engine system including a liquid-cooled internal combustion engine, a heat exchanger for cooling the liquid, a pump for pumping cooled liquid from the heat exchanger to the engine, and a turbocharger including a rotary turbine and a rotary compressor, a housing containing the turbine and the compressor, a shaft interconnecting the turbine and the compressor and bearings journalling the shaft within the housing between the turbine and compressor. Exhaust gases from the engine are directed through the turbine to drive the same and air from the compressor is directed to the engine. A liquid passage is located in the turbocharger housing and is operatively interposed between the turbine and the bearing. The passage has a lower inlet and an upper outlet and liquid coolant from the engine is directed to the inlet. Coolant from the output is directed to the heat exchanger or other suitable compartment in the engine coolant system so as to allow flow while the engine is operating and under the following conditions. Thermosiphoning of the coolant will occur through the passage when the engine is not operative, resulting in ebullient cooling of the housing immediately adjacent the bearings when the engine is not operating. As a result, thermal damage to the bearings is prevented and coking of the residual oil on the inside walls of the housing is also prevented.

Patent
05 Feb 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, an internal combustion engine providing mechanical energy and also thermal energy which is commonly referred to as waste heat is used to generate steam at a relatively low temperature and pressure.
Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating steam including an internal combustion engine providing mechanical energy and also thermal energy which is commonly referred to as waste heat. In one aspect, the engine drives a heat pump, and the low temperature side of the heat pump removes waste heat from the engine and in some instances also heat from the environment, while the high temperature side of the heat pump delivers heat to an unfired steam boiler. In another aspect, the engine drives a water injectable compressor, and waste heat from the engine is utilized in a heat exchanger to boil water and thereby produce steam at a relatively low temperature and pressure. This steam enters the compressor and emerges therefrom at a relatively high temperature and pressure. In all aspects, the generated steam can be used for such applications as heating or the operation of a steam engine.

Patent
20 Oct 1976
TL;DR: In this article, the flywheel is driven any time that the engine is running thereby inducing a voltage in the stator windings and that flywheel also drives the air conditioner compressor when the clutch is actuated.
Abstract: A pump such as a vehicle air conditioner compressor has a compressor shaft, a continuously engine-driven flywheel and means such as an electromagnetic clutch for selectively coupling the flywheel to the shaft to operate the pump. The flywheel also provides a permanent magnet field which field rotates with the flywheel and induces in the windings of a relatively stationary annular stator assembly an electric voltage in response to the rotating magnetic field. The pump shaft, annular clutch actuating coil, annular stator assembly, and permanent magnet flywheel are all generally concentrically disposed and in the order stated. The flywheel is driven any time that the engine is running thereby inducing a voltage in the stator windings and that flywheel also drives the exemplary compressor when the clutch is actuated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors obtained pressure drop data for the horizontal flow of air and water in a 0.5-in-diameter pipe at a system pressure of 100 psig, using polyethylene oxide, a well-known water-soluble, drag-reducing polymer.
Abstract: As pointed out by the University of Tulsa, a number of potential applications exist for drag reduction in two-phase flow to gas production, transmission, and storage. Examples include the reduction of pumping and compressor requirements in gas-gas condensate pipelines, increased capacity of existing producing equipment, and increased flow from aquifers and other storage facilities. To demonstrate the possibility of drag reduction in two-phase, annular-mist flow, researchers from the university obtained pressure-drop data for the horizontal flow of air and water in a 0.5-in.-diameter pipe at a system pressure of 100 psig, using polyethylene oxide, a well-known water-soluble, drag-reducing polymer. The liquid/gas ratio was varied from 10 to 1000 bbl/million SCF. A plot of the experimental pressure gradient vs. the liquid flow rate for two-fixed gas rates verified that a significant pressure-gradient reduction was obtained, which increased to a maximum of 37% as the liquid flow rate increased.

