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Showing papers on "Gelatin published in 1968"



Patent
08 Jan 1968
TL;DR: A DRY SOLID MEDICINAL DOSAGE FORM COMPRISING A MEDICINE AGENT, the reaction product of GELATIN with N-ACETYLHOMOCysteine THIOLACTONE HAVING an average MOLECULAR WEIGHT of from 10,000 to 500,000 and having an average number of 6.5 to 30-SH EQUIVALENTS per 100,000 GRAMS and ACCELERATING AGENT (HARDENING OR SULFYDRYL CROSS-LINKING AGENT WH
Abstract: A DRY SOLID MEDICINAL DOSAGE FORM COMPRISING A MEDICINAL AGENT, THE REACTION PRODUCT OF GELATIN WITH N-ACETYLHOMOCYSTEINE THIOLACTONE HAVING AN AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF FROM 10,000 TO 500,000 AND HAVING AN AVERAGE OF FROM ABOUT 3.5 TO ABOUT 30-SH EQUIVALENTS PER 100,000 GRAMS AND ACCELERATING AGENT (HARDENING OR SULFYDRYL CROSS-LINKING AGENT WHICH CAN BE A PHARMACOLOGICALLY ACCEPTABLE OXIDIZING AGENT OR BASE) AND ONE OR BOTH OF A NON-DIGESTIBLE HYDROPHILIC COLLOID AND A WATER SOLUBLE MINERAL ACID SALT. THE DOSAGE FORM CONTAINING THE REACTION PRODUCT OF GELATIN WITH N-ACETHLHOMOCYSTEINE THIOLACTONE IN THE UNPOLYMERIZED FORM, I.E., THE PRODUCT IS NOT CROSS-LINKED AND CONTAINS FREE SULFHYDROL GROUPS.

47 citations


Patent
27 Sep 1968
TL;DR: Improved adherence is obtained for sheet material having a hydrophobic film support or base, such as polyester or polyester, by the combination of a vinyl polymer subbing layer arranged directly on the hydrophilic support, the subbing being formed of a copolymer containing at least 45 percent by weight of vinylidene chloride and/or vinyl chloride monomer along with a minor amount of a hyrophilic vinyl monomer with the balance being constituted by any other Vinyl monomer as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Improved adherence is obtained for sheet material having a hydrophobic film support or base, such as a hydrophobic cellulose ester or polyester, by the combination of a vinyl polymer subbing layer arranged directly on the hydrophobic support, the subbing layer being formed of a copolymer containing at least 45 percent by weight of vinylidene chloride and/or vinyl chloride monomer along with a minor amount of a hydrophilic vinyl monomer with the balance being constituted by any other vinyl monomer, and superimposed upon the vinyl subbing layer a layer containing a mixture of gelatin with a copolymer of butadiene and a vinyl monomer containing 30-70 percent by weight of butadiene, the ratio of the gelatin to the butadiene copolymer being in the range of 1:3 to 2:1 by weight. An additional layer can be applied over the gelatin/copolymer layer and constituted by such ingredients as are desirable for the particular utility of the resultant sheet material, such as light-sensitive silver halide emulsion photographic layers, electrophotographic layers containing finely divided photoconductive material such as zinc oxide or some other photosensitive semiconductive material, matte layers containing pigment, diffusion transfer layers containing development nuclei and so on. Alternatively, the ingredients appropriate to some particular ultimate utility can be incorporated into the gelatin/butadiene copolymer layer directly.

34 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The clinical appearance, absorption process, and histopathologic reaction of different types of gelatin (Ophthalmic Gelfilms) used as implants in scleral buckling procedures in the eyes of 19 rabbits and three cats were investigated.
Abstract: The clinical appearance, absorption process, and histopathologic reaction of different types of gelatin (Ophthalmic Gelfilms) used as implants in scleral buckling procedures in the eyes of 19 rabbits and three cats were investigated. Gelatin strips 0.5 mm thick produced a smooth high buckle which disappeared in three months. No ocular complications could be attributed to the implant. In the rabbit complete absorption of the gelatin was dependent on the heating time during processing of the material and on implant thickness. With the standard 18-hour processing the 0.5 mm-thick implants were absorbed within five months. Absorption time was somewhat longer with samples processed for 54 hours. In the cat, tissue reaction was less and absorption of gelatin was slower than in the rabbit.

