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Showing papers on "Gauge boson published in 1997"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider general aspects of N = 2 gauge theories in three dimensions, including their multiplet structure, anomalies and non-renormalization theorems.

683 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the energy density of the wall in strongly coupled Yang-Mills theories is shown to be exactly the same as in the strong coupling regime, and a general mechanism is suggested to lead to massless gauge bosons localized on the wall.

493 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of gauge dependence in relativistic perturbation theory has been studied and the Taylor expansion of tensor fields under the action of one-parameter families (not necessarily groups) of diffeomorphisms is studied.
Abstract: We consider in detail the problem of gauge dependence that exists in relativistic perturbation theory, going beyond the linear approximation and treating second- and higher-order perturbations. We first derive some mathematical results concerning the Taylor expansion of tensor fields under the action of one-parameter families (not necessarily groups) of diffeomorphisms. Secondly, we define gauge invariance to an arbitrary order n. Finally, we give a generating formula for the gauge transformation to an arbitrary order and explicit rules to second and third order. This formalism can be used in any field of applied general relativity, such as cosmological and black hole perturbations, as well as in other spacetime theories. As a specific example, we consider here second-order perturbations in cosmology, assuming a flat Robertson - Walker background, giving explicit second-order transformations between the synchronous and the Poisson (generalized longitudinal) gauges.

349 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, low-energy absorption cross sections for various particles falling into extreme non-dilatonic branes are calculated using string theory and world-volume field theory methods.

323 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Ofer Aharony1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed IR-dual descriptions for d = 3 N = 2 supersymmetric gauge theories with USp(2N2) and U(Nc) and matter in the fundamental representation.

321 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the origin of enhanced gauge symmetry in ALE (and K3) compactification of M theory, either defined as the strong coupling limit of the type IIa superstring, or as defined by Banks et al.
Abstract: We discuss the origin of enhanced gauge symmetry in ALE (and K3) compactification of M theory, either defined as the strong coupling limit of the type IIa superstring, or as defined by Banks et al. In the D-brane formalism, wrapped membranes are D0 branes with twisted string boundary conditions, and appear on the same footing with the Kaluza-Klein excitations of the gauge bosons. In M(atrix) theory, the construction appears to work for arbitrary ALE metric.

166 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the production of doubly charged Higgs particles via the WW fusion process in proton-proton collisions at LHC energies in the framework of the left-right symmetric model.

165 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the possibilities to define CP and parity in general gauge theories by utilizing the intimate connection of these discrete symmetries with the group of automorphisms of the gauge Lie algebra are studied.

146 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, low energy absorption cross-sections for various particles falling into extreme non-dilatonic branes are calculated using string theory and world-volume field theory methods.
Abstract: Low energy absorption cross-sections for various particles falling into extreme non-dilatonic branes are calculated using string theory and world-volume field theory methods. The results are compared with classical absorption by the corresponding gravitational backgrounds. For the self-dual threebrane, earlier work by one of us demonstrated precise agreement of the absorption cross-sections for the dilaton, and here we extend the result to Ramond-Ramond scalars and to gravitons polarized parallel to the brane. In string theory, the only absorption channel available to dilatons and Ramond-Ramond scalars at leading order is conversion into a pair of gauge bosons on the threebrane. For gravitons polarized parallel to the brane, scalars, fermions and gauge bosons all make leading order contributions to the cross-section, which remarkably add up to the value predicted by classical gravity. For the twobrane and fivebrane of M-theory, numerical coefficients fail to agree, signalling our lack of a precise understanding of the world-volume theory for large numbers of coincident branes. In many cases, we note a remarkable isotropy in the final state particle flux within the brane. We also consider the generalization to higher partial waves of minimally coupled scalars. We demonstrate agreement for the threebrane at l=1 and indicate that further work is necessary to understand l>1.

131 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the appearance of E8 × E8 gauge bosons in banks, Fischler, Shenker, and Susskind's zero brane quantum mechanics approach to M theory, compactified on the interval S 1 Z 2.