Patent
09 Feb 1976
TL;DR: In this article, a multiple stage expansion valve for use in an air conditioning system for an automotive vehicle including multiple stage flow control orifices located between a condenser and a refrigerant evaporator is presented.
Abstract: A multiple stage expansion valve for use in an air conditioning system for an automotive vehicle including multiple stage flow control orifices located between a refrigerant condenser and a refrigerant evaporator, the high pressure side of the refrigerant gas compressor being in fluid communication with the inlet side of the condenser, the low pressure side of the compressor being connected to the outlet side of the evaporator through a suction throttling valve device, said expansion device comprising multiple stage orifice valves defined in part by a movable piston that responds to the pressure differential across the expansion device to establish optimum refrigerant flow through the air conditioning system during operation at high load, for establishing a relatively high fluid flow restriction during operation at low and moderate loads, and for establishing a moderate fluid flow restriction during operation at high loads and low compressor speeds.

Patent
14 Oct 1976
TL;DR: In this article, the first and second hermetic shell compressors are used in a multi-compressor system, one running at half load, and the other running at full load or not at all.
Abstract: The disclosed system includes first and second hermetic shell compressors, one of which always runs while the system is operating and includes unloading means for running at half load, and the other compressor operating at full load or not at all so that four operating capacity steps are available, both of the compressors having shells with suction gas inlets, oil equalizer line ports, and gas exchange line ports being identically sized and located with respect to each other so that standard compressors can be stocked and used in the multiple compressor system while the multiple compressor system is capable of being operated at the varying capacities.

Patent
Barton H. Snow1
13 May 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, a hydraulic pump and drive system is interconnected between the fan and compressor rotor of a turbofan engine such that the windmill speed of the core rotor can be boosted to a speed sufficient to allow a significantly increased in-flight start envelope by selectively extracting power from the windmilling fan prior to relight of the engine.
Abstract: A hydraulic pump and drive system is interconnected between the fan and compressor rotor of a turbofan engine such that the windmill speed of the core rotor can be boosted to a speed sufficient to allow a significantly increased in-flight start envelope by selectively extracting power from the windmilling fan prior to relight of the engine. Control logic is included to decouple the motor and pump whenever the engine is in the operating speed region and to selectively couple the fan-driven hydraulic pump to auxiliary machinery such as the nozzle actuators to obtain a dual-purpose function from the pump.

Patent
Jaime Rios Santos1
29 Jun 1976
TL;DR: In this article, an engine for driving an automotive vehicle has a plurality of turbine rotors mounted on the main drive shaft, and compressed air at reduced pressure from the delivery side of each rotor is supplied to a manifold which also supplies the main air tank through a second stage compressor.
Abstract: An engine for driving an automotive vehicle has a plurality of turbine rotors mounted on the main drive shaft. Compressed air is supplied to the rotors in succession from a distributing valve which is supplied with compressed air from a main air tank, and compressed air at reduced pressure from the delivery side of each rotor is supplied to a manifold which also supplies the main air tank through a second stage compressor.


Patent
03 May 1976
TL;DR: In this article, a turbine/compressor air cycle system including a source of bleed air, means for feeding the bleed air directly to a turbine and adjustably feeding a portion of the air to a compressor, the amount of air being fed to the compressor being dependent upon whether high or low pressure bleed air is extant.
Abstract: There is described a turbine/compressor air cycle system including a source of bleed air, means for feeding the bleed air directly to a turbine, means for adjustably feeding a portion of the bleed air to a compressor and means for feeding used cabin air to the compressor, the amount of bleed air being fed to the compressor being dependent upon whether high or low pressure bleed air is extant.

Patent
27 Apr 1976
TL;DR: In this article, a gear box is provided with three inputs mutually decoupling each other so that neither can drive the other two via the gear box but either can drive secondary power sources such as a pump and a generator.
Abstract: A gear box is provided with three inputs mutually decoupling each other so that neither can drive the other two via the gear box but either can drive secondary power sources such as a pump and a generator. The three inputs are respectively connected to an aircraft engine shaft, a starter-air turbine and a gas turbine, whereby additionally the starter turbine is connected to drive the shaft for starting but not vice versa. The air turbine receives air from the compressor of the gas turbine or otherwise. The shaft can be disconnected from the system.