27 citations


Patent
06 Jun 1968
TL;DR: In this paper, Polymer and Geltatin were shown to be able to react with GELATIN to form covalent bonsets between two groups.
Abstract: POLYMERS COMPRISING UNITS HAVING QUATERNARY NITROGEN GROUPS AND UNITS HAVING REACTIVE ANCHORING GROUPS THEREON WHICH CAN BE REACTED DIRECTLY WITH GELATIN TO FORM COVALENT BONDS BETWEEN SAID POLYMER AND GELATIN. PHOTOGRAPHIC DYE IMBIBITION PRINTING BLANKS COMPRISING SAID POLYMERS EXHIBIT GOOD IMAGE DEFINITION AND LOWER MATRIX POISONING.

27 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the results of a differential thermal analytical and thermogravimetric analytical investigation of various dehydrated gelatins under an atmosphere of nitrogen have been combined with other auxiliary measurements; these have shown that non-oxidative pyrolysis sets in above 200° when the heating rate is between 1° and 10°/min.

26 citations


Patent
05 Aug 1968
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used mild mechanical action such as by toothbrushing to reduce water-insoluble agglomerated particles of polishing agents to smaller impalapable size.
Abstract: Dentifrice containing visible, palpable and esthetically pleasing substantially water-insoluble agglomerated particles of polishing agents. The particles are reduced to smaller impalapable size by mild mechanical action such as by toothbrushing. The agglomerates include water-insoluble polishing agent such as insoluble sodium metaphosphate or dicalcium phosphate and may also contain a binding agent such as gum acacia, gelatin, starch, carboxymethyl cellulose or the like.

22 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 1968
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of gelatin on the surface charge density of colloidal particles was investigated and it was suggested that gelatin reduces the effective surface charge of the colloidal particle, which is then coagulated by smaller amounts of electrolytes.
Abstract: Interactions of gelatin with silver bromide and silver iodide sols of like charges have been studied as a function of gelatin concentration, pH, and addition of neutral electrolytes. Silver halide solsin statu nascendi and aged sols were used in the experiments. Solsin statu nascendi showed a scattering intensity maximum indicating coagulation, while aged sols did not. At higher pH values, the maximum appeared, if sufficient amounts of electrolyte and gelatin were present. It is suggested that gelatin reduces the “effective” surface charge density of the colloidal particles. Such silver halide sols of reduced charge are then coagulated by smaller amounts of electrolytes than the same sols in the absence of gelatin. For very large concentrations of gelatin, close to the gel point, coagulation occurred wheter sols were aged orin statu nascendi.

19 citations


Patent
Lawrence H Lin1
29 Mar 1968
TL;DR: A holographic recording medium comprising a hardened gelatin film sensitized with a chromate or dichromate is described in this article, where exposure effects a change in the index of refraction in the exposed areas of the film which can then be used without further processing, or washed to remove the sensitizer to make a permanent record.
Abstract: A holographic recording medium comprising a hardened gelatin film sensitized with a chromate or dichromate. Exposure effects a change in the index of refraction in the exposed areas of the film, which can then be used without further processing, or washed to remove the sensitizer to make a permanent record.

