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Gas compressor
About: Gas compressor is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 91817 publications have been published within this topic receiving 552209 citations.
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Book•
01 Nov 1995
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a detailed discussion of the properties of compressors and their properties, as well as a comparison between conventional and non-linear compressors, with respect to their performance.
Abstract: PREFACE. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. PART I POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSOR TECHNOLOGY. 1 Theory. 1.1 Symbols. 1.2 How a Compressor Works. 1.3 First Law of Thermodynamics. 1.4 Second Law of Thermodynamics. 1.5 Ideal or Perfect Gas Laws. 11.6 Vapor Pressure. 1.7 Gas and Vapor. 1.8 Partial Pressures. 1.9 Critical Conditions. 1.10 Compressibility. 1.11 Generalized Compressibility Charts. 1.12 Gas Mixtures. 1.13 The Mole. 1.14 Specific Volume and Density. 1.15 Volume Percent of Constituents. 1.16 Molecular Weight of a Mixture. 1.17 Specific Gravity and Partial Pressure. 1.18 Ratio of Specific Heats. 1.19 Pseudo-critical Conditions and Compressibility. 1.20 Weight-Basis Items. 1.21 Compression Cycles. 1.22 Power Requirement. 1.23 Compressibility Correction. 1.24 Multiple Staging. 1.25 Volume References. 1.26 Cylinder Clearance and Volumetric Efficiency. 1.27 Cylinder Clearance and Compression Efficiency. Reference. 2 Reciprocating Process Compressor Design Overview. 2.1 Crankshaft Design. 2.2 Bearings and Lubrication Systems. 2.3 Connecting Rods. 2.4 Crossheads. 2.5 Frames and Cylinders. 2.6 Cooling Provisions. 2.7 Pistons. 2.8 Piston and Rider Rings. 2.9 Valves. 2.10 Piston Rods. 2.11 Packings. 2.12 Cylinder Lubrication. 2.13 Distance Pieces. 2.14 Reciprocating Compressor Modernization. 3 Reciprocating Compressor Performance and Monitoring Considerations. 3.1 Capacity Control. 3.2 More About Cylinder Jacket Cooling and Heating Arrangements. 3.3 Comparing Lubricated and Nonlubricated Conventional Cylinder Construction. 3.4 Compressor Vent and Buffer Systems. 3.5 Compressor Instrumentation. 3.6 Condition Monitoring of Reciprocating Compressors. References. 4 Labyrinth Piston Compressors. 4.1 Main Design Features. 4.2 Energy Consumption. 4.3 Sealing Problems. 5 Hypercompressors. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Cylinders and Piston Seals. 5.3 Cylinder Heads and Valves. 5.4 Drive Mechanism. 5.5 Miscellaneous Problems. 5.6 Conclusions. 6 Metal Diaphragm Compressors. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Terminology. 6.3 Description. 7 Lobe and Sliding Vane Compressors. 8 Liquid Ring Compressors. 9 Rotary Screw Compressors and Filter Separators. 9.1 Twin-Screw Machines. 9.2 Oil-Flooded Single-Screw Compressors. 9.3 Selecting Modern Reverse-Flow Filter-Separator Technology. 10 Reciprocating Compressor Performance and Sizing Fundamentals. 10.1 Theoretical Maximum Capacity. 10.2 Capacity Losses. 10.3 Valve Preload. 10.4 Valve and Gas Passage Throttling. 10.5 Piston Ring Leakage. 10.6 Packing Leakage. 10.7 Discharge Valve Leakage. 10.8 Suction Valve Leakage. 10.9 Heating Effects. 10.10 Pulsation Effects. 10.11 Horsepower. 10.12 Horsepower Adders. 10.13 Gas Properties. 10.14 Alternative Equations of State. 10.15 Condensation. 10.16 Frame Loads. 10.17 Compressor Displacement and Clearance. 10.18 Staging. 10.19 Fundamentals of Sizing. 10.20 Sizing Examples. PART II DYNAMIC COMPRESSOR TECHNOLOGY. 11 Simplified Equations for Determining the Performance of Dynamic Compressors. 11.1 Nonoverloading Characteristics of Centrifugal Compressors. 11.2 Stability. 11.3 Speed Change. 11.4 Compressor Drive. 11.5 Calculations. 12 Design Considerations and Manufacturing Techniques. 12.1 Axially vs. Radially Split. 12.2 Tightness. 12.3 Material Stress. 12.4 Nozzle Location and Maintenance. 12.5 Design Overview. 12.6 Bearing Configurations. 12.7 Casing Design Criteria. 12.8 Casing Manufacturing Techniques. 12.9 Stage Design Considerations. 12.10 Impeller Manufacturing Techniques. 12.11 Rotor Dynamic Considerations. 12.12 Fouling Considerations and Coatings. 13 Advanced Sealing and Bearing Systems. 13.1 Background. 13.2 Dry Seals. 13.3 Magnetic Bearings. 13.4 Development Efforts. 13.4.1 Thrust-Reducing Seals. 13.5 Integrated Designs. 13.6 Fluid-Induced Instability and Externally Pressurized Bearings. References. Suggested Reading. 