Showing papers on "Gelatin published in 1970"

Proteolytic reaction of mammalian spermatozoa on gelatin membranes.

Abstract: The acrosomes of spermatozoa of several mammalian species show proteolytic activity when applied to fixed gelatin membranes. The technique permits continuous observation of the enzymatic reaction of an individual spermatozoon. Release of the enzyme occurs solely in the region of the acrosome, in a manner which is species-specific.

The Mechanism of Hologram Formation in Dichromated Gelatin

Abstract: Experiments have been performed which lead to the conclusion that dichromated gelatin holograms arise as a result of the formation of an air–gelatin interface, with the observed high diffraction efficiencies resulting from the air–gelatin refractive index differential of 0.52 found at the interface. It is postulated that rapid removal of water by isopropanol in the development process creates strains in the gelatin film which are relieved by splitting. The resultant cracks in the hologram manifest themselves in an obvious location, between the highly exposed planes of cross-linked gelatin. Photomicrographic evidence on Bragg-Lippmann and on plane gratings, liquid gate data, lack of thickness reciprocity for the gratings, and observations of grating thickness employing bandpass measurements comprise the bulk of the experimental work. From these data, a model is proposed that is consistent with all the experimental results for both Bragg-Lippmann and plane gratings.

Freeze-sectioning of plant tissues.

Abstract: Techniques are described for freeze-sectioning a wide range of both fresh and fixed plant tissues. Gelatin-antifreeze media are used to support but not infiltrate the tissue during sectioning. At cryostat temperatures of -10 to -15 C, 15% gelatin (w/v) containing 0.8% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), or 1.5% ethanediol (ethylene glycol), or 2% glycerol is used. Lower concentrations of gelatin and higher concentrations of antifreezes are required for sectioning at -24 C. Petri plates of media are stored at 2 C, and used by simply melting a hole in the medium. Fresh tissues can be placed directly in the hole, or prefrozen at temperature of liquid nitrogen, or equilibrated in antifreeze solution, before freeze-sectioning in the gelatin antifreeze medium. Many plant tissues have highly vacuolated cells and need equilibration in antifreeze solutions prior to freeze-sectioning. Fixed tissues are rehydrated and washed in water or buffer for 15-24 hr before equilibrating in a 10% solution of either DMSO, ethanediol or ...

Sensitized pyrylium photobleachable dye in gelatin

Abstract: A LIGHT SENSITIVE LAYER COMPRISING A GELATIN BINDER, A PHOTO-BLEACHABLE DYE SUCH AS A PYRYLIUM DYE, A PYRIDINUM DYE OR A CYANINE DYE, A SENSITIZER FOR THE DYE E.G., A THIOUREA SENSITIZER, AND IN A PREFERRED ASPECTS, A TANNING AGENT FOR THE GELATIN, WHEN COATED ON A SUITABLE SUPPORT, PROVIDES A NEGATIVE WORKING LITHOGRAPHIC PLATE WHICH, UPON EXPOSURE, BECOMES DIFFERENTIALLY INK AND WATER RECEPTIVE TO SUCH A DEGREE THAT IT MAY BE USED IN A PRINTING OPERATION WITHOUT ADDITIONAL PROCESSING.

Soft gelatin capsule containing high water content fill

Abstract: 1. A FILLED ONE PIECE SOFT LEAK-TIGHT GELATIN CAPSULE CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A SHELL FORMED FROM A FORMULATION COMPRISING GELATIN, INITIALLY 16-40 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF WATER, BASED ON THE TOTAL WEIGHT OