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Gastrochaenolites

About: Gastrochaenolites is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 148 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2831 citations.


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TL;DR: In this paper, an occurrence of the trace fossil Teredolites clavatus crowded within the top surface of a coal layer is described and illustrated; the coal, of Late Cretaceous (early Maestrichtian) age, underlies a mud-filled channel in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation near Drumheller, Alberta, Canada.
Abstract: An occurrence of the trace fossil Teredolites clavatus crowded within the top surface of a coal layer is described and illustrated. The coal, of Late Cretaceous (early Maestrichtian) age, underlies a mud-filled channel in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation near Drumheller, Alberta, Canada. Deposited under estuarine conditions, the coal was buried, and later re-exposed in the floor of a marine channel, where it was bored extensively by pholadid bivalves of the genus Martesia. Xylic substrates contrast in many ways with lithic substrates. The distinction between the two ichnogenera for club- shaped borings introduced by Leymerie (1842)--Teredolites in woody substrates, Gastrochaenolites in lithic substrates--is upheld. Furthermore, the compacted wooden seafloor does not fall naturally within the softground-firmground-hardground series, but represents a distinct concept, here named woodground. The trace fossil assemblage of the woodground is also highly distinctive in morphology and ecology, and is herein classified as the Teredolites ichnofacies.--Modified journal abstract.

150 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1982-Lethaia
TL;DR: The changing nature of the communities of boring and encrusting taxa found on upward-facing hard-ground has been studied from the standpoints of diversity, faunal composition, and the nature of niches occupied.
Abstract: The changing nature of the communities of boring and encrusting taxa found on upward-facing hard-grounds has been studied from the standpoints of (a) diversity, (b) faunal composition, and (c) nature of the niches occupied. After a rapid initial increase in the early Palaeozoic, diversity remained at much the same level from the Middle Ordovician until the late Cretaceous. However, there is a considerable turnover in the identity of the individual taxa between successive sample intervals. The incoming and outgoing of the major groups parallel their fortunes in the marine realm as a whole. Niche analysis suggests that the same feeding levels are occupied for most of the history of hardground communities, but Mesozoic faunas contain a much higher proportion of species with true exoskcletons, or which lived infaunally. The evolution of these forms was probably influenced by the Mesozoic radiation of marine predators and duriphages, but it also resulted in Mesozoic hardground faunas being more resistant than their Palaeozoic counterparts to episodic corrasion. Resulting higher population densities in the Mesozoic were probably one reason why cavity faunas beneath some of these hardground surfaces are more diverse than those beneath Palaeozoic examples. □Hardground, community, evolution.

126 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The island of Rhodes, Greece, was flooded by a tectonically dominated transgression starting in late Pliocene time as discussed by the authors, and the surface in contact with seawater was sculptured by communities of boring and rasping organisms.
Abstract: A limestone karst topography on the island of Rhodes, Greece, was flooded by a tectonically dominated transgression starting in late Pliocene time. Surfaces in contact with seawater were sculptured by communities of boring and rasping organisms. A raised cliff, studied in detail, comprises habitats such as a cliff‐foot platform, steep surfaces along the cliffline, a cave, and overhangs. Each habitat has a distinctive bioerosion sculpture. Four trace fossil suites were recognized, comprising six ichnocoenoses, the work of different endolithic paleocommunities in environments ranging from illuminated, shallow water cliff‐face to aphotic, tranquil inner reaches of the cave. As the transgression progressed, and surfaces were exposed to deepening water, new trace fossils were superimposed on old. Thirty‐one ichnospecies were identified, belonging to Caulostrepsis, Cen‐trichnus, Conchotrema, Entobia, Gastrochaenolites, Gnathichnus, Maeandropolydora, Oichnus, Phrixichnus (new), Radulichnus, Ren‐ichnus, Rogerella...

124 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify a set of club-shaped structures rimming mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber from Myanmar, previously misdiagnosed as fungal sporocarps, are shown to be domichnia (crypts) of martesiine bivalves (Pholadidae: Martesiinae).
Abstract: Clavate (club-shaped) structures rimming mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber from Myanmar, previously misdiagnosed as fungal sporocarps, are shown to be domichnia (crypts) of martesiine bivalves (Pholadidae: Martesiinae). They are similar in form to Teredolites clavatus Leymerie, 1842 and Gastrochaenolites lapidicus Kelly & Bromley, 1984; however, the former identification is preferable, given that they are martesiine crypts in amber as opposed to a lithic substrate. Cross-cutting relationships between the clavate features and inclusions in the amber demonstrate that the features post-date hardening of the resin. The fills of the crypts are variable, including sand grade sediment of very fine to coarse sand grainsize, and sparry calcite cements. In some cases, the articulated valves of the pholadid bivalve responsible are visible inside the borings. However, one remarkable specimen contains two pairs of articulated shells ‘floating’ in amber, not associated with crypts; an observation that suggests that the resin was still liquid or soft when the bivalves were trapped in the resin. One individual is associated with an irregular sediment-filled feature and shows shell breakage. Formation of a solid rim around a liquid central volume has been documented in subaqueous bodies of resin in modern swamp forests, and argues for a close proximity between the amber-producing trees and a brackish water habitat for the bivalves. The presence of pyrite as thin films and crystal groups within Burmese amber is further consistent with such a depositional environment. Comparison of the size of pholadid body fossils with growth rates of modern equivalents allows the duration of boring activities to be estimated and suggests that small fossil pholadids in Burmese amber became trapped and died within 1–2 weeks of having settled on the resin. Larger examples present within well-formed domichnia formed in hardened resin. Since ‘hardground’ describes early lithified sediment as a substrate and ‘woodground’ describes wood as a substrate, the term ‘amberground’ is used here to described borings in an amber substrate.

122 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An Entobia is established for trace fossil assemblages dominated by deep tier borings and arising from long-term bioerosion, such as occurs on sediment-free submarine cliffs or hardgrounds as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In bioerosion, as in trace fossils as a whole, deeply emplaced structures have greater survival value than shallow structures. That is to say, tiering (the relative depth to which rasping, etching and boring organisms penetrate their substrate) is of paramount importance for the preservation potential of individual trace fossils. An Entobia ichnofacies is established for trace fossil assemblages dominated by deep tier borings and arising from long-term bioerosion, such as occurs on sediment-free submarine cliffs or hardgrounds. A Gnathichnus ichnofacies comprises assemblages containing all tiers, including superficial sculptures produced by radulation that have very little preservation potential. Such assemblages occur in short-term bioerosion situations as on shell surfaces and hardgrounds buried early by sedimentation.

103 citations


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No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20219
20208
20192
201814
20176
20167