Patent
16 Jan 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, a gas turbine has a combustion chamber of toroidal configuration that includes separation structure dividing the combustion chamber into an annular primary zone and a annular dilution zone.
Abstract: A gas turbine has a combustion chamber of toroidal configuration that includes separation structure dividing the combustion chamber into an annular primary zone and an annular dilution zone. Injection of compressor discharge air into the primary zone sets up a toroidal recirculation pattern of generally circular cross-sectional configuration. Fuel slinger structure at the inner periphery of the primary zone has a generally cylindrical surface for receiving and distributing fuel in a thin sheet for discharge in a radially outward direction as minute droplets towards the center of the toroidal recirculation pattern. The radial flow of the fuel droplets interacts with said toroidal recirculation pattern and provides intimate mixing of fuel and air, and resulting efficient combustion within said primary zone. The resulting combustion product flows from the primary zone past the separation structure into the dilution zone. Compressor discharge air injected into the dilution zone dilutes the products of combustion from the primary zone.

Patent
26 Nov 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, a gas turbine engine is described in which a compressor, combustor, and turbine are arranged in series flow relationship, and the compressor discharge is outwardly angled.
Abstract: A gas turbine engine is described in which a compressor, combustor and turbine are arranged in series flow relationship. The compressor discharge is outwardly angled. This pressurized air is then introduced into a toroidal combustion chamber of the combustor to create an annular vortex within which the combustion process is maintained. The hot gas stream generated is discharged from the combustion chamber to a centripital turbine which drives the compressor rotor. A portion of the pressurized air is introduced into the combustion chamber adjacent the hot gas stream discharge exit and in general flow opposition thereto, to dilute the hot gas stream and confine the combustion process within the combustion chamber, thereby minimizing the possibility of overtemperaturing the turbine. The combustor housing also defines the outer bounds of the hot gas stream flowing through the turbine. A power turbine converts a major portion of the energy of the hot gas stream to a motive shaft power output.

Patent
20 May 1976
TL;DR: A gas compressor of the pitot type is equipped with means for separating liquid, entrained in supply gas to be compressed, from the supply gas prior to introduction of the gas into a pumping chamber within the compressor as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A gas compressor of the pitot type is equipped with means for separating liquid, entrained in supply gas to be compressed, from the supply gas prior to introduction of the supply gas into a pumping chamber within the compressor. A rotary casing is mounted for rotation in a selected direction about an axis of the compressor. A gas supply passage, for delivering a gas to be compressed, has an outlet to the interior of the casing. A compressed gas discharge duct leads from the compressor coaxially with the casing. A pitot tube extends radially from the compressor axis in the casing and has, adjacent its outer end, an inlet which faces in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotary casing. The pitot tube has a diffuser passage connected to the inlet and extending toward the casing axis to an outlet port connected to the compressed gas discharge duct. Liquid separating means are cooperatively associated with the gas supply passage upstream of its outlet for centrifugally separating liquid from gas in the supply passage. The liquid separating means are mounted for rotation with the casing.

Patent
28 Apr 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, a remote temperature probe is disposed in a feed duct having an inlet in flow communication with the engine inlet upstream of the particle separator and an outlet disposed intermediate the inlet and inlet to the engine compressor.
Abstract: In a gas turbine engine of the type which includes an inlet particle separator, there is provided apparatus for measuring the temperature of the air entering the engine compressor. A remote temperature probe is disposed in a feed duct having an inlet in flow communication with the engine inlet upstream of the particle separator and an outlet disposed intermediate the particle separator and inlet to the engine compressor. Airflow through the feed duct is generated by the pressure drop across the particle separator without the use of compressor bleed or other air sources which result in performance degradation of the engine. Temperature measurement errors during engine anti-icing are reduced by selectively cross-bleeding a predetermined quantity of anti-icing air into the feed duct during activation of the engine's anti-icing system. The response rate of the probe is significantly improved by enclosing the probe in an impingement heat transfer blanket.

Patent
17 Feb 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, a combination of a perfusion reservoir and a compressor is used to regulate the flow rate of perfusion liquid delivered by the latter into the perfusion tubing, which is governed by a differential voltage resulting from the comparison by an electronic circuit of the real value with the desired value of flow rate.
Abstract: The flow rate regulation, notably of a rapid perfusion flow rate, is effected by regulating the pressure in the perfusion reservoir by the application of a voltage to a compressor, which increases the flow rate of the liquid in the perfusion tubing by sending pressurized air into the reservoir. The latter is at atmospheric pressure when no voltage is applied to the compressor. The device comprises the combination of a perfusion reservoir and a compressor which causes the pressure in said reservoir to vary. Consequently the flow rate of the perfusion liquid delivered by the latter into the perfusion tubing varies. The compressor is governed by a differential voltage resulting from the comparison by an electronic circuit of the real value with the desired value of the flow rate in the perfusion tubing. This differential voltage is applied to the compressor which then sends compressed air into the perfusion reservoir.