108 citations


BookDOI
01 May 1997
TL;DR: Aihara et al. as discussed by the authors showed that top quarks as a window to electroweak symmetry breaking can be viewed as a supersymmetry model and showed that the supersymmetric model can be used to detect anomalous gauge boson interactions.
Abstract: Electroweak symmetry breaking and beyond the standard model, S. Dawson and H.E. Haber weakly-coupled Higgs bosons, J.F. Gunion et al implications of supersymmetry model building, M. Drees and S.P. Martin low energy supersymmetry phenomenology, H. Baer et al strongly-coupled electroweak symmetry breaking - model independent study, M. Golden et al strongly-coupled electroweak symmetry breaking - implications of models, R.S. Chivukula et al discovery and identification of extra gauge bosons, M. Cretic and S. Godfrey new particles and interactions, A. Djovadi et al anomalous gauge boson interactions, H. Aihara et al top quarks as a window to electroweak symmetry breaking, C.T. Hill and M.E. Peskin virtual effects of new physics, J.L. Hewett et al experimental issues at e+e- colliders, T. Barklow and T.W. Markiewicz experimental issues at hadron colliders, H. Aihara et al.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the electroweaklike one-loop supersymmetric contributions to the rare and flavor-violating decay of the top quark into a charm quark and a gauge boson were calculated.
Abstract: We calculate the electroweaklike one-loop supersymmetric contributions to the rare and flavor-violating decay of the top quark into a charm quark and a gauge boson: $t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{cV}$, with $V=\ensuremath{\gamma},Z,g$. We consider loops of both charginos and downlike squarks (where we identify and correct an error in the literature) and neutralinos and uplike squarks (which have not been calculated before). We also account for left-right and generational squark mixing. Our numerical results indicate that supersymmetric contributions to $t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{cV}$ can be up to 5 orders of magnitude larger than their standard model counterparts. However, they still fall short of the sensitivity expected at the next-generation top-quark factories.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the one-loop QCD amplitudes for the decay of an off-shell vector boson with vector couplings into a quark-antiquark pair accompanied by two gluons keeping, for the first time, all orders in the number of colours.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a transition between topologically distinct N = 2 type II Calabi-Yau vacua through points with enhanced non-abelian gauge symmetries together with fundamental charged matter hyper multiplets is described.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the electroweak O(alpha) contribution to the resonant single W production in a general 4-fermion process is discussed with particular emphasis on a gauge invariant decomposition into a QED-like and weak part.
Abstract: The electroweak O(alpha) contribution to the resonant single W production in a general 4-fermion process is discussed with particular emphasis on a gauge invariant decomposition into a QED-like and weak part. The cross section in the vicinity of the resonance can be represented in terms of a convolution of a `hard' Breit-Wigner-cross section, comprising the (m_t,M_H)-dependent weak 1-loop corrections, with an universal radiator function. The numerical impact of the various contributions on the W line shape are discussed, together with the concepts of s-dependent and constant width approach. Analytic formulae for the W decay width are also provided including the 1-loop electroweak and QCD corrections.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the one-loop QCD amplitudes for the decay of an off-shell vector boson with vector couplings into a quark-antiquark pair accompanied by two gluons keeping, for the first time, all orders in the number of colours.
Abstract: We compute the one-loop QCD amplitudes for the decay of an off-shell vector boson with vector couplings into a quark-antiquark pair accompanied by two gluons keeping, for the first time, all orders in the number of colours. Together with previous work this completes the calculation of the necessary one-loop amplitudes needed for the calculation of the next-to-leading order O(alpha_s^3) corrections to four jet production in electron-positron annihilation, the production of a gauge boson accompanied by two jets in hadron-hadron collisions and three jet production in deep inelastic scattering.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a Chern-Simons-like mass-generating mechanism is proposed to preserve parity and is realized nonperturbatively, which preserves parity in three-dimensional gauge theories.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the spectral phenomenology of models in which supersymmetry is dynamically broken and transmitted to the supersymmetric partners of the quarks, leptons and gauge bosons, and the Higgs bosons themselves, via the usual gauge interactions was studied.
Abstract: We study in some detail the spectral phenomenology of models in which supersymmetry is dynamically broken and transmitted to the supersymmetric partners of the quarks, leptons, and gauge bosons, and the Higgs bosons themselves, via the usual gauge interactions. We elucidate the parameter space of what we consider to be the minimal model, and explore the regions which give rise to consistent radiative electroweak symmetry breaking. We include the weak-scale threshold corrections, and show how they considerably reduce the scale dependence of the results. We examine the sensitivity of our results to unknown higher-order messenger-sector corrections. We compute the superpartner spectrum across the entire parameter space, and compare it to that of the minimal supergravity-inspired model. We delineate the regions where the lightest neutralino or {tau} slepton is the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle, and compute the lifetime and branching ratios of the NLSP. In contrast with the minimal supergravity-inspired model, we find that the lightest neutralino can have a large Higgsino component, of order 50{percent}. Nevertheless, the neutralino branching fraction to the gravitino and the light Higgs boson remains small, {approx_lt}10{sup {minus}4}, so the observation of such a decay would point to a nonminimal Higgs sector. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital Themore » American Physical Society}« less


