Showing papers on "Gauge boson published in 1980"
TL;DR: In this paper, a solution of the gauge hierarchy problem is given, without any further unnatural condition, a neutrino mass which is hierarchically small compared with the light-charged fermion masses.
988 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the left-handed neutrinos receive masses of order 1eV, which is consistent with recent experiments on neutrino oscillations.
Abstract: Assuming a horizontal symmetry SU_F(n), we demonstrate a possibility that the left-handed neutrinos receive masses of order 1eV, which is consistent with recent experiments on neutrino oscillations. The smallness of the neutrino masses is an indication of a large breaking of the horizontal symmetry.
725 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the infrared cutoff of the massless Yang-Mills field due to high temperature effects cannot be greater than O( g 2 ) T, where g is the effective gauge coupling constant at a finite temperature.
656 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate path integrals for pure SU(2) gauge fields using Monte Carlo techniques, and show that when the string tension is fixed, the coefficient of the asymptotic linear potential between sources between sources in the fundamental representation of the gauge group decays in a manner consistent with perturbative renormalization-group prediction.
Abstract: Using Monte Carlo techniques, we evaluate path integrals for pure SU(2) gauge fields. Wilson's regularization procedure on a lattice of up to ${10}^{4}$ sites controls ultraviolet divergences. Our renormalization prescription, based on confinement, is to hold fixed the string tension, the coefficient of the asymptotic linear potential between sources in the fundamental representation of the gauge group. Upon reducing the cutoff, we observe a logarithmic decrease of the bare coupling constant in a manner consistent with the perturbative renormalization-group prediction. This supports the coexistence of confinement and asymptotic freedom for quantized non-Abelian gauge fields.
587 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a general definition of symmetries of gauge fields is proposed and a method developed for constructing symmetric fields for an arbitrary gauge group, where scalar fields occur naturally in the formalism and pure gauge theory reduces to a Higgs model in lower dimensions.
Abstract: A general definition of symmetries of gauge fields is proposed and a method developed for constructing symmetric fields for an arbitrary gauge group. Scalar fields occur naturally in the formalism and the pure gauge theory reduces to a Higgs model in lower dimensions.
567 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a method was described for dealing with very heavy particles, by constructing a gauge-invariant effective field theory, in which the heavy particles do not appear, and the running strong and electroweak effective couplings become equal to the original gauge coupling at different renormalization scales.
502 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an independent discussion of these field theories is given, based on a hierarchy of generalized Christoffel symbols with simple gauge transformation properties, and the necessity of certain constraints on gauge fields and parameters is easily seen.
Abstract: Free-field theories for symmetric tensor and tensor-spinor gauge fields have recently been obtained which describe massless particles of arbitrary integer or half-integer spin. An independent discussion of these field theories is given here, based on a hierarchy of generalized Christoffel symbols with simple gauge transformation properties. The necessity of certain constraints on gauge fields and parameters is easily seen. Wave equations and Lagrangians are expressed in terms of the Christoffel symbols, and the independent modes of the system are counted in covariant gauges. Minimal-coupling inconsistency and a combined system of higher-spin boson gauge fields interacting with relativistic particles is discussed.
307 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider a class of gauge theories in which chiral fermion fields are coupled to gauge fields, and they show that the breakdown appears to occur in a sequence of steps leading to a hierarchy of mass scales.
302 citations
269 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the possibility that QCD-like theories can lead to massless or near-massless composite fermions, and they use the complementarity principle to analyze a theory as if the Higgs phenomenon occurred and then reinterpret the results in the language of composite gauge singlets.
218 citations
CERN1
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that if the unbroken gauge group is abelian, all solutions with higher topological charges belong to p -parameter families, where p is the number of position and group orientation parameters needed to describe a set of noninteracting fundamental monopoles with the given topological charge.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors give a brief description of a family of models which generalize the non-linear σ-model, and possess a local gauge invariance without containing explicitly a gauge field.
TL;DR: In this paper, the consequences of a model for neutrino oscillations due to Zee involving extra Higgs bosons are developed. And the model leads naturally to large amplitude oscillations.
TL;DR: The spectrum of initial cosmological perturbations posited by Zel'dovich and co-workers for the pancake theory of galaxy formation has been shown to follow from grand unified gauge theories as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The spectrum of initial cosmological perturbations posited by Zel'dovich and co-workers for the pancake theory of galaxy formation has (i) adiabatic perturbations only, and (ii) constant perturbation amplitude on all scales at their respective horizon times. Assumption (i) has recently been shown to follow from grand unified gauge theories. This paper shows that assumption (ii) may also be a consequence of spontaneous symmetry-breaking at sufficiently high temperatures. In this case the Universe may have been exactly Friedmannian originally. In a classical, U(1) Abelian Higgs model, the scale-independent dimensionless size of perturbations is here calculated to be ?T00/T00 ~ (8?/3)(Tc/m*)2 where m* is the Planck mass (1019 GeV) and Tc is the critical temperature of spontaneous symmetry-breaking, related to the mass of the gauge boson of the symmetry group. For the pancake model, one needs Tc ~ 1017 GeV.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the large distance behavior of gauge theories is stable, within certain limits, with respect to the addition of non-invariant interactions at small distances.