19 citations


Patent
12 Jan 1968
TL;DR: In this article, the acid precursor (type A) gelatin is used as the encapsulating macrocolloid, particularly applicable to the formation of liquid center microcapsules containing a basic (cationic) nitrogen compound.
Abstract: Process of microencapsulation employing acid precursor (type A) gelatin as the encapsulating macrocolloid, particularly applicable to the formation of liquid center microcapsules containing a basic (cationic) nitrogen compound. For example, an aqueous solution of acid-precursor gelatin is mixed at an alkaline pH with a water-immiscible organic solvent solution of the nitrogen compound, such as an amine or quaternary. The pH of the mixture and the gelatin phase is reduced to at least 4.0 and preferably 3.0 or below, the liquid phases being intermixed to disperse and emulsify the organic solvent phase in the aqueous phase, thereby providing minute droplets of the basic nitrogen containing organic solvent surrounded by the aqueous solution of the acid-precursor gelatin. On the completion of the pH reduction, the gelatin will have formed a coating around the individual droplets to provide encapsulating skins therefor. While the encapsulated droplets can be recovered with some success at the lowest acid pH, it is much preferred to raise the pH to a pH at least above 5.5 and preferably to an alkaline pH before recovering the microcapsules. An auxiliary coating can be applied to the recovered microcapsules by contacting them with an aqueous solution of alkali-precursor gelatin.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the dielectric constant of gels of agar, carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin, mid maize starch, and gelatin was shown to be higher than that of water at low frequencies.
Abstract: At low frequencies, the dielectric constant of gels of agar, carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin, mid maize starch is much higher than that of water. It decreases continuously as the frequency increases, tending to level off at about 108 cps. The dielectric constant is lower the higher the concentration of polymer; it increases in the order: carboxymethyl cellulose, agar, starch, and gelatin. Results are most reasonably explained by assuming a more solid structure of water the lower the dielectric constant.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the adsorption heat of gelatin on AgBr was determined calorimetrically in function of the pH for gelatins with high and low isoelectric point (IEP).
Abstract: The adsorption heat of gelatin on AgBr was determined calorimetrically in function of the pH for gelatins with high and low isoelectric point (IEP). The adsorption heat increases for pH-values lower than the IEP and remains constant for the higher pH-values. The differences in adsorption heat are also revealed by competitive adsorption with dyes. The amount of adsorbed gelatin is also strongly pH-dependent. The results obtained completely confirm the hypothesis of Pouradier and Roman concerning the structure of the adsorbed gelatin layer; the first molecules are spread over the AgBr surface so as to form a monolayer. If more gelatin is added a reorganisation of the adsorbed molecules occurs. Segments of one definite molecule are replaced by segments of another one. In this way the quantity of gelatin adsorbed can be multiplied.

Patent
11 Dec 1968
TL;DR: In this paper, Johnson et al. proposed a method to extract collagen from the corium layer of hides and apply it to produce an edible, heat sealable film at least 90% soluble in water at 70 degrees C. and having a tensile strength of 10,000 pounds per square inch.
Abstract: 1,219,463. Collagen film. JOHNSON & JOHNSON. 20 May, 1968, No. 23914/68. Heading B5B. An edible, heat sealable film at least 90% soluble in water at 70‹ C. and has a tensile strength of at least 10,000 pounds per square inch comprises collagen; the molecular weight of which has been altered by contact with a dilute acid solution of a proteolytic enzyme, and it has a free tyrosine to hydroxy-proline ratio of at least 0A062. The collagen may be obtained from the corium layer of hides. Proteolytic enzymes which may be used are bromelain, ficin, papain and proteolytic enzymes produced from genus aspergillus. Plasticers such as glycerine, sorbitol, propyleneglycol or corn syrup may be added to the modified collagen in amounts up to 50% by weight of the dry collagen solids. In addition, other film ingredients, such as, starch, vegetable gum, vegetable cooking oil, edible cellulose derivatives, gelatin, flavouring agents, colouring agents, anti-oxidants and emulsifiers may be added to the enzyme-modified collagen. Films of the enzyme-modified collagen may be prepared by grinding an aqueous slurry of collagen together with an enzyme and acidifying the mixture with an edible, non-toxic acid, such as citric acid. The acid-swollen collagen is stored for several hours at room temperature, then homogenized and de-aerated before it is extruded to form a film.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effects of sodium chloride, urea, and guanidine hydrochloride, in conjunction with u.v. difference spectra, on various biopolymeric, gelatin complexes are discussed in terms of the electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding forces most probably responsible for specific polymer-gelatin, precipitin-reactions.


Patent
10 May 1968
TL;DR: SOUR CREAM POWDER is PREPARED by adding a COATING ASSISTant selected from the group consisting of GUM ACACIA, GUM TRAGACANTH, CORN, WHEAT and POTATO STARCHES, ACID MODIFIED STARCHS, PHOSPHATED STARCHs, ENZYME MODIFIED StarCHs of the PREVIOUS GROUPS, DEXTRINS, PECTINS, CARBOXYMETHyl CELLULOSE, NONFAT MILK SOLIDS,
Abstract: SOUR CREAM POWDER IS PREPARED BY ADDING A COATING ASSISTING AGENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF GUM ACACIA, GUM TRAGACANTH, CORN, WHEAT AND POTATO STARCHES, ACID MODIFIED STARCHES, PHOSPHATED STARCHES, ENZYME MODIFIED STARCHES OF THE PREVIOUS GROUPS, DEXTRINS, PECTINS, CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE, NONFAT MILK SOLIDS, GELATIN AND CASEIN, HOMOGENIZING THE MIXTURE SPRAY DYRING. PREFERABLY A PHOSPHATE IS ADDED AS A PROTEIN PEPTIZING AGENT, THE PRODUCTS WITH OR WITHOUT THE PEPTIZING AGENT ARE READILY REDISPERSIBLE IN WATER TO GIVE STABLE EMULSION.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The amount of precipitin was found to be inverselyrelated to the ionic strength of the solution and, to a lesser extent, inversely related to temperature, suggesting that the quaternary and tertiary structures of collagen played little or no role in the recognition and binding with the anti-collagen sera used.

Patent
24 May 1968
TL;DR: A process of producing a lubricant-containing layer for a photographic material from a coating composition comprising an aqueous hydrophilic colloid solution comprises adding to the coating composition a higher aliphatic carboxylic acid (i.e., one whose calcium salt is substantially insoluble in 10% gelatin solution and which imparts lubricant properties to a gelatin layer containing its calcium salt) and/or a water-soluble salt thereof and (ii) alkaline earth metal ions so that the total ion concentration of the solution is in stoichiometric excess of the
Abstract: 1,263,722 Coated sheet material KODAK Ltd 22 May, 1969 [24 May, 1968], No 24865/ 68 Heading B2E [Also in Division G2] A process of producing a lubricant-containing layer for a photographic material from a coating composition comprising an aqueous hydrophilic colloid solution comprises adding to the coating composition (1) a higher aliphatic carboxylic acid (ie one whose calcium salt is substantially insoluble in 10% aqueous gelatin solution and which imparts lubricant properties to a gelatin layer containing its calcium salt) and/or a water soluble salt thereof and (2) alkaline earth metal ions so that the total alkaline earth metal ion concentration of the solution is in stoichiometric excess of the concentration of the carboxylic acid and/or its water-soluble salt and thereafter coating the composition on a substrate The preferred alkaline earth metal in calcium The higher aliphatic carboxylic acid may have 8-18 carbon atoms and is preferably lauric or stearic acid, and the water soluble salt thereof may be the sodium salt The alkaline earth metal ions (2) may be added to the hydrophilic colloid solution before the addition of the acid and/or salt (1) The preferred hydrophilic colloid is gelatin The pH of the coating solution is preferably 58 to 65

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that methionine remains unchanged during the preparation of gelatin provided that the treatments do not involve any added oxidant.
Abstract: Methionine remains unchanged during the preparation of gelatin provided that the treatments do not involve any added oxidant. It is oxidized partially or even completely to methionine sulphoxide when, with the idea of destroying certain impurities, the collagen or gelatin are subjected to purification treatments (hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide, hypochlorite).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Reduced viscosity of a glutaraldehyde-gelatin reaction mixture (40°C, pH 4.5) decreased initially, which implies that the reaction product is resistant to hydrolytic degradation under the specified test conditions, and a lack of intermolecular crosslinking is indicated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Gelatin was used as a test solution to study the intraduodenal hydrolysis of protein in normal subjects and in patients with malabsorption syndromes to find a precise method for the investigation of protein digestion in these conditions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an apparatus has been designed and constructed which allows the rupture properties of dilute gelatin gels to be studied breaking stresses in the range 17×104 to 1×106 dyne cm−2 have been determined; extension at break varied between 46 and 155%
Abstract: An apparatus has been designed and constructed which allows the rupture properties of dilute gelatin gels to be studied Breaking stresses in the range 17×104 to 1×106 dyne cm−2 have been determined; extension at break varied between 46 and 155%