Journal ArticleDOI
Hong-Jian He, W. Kilgore1
TL;DR: In this paper, a new renormalization scheme was proposed for all R{sub {xi} gauges, including both the t Hooft{endash}Feynman and Landau gauges.
Abstract: The electroweak equivalence theorem quantitatively connects the physical amplitudes of longitudinal massive gauge bosons to those of the corresponding {ital unphysical} would-be Goldstone bosons. Its precise form depends on both the gauge-fixing condition and the renormalization scheme. Our previous modification-free schemes have applied to a broad class of R{sub {xi}} gauges including the `t Hooft{endash}Feynman gauge but excluding the Landau gauge. In this paper we construct a new renormalization scheme in which the radiative modification factor C{sub mod}{sup a} is equal to unity for all R{sub {xi}} gauges, including both `t Hooft{endash}Feynman and Landau gauges. This scheme makes C{sub mod}{sup a} equal to unity by specifying a convenient subtraction condition for the would-be Goldstone boson wave function renormalization constant Z{sub {phi}{sup a}}. We build the new scheme for both the standard model and the effective Lagrangian formulated electroweak theories (with either linearly or nonlinearly realized symmetry-breaking sector). Based upon these, a new prescription, called the {open_quotes}divided equivalence theorem,{close_quotes} is further proposed for extending the high energy region applicable to the equivalence theorem. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors showed that the exact O(α)-expander of the YFS exponentiation of the Monte Carlo event generator YFSWW3 is gauge invariant from the standpoint of its radiative effects.
Abstract: We realize, by Monte Carlo event generator methods, the exact O}(\alpha)$ YFS exponentiated calculation of $e^+e^- \to W^+ W^- (\to f_1\bar f'_1 + \bar f_2 f'_2)$ at and beyond LEP2 energies, where the left-handed parts of $f_i$ and $f'_i$ are the respective upper and lower components of an $SU_{2L}$ doublet, $i=1,2$. Our calculation is gauge invariant from the standpoint of its radiative effects and the respective YFS Monte Carlo event generator YFSWW3, wherein both Standard Model and anomalous triple gauge boson couplings are allowed, generates $n(\gamma)$ radiation both from the initial state and from the final $W^+ W^-$. Sample Monte Carlo data are illustrated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss models where N = 1 global supersymmetry is spontaneously broken, at the classical level, in the presence of non-anomalous gauge interactions, with special attention to the behaviour of some four-particle scattering amplitudes in the high and low energy limits.
Abstract: We discuss models where N=1 global supersymmetry is spontaneously broken, at the classical level, in the presence of non-anomalous gauge interactions. We take such models as effective theories, valid up to some suitable scale and arising from supergravity models with a light gravitino, and therefore we allow them to contain non-renormalizable interactions. First, we examine the case where the goldstino is a gauge singlet. We elucidate the model-independent relations between supersymmetry-breaking masses and some associated interactions, with special attention to the behaviour of some four-particle scattering amplitudes in the high- and low-energy limits. The former gives constraints from tree-level unitarity, the latter affects the phenomenological lower bounds on the gravitino mass. In particular, we give new results for the annihilation of photons into gravitinos, and discuss their implications. We then examine the case with no neutral chiral superfields, so that the goldstino is charged, and the gauge symmetry is also broken. In this context, we discuss the singularity structure and the associated unitarity constraints, relating the scales of supersymmetry and gauge symmetry breaking. We conclude by commenting on possible realistic examples, where the broken gauge symmetry is associated with grand or electroweak unification.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that supersymmetric particles with masses at the multi-TeV scale induce nondecoupling effects that break the supersymmetry equivalence of gauge boson couplings.
Abstract: If supersymmetric partners of the known particles have masses at the multi-TeV scale, they will not be directly discovered at planned future colliders and decouple from most observables. However, such superpartners also induce nondecoupling effects that break the supersymmetric equivalence of gauge boson couplings g{sub i} and gaugino couplings h{sub i} through supersymmetric analogues of the oblique corrections. Working within well-motivated theoretical frameworks, we find that multi-TeV scale supersymmetric particles produce deviations at the 1{endash}10{percent} level in the ratios h{sub i}/g{sub i}. Such effects allow one to bound the scale of kinematically inaccessible superpartners through precision measurements of processes involving the accessible superparticles. Alternatively, if all superpartners are found, significant deviations imply the existence of highly split exotic supermultiplets. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use the matrix model description of the D-particle dynamics to study these bound states and find results consistent with the chain of dualities and clarify a number of issues that arise in the application of the matrix mechanics to this system.