TL;DR: In this article, the superpartner of the massless spin-3 2 goldstino is axially coupled to leptons and quarks, and neutrino scattering experiments restrict its mass to less than 300 MeV/c2, approximately.
01 Sep 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, a new form of description of free massless fields with arbitrary spin s(s> or = 3/2), using nonsymmetric tensors and spin-tensors analogous to the tetrad field in gravitation, is proposed.
Abstract: A new form of description of free massless fields with arbitrary spin s(s> or =3/2), using nonsymmetric tensors and spin-tensors analogous to the tetrad field in gravitation, is proposed. In these terms, N = 1 supersymmetry transformations for the multiplets (s, s+1/2) are obtained. The properties of the antisymmetric spin-tensors are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, it is argued that the perturbation expansion is asymptotic for the gauge invariant correlation functions, but not for the non-perturbative defect-like field configurations.
TL;DR: The existence of several generations of quarks and leptons suggests the possibility of a gauge symmetry connecting the different generations as mentioned in this paper, and the neutral gauge bosons of such a scheme would mediate rare processes such as K L 0 → μ ±, K + → π + e − π+, μ N→eN and would contribute to ΔM (K S 0 −K L 0 ).
TL;DR: In this paper, the spinor-subquark model of leptons and quarks is discussed in detail and the possibility that gauge bosons and Higgs scalars are also made of a subquark-antisubquark pair is discussed.
Abstract: Various subquark models so far proposed are briefly reviewed. Classifications of leptons and quarks in the models are discussed and compared. Our spinor-subquark model of leptons and quarks in which leptons and quarks are made of three subquarks of spin \textonehalf{} is discussed in detail. The possibility that gauge bosons and Higgs scalars are also made of a subquark-antisubquark pair is discussed. Exotic states of subquarks such as leptons and quarks of spin $\frac{3}{2}$, exotic fermions, and exotic bosons are predicted in our model. Subquark currents and their algebra are proposed. Two unified subquark models of strong and electroweak interactions are discussed. The one is a gauge model and the other is a model of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio type. A subquark model of gravity and its supergrand unification is proposed. Finally, a speculation is made on "color-space correspondence."
TL;DR: In this article, a translational gauge theory of gravitation was proposed for macroscopic matter and it was shown that it deviates from Einstein's theory in fifth order of the post-newtonian approximation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors apply the weak field approximation to the most general general gravitational field equations in Poincare gauge theory and show that there are two routes to arrive at the Newtonian potential.
Abstract: We apply the weak field approximation to the most general gravitational field equations in Poincare gauge theory. The weak gravitational field h., is a multimass field obeying a fourth-order field equation. In the Newtonian approximation we show that there are two routes to arrive at the Newtonian potential. The torsion field is decomposed into six irre ducibe building blocks with spinparlty, 2+, z-, 1+, 1-, o+ and o-, each of which obeys the Klein-Gordon equation. Finally, we construct a possible candidate for the massless graviton field which obeys the linearized Einstein equation.
TL;DR: In this article, the concepts of global and local symmetry as applied to elementary particles are discussed, and the development of gauge theories of forces based on symmetries, including Electrodynamics, Quantum Electrogenics, Yang-Mills Theory, the Weinberg-Salam Ward Model and Quantum Chromodynamics, are reviewed.
Abstract: The author discusses the concepts of global and local symmetry as applied to elementary particles. He then reviews the development of gauge theories of forces based on symmetries, including Electrodynamics, Quantum Electrodynamics, Yang-Mills Theory, the Weinberg-Salam-Ward Model and Quantum Chromodynamics.
TL;DR: In this article, the standard electroweak gauge model was generalized to SU(2) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} U(1), which has twice the number of gauge bosons of the standard model.
Abstract: We show how the standard electroweak gauge model can be naturally generalized to SU(2) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} U(1) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} SU(2)', which has twice the number of gauge bosons of the standard model. All known fermions transform with respect to SU(2) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} U(1); spontaneous symmetry breaking is achieved with a scalar quartet which links SU(2) and SU(2)' and the usual scalar doublet. The interaction Hamiltonian at low energy reproduces the low-energy phenomenology of the standard model. The high-energy predictions of the model are explored. One $W$ and one $Z$ are less massive than the corresponding bosons of the standard model. These light bosons are relatively narrow, with total widths typically 50 MeV. Cross sections for light $Z$ and $W$ production in ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collisions and hadron collisions are given. A $Z$ mass as low as 32 GeV is compatible with existing measurements; the most stringent present limit is set by the ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilation cross section.
TL;DR: In this article, Monte Carlo measurements of plaquette-plaquette correlations in the 4-dimensional SU(2) lattice gauge theory are reported and the glue ball mass is estimated to be m g = (3.7 ± 1.2)√ K, where K is the string tension.
TL;DR: In this paper, the phase transitions in Z N symmetric spin and gauge theories can be understood as being caused by condensations of topological excitations, and the correspondence between these models and the recent theory of two-dimensional melting of Halperin and Nelson is discussed.