14 Couplings, Torque Transmission, and Torque Sensing. 14.1 Coupling Overview. 14.2 Coupling Retrofits and Upgrades. 14.3 Performance Optimization Through Torque Monitoring. 15 Lubrication, Sealing, and Control Oil Systems for Turbomachinery. 15.1 Considerations Common to All Systems. 15.2 Seal Oil Considerations. 16 Compressor Control. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Control System Objectives. 16.3 Compressor Maps. 16.4 Performance Control. 16.5 Performance Limitations. 16.6 Preventing Surge. 16.7 Loop Decoupling. 16.8 Conclusions. Reference. 17 Head-Flow Curve Shape of Centrifugal Compressors. 17.1 Compressor Stage. 17.2 Elements of the Characteristic Shape. 17.3 Conclusions. 18 Use of Multiple-Inlet Compressors. 18.1 Critical Selection Criteria. 18.2 Design of a Sideload Compressor. 18.3 Testing. 19 Compressor Performance Testing. 19.1 Performance Testing of New Compressors. 19.2 Shop Testing and Types of Tests. 19.3 Field Testing. 19.4 Predicting Compressor Performance at Other Than As-Designed Conditions. References. 20 Procurement, Audit, and Asset Management Decisions. 20.1 Incentives to Buy from Knowledgeable and Cooperative Compressor Vendors. 20.2 Industry Standards and Their Purpose. 20.3 Disadvantages of Cheap Process Compressors. 20.4 Audits vs. Reviews. 20.5 Auditing and Reviewing Compressors. 20.6 Compressor Inspection: Extension of the Audit Effort. 20.7 Compressor Installation Specifications. Special-Purpose Machinery. References. 21 Reliability-Driven Asset Management Strategies. 21.1 Strategy for Reciprocating Compressors. 21.2 Achieving Compressor Asset Optimization. References. APPENDIX A PROPERTIES OF COMMON GASES. APPENDIX B SHORTCUT CALCULATIONS AND GRAPHICAL COMPRESSOR SELECTION PROCEDURES. APPENDIX C BIBLIOGRAPHY AND LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. INDEX.
138 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a variable capacity direct expansion solar-assisted heat pump system is developed and operated for domestic hot water application, which employs a bare solar collector which also acts as the system evaporator.
138 citations
Patent•
02 Feb 1981TL;DR: In this paper, a heat pump system in which the compressor speed is varied in response to load conditions by a programmed control system and the indoor coil fan speed, during heating operations, is proportioned to compressor speed as further modified by the outdoor air temperature.
Abstract: A heat pump system in which the compressor speed is varied in response to load conditions by a programmed control system and the indoor coil fan speed, during heating operations, is proportioned to compressor speed as further modified by the outdoor air temperature.
137 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the dynamics of a direct-heated closed Brayton power conversion system (PCS) with supercritical carbon-dioxide as the working fluid (sCO2 PCS) is investigated.
137 citations
Patent•
27 Jul 1992TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a null cycle control for a refrigeration system with an economizer cycle, in which the main and auxiliary condensers are controlled in at least one predetermined open/close pattern during the null cycle, and preferably in a plurality of selectable predetermined open and close patterns.
Abstract: A refrigeration system of the type having an economizer cycle is provided with a null cycle, in addition to heating and cooling cycles, without shutting a compressor prime mover down, to preserve air flow in a conditioned space. First, second and third controllable valves respectively: (1) select main and auxiliary condensers, (2) open and close a liquid line, and (3) open and close a line which provides a warm liquid to an economizer heat exchanger. The valves are controlled in at least one predetermined open/close pattern during a null cycle, and preferably in a plurality of selectable predetermined open/close patterns, to provide a null cycle at any instant which substantially matches the net heat gain or loss taking place in the conditioned space. Thus, the temperature of the served space will be more apt to remain in a null temperature range close to set point, providing smoother and more accurate control over the temperature of the conditioned space for longer shelf life of perishables stored therein. The system achieves the latter by controlling a bypass value according to the load of the compressor.
136 citations