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The spheres and granules were used successfully for the separation of protein molecules and other protein-aceous materials ranging in molecular weight from 200 to greater than 6000000, and it was noticed that the porosity of the spheres differed considerably from that of the granules.
Abstract: 1. The preparation of tanned gelatin spheres and granules from high-molecular-weight gelatin is described. This material is comparatively hard, giving high flow rates, is insoluble in water at temperatures between 0° and 100° and is resistant to digestion by trypsin and chymotrypsin. The high-molecular-weight fraction of gelatin was prepared by precipitation with polyethylene glycol, and the spheres and granules prepared from this fraction were hardened and insolubilized by tanning with either formalin or chromium salts or both. 2. The spheres and granules were used successfully for the separation of protein molecules and other protein-aceous materials ranging in molecular weight from 200 to greater than 6000000. This gel exclusion material has several properties superior to those of other products used for similar purposes. Further, it was noticed that the porosity of the spheres differed considerably from that of the granules.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The addition of 20% polyvinyl alcohol to the incubation medium was found unsatisfactory in preventing this loss which appeared to be overcome by incorporating the reaction mixture into a gelatin film.
Abstract: Glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases diffused from frozen sections of Vicia faba embryos during histochemical incubation. In the liquid incubation medium, the dehydrogenases catalysed the oxidation of substrate and reduction of NADP. NADPH2 thus formed could lead to artifactual deposition of formazan in frozen sections. The addition of 20% polyvinyl alcohol to the incubation medium was found unsatisfactory in preventing this loss which appeared to be overcome by incorporating the reaction mixture into a gelatin film. Equal volumes of 10% gelatin solution in 0.05 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.8, and the enzyme reaction medium containing twice the normal concentration of substrate (0.014 M), of 0.007 M pyridine nucleotide, of 0.02 M KCN and of 0.0024 M NBT in the buffer, were mixed and layered onto polyethylene, and allowed to set in the dark at room temperature for 30-60 min. The solidified medium and its support were cut into strips and layed onto unfixed, frozen sections of plant tissue...


Patent
10 Dec 1968
TL;DR: In this paper, the high molecular weight fraction obtained by fractionation with PEG is chemically hardened e.g. with tanning agents and used in a form of beads for exclusion chromatography and/or ion exchange or as a continuous body for electrophoresis.
Abstract: Selected gelatin, in particular the high molecular weight fraction obtained by fractionation with PEG is chemically hardened e.g. with tanning agents and used in a form of beads for exclusion chromatography and/or ion exchange or as a continuous body for electrophoresis. Ion exchange properties may be suppressed or enhanced as required by chemical treatment of the gelatin or by the choice of conditions during separation (pH, salt content). Ion-exchange properties are calibrated by electroosmosis.

Patent
25 Nov 1968
TL;DR: In this article, a photographic emulsion, containing gelatin and a water soluble carboxyl-containing polymer, is provided on a support by first blending the gelatin with a carbodiimide or isoxazolium slat hardener, and subsequently blending that mixture with the carboxyclic acid to provide a coating material which hardens sufficiently slowly to provide uniform coating.
Abstract: A hardened coating such as a photographic emulsion, containing gelatin and a water soluble carboxyl-containing polymer, is provided on a support by first blending the gelatin with a carbodiimide or isoxazolium slat hardener and subsequently blending that mixture with the carboxyl-containing polymer to provide a coating material which hardens sufficiently slowly to provide uniform coating.