Journal ArticleDOI
Chun-Fang Li1
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the vector potential in the so-called Aharonov-Bohm effect is not a gauge transformation of the vacuum, even when α = integer(≠0) (where α = Φ/Φ 0 represents the magnetic flux in the long cylindrical solenoid and Φ 0 = h / e ).
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to show that the vector potential in the so-called Aharonov-Bohm (A-B) effect is not a gauge transformation of the vacuum, even when α = integer(≠0) (where α = Φ / Φ 0 represents the magnetic flux in the long cylindrical solenoid and Φ 0 = h / e ). To this end, it is discussed that the wave function of the electron and the gauge function in a gauge transformation are required to be single-valued so that the Schrodinger wave mechanics and the Maxwell electromagnetic theory are well-formulated. It is also discussed that the gauge transformation of wave functions and the representation change of operators of Kobe's meaning are the same thing.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the local invariance of the discrete action and the ensuing zero modes correspond precisely to the diffeomorphism invariance in the continuum, by carefully relating the fundamental variables in the discrete theory (the edge lengths) to the induced metric components of the continuum.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a set of equations describing the real-time dynamics of modes with spatial momentum of order g2T in high temperature gauge theory is derived, where g is the coupling constant and T is the temperature.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the minimal standard model of quarks and leptons is extended to include just a righthanded partner to nu_tau, which can be added as a gauge symmetry without the appearance of anomalies.
Abstract: If the minimal standard model of quarks and leptons is extended to include just a righthanded partner to nu_tau, then the quantum number B-3L_tau can be added as a gauge symmetry without the appearance of anomalies. A suitable extension of the scalar sector allows one neutrino to have a seesaw mass, and the other two to have radiative masses, with acceptable phenomenological values for neutrino oscillations. The B-3L_tau gauge boson may be light and be observable through its decay into tau^+ tau^-.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: GENTLE/4fan as discussed by the authors is a Fortran program for semi-analytic computation of cross sections and distributions in four-fermion production in e+e− annihilation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the duality of D 6-branes wrapping around 3-cycles of Calabi-Yau threefolds in type IIA string theory.