Patent
03 May 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, a compressor capacity control and lubrication system including a nonmodulating capacity regulator for an oil flooded gas compressor such as a rotary screw compressor is described, which includes an on-off intake regulator.
Abstract: A compressor capacity control and lubrication system including a nonmodulating capacity regulator for an oil flooded gas compressor such as a rotary screw compressor. The system includes an on-off intake regulator. The lubrication system insures sufficient supply of cooling and sealing lubrication when the machine is operating at loaded conditions and a limited quantity of cooling lubrication when the machine is operating at unloaded conditions. This is accomplished by the use of a pair of gas-liquid reservoirs. One of the reservoirs is vented to atmosphere during unloaded operation of the compressor. Lubricant is supplied from both reservoirs to the compressor when the machine is operating at loaded conditions, but only one of the reservoirs when operating at unloaded conditions.

Patent
17 May 1976
TL;DR: A compressor-expander for use in air conditioning including a chamber of generally elliptical cross section having a compressor side and an expander side each with inlet and outlet ports is described in this article.
Abstract: A compressor-expander for use in air conditioning including a chamber of generally elliptical cross section having a compressor side and an expander side each with inlet and outlet ports. Rotatable in the chamber is a vaned rotor defining enclosed compartments in which the air is positively compressed accompanied by an increase in temperature in the compressor side and is positively expanded with a decrease in temperature in the expander side, the elliptical eccentricity of the compressor side being less than 0.62 and the eccentricity on the expander side being less than the eccentricity of the compressor side in a ratio lying between 0.68 and 0.95. Pressure in the compartment at the point of discharge is substantially at atmospheric level, and the expander outlet port is so located that when a compartment on the expander side is centered on the major axis, the leading vane is at the threshold of discharge. Dissipation openings of progressively increasing size are provided at the threshold for throttling the discharge in the event that the pressure in the discharging compartment varies slightly from the atmospheric level. The compressor side outlet port and the expander side inlet port are curvingly divergent and convergent, respectively, providing a smooth transition between tangential and radial movement of the pressurized air. The end bells enclosing the elliptical chamber each have an integral outer wall of elliptical shape bounded by a flat end face as well as an integral inner wall formed by a bearing sleeve, the walls, between them, defining a roller space for accommodating, in overlapping relation, guide rollers on the respective vanes. The vanes are of special construction, being formed of wear-resistant non-metallic material with a thin metal insert terminating at its ends in alined stub shafts for the rollers. The rotor and vanes are preferably formed of carbon, and the stator is preferably formed of carbon or magnesium.

Patent
16 Sep 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, a working fluid such as a liquifiable gas is rotated in a rotor having a thermodynamic compressor, a condenser chamber and an evaporation chamber, and a forepump is actuated by the compressor in order to vary the thermodynamic operating points.
Abstract: A working fluid such as a liquifiable gas is rotated in a rotor having a thermodynamic compressor, a condenser chamber and an evaporation chamber. The high pressure zone in the condenser chamber is separated from the low pressure zone of the evaporator by a column of liquid. In several embodiments, a forepump is actuated by the thermodynamic compressor in order to vary the thermodynamic operating points of the device.

Patent
06 May 1976
TL;DR: In this article, a method for controlling the coolant circulation in a compressor-refrigerated cold storage plant, so as to maintain a constant temperature at the expansion valve gauges uses variable-speed motors for the condenser fan and/or compressor drive, or preferably, under computer control - both of them and the cold store fan drive also.
Abstract: Method for controlling the coolant circulation in a compressor-refrigerated cold storage plant, so as to maintain a constant temperature (or, equivalently, pressure) at the expansion valve gauges uses variable-speed motors for the condenser fan and/or compressor drive, or preferably, under computer control - both of them and the cold-store fan drive also. The speed of the condenser fan is controlled to provide the same output temperature in all atmospheric conditions. The compressor speed must change when fresh food is put into the store. The draught through the evaporator - i.e., the cold store itself - is held within limits, keeping the air moving without causing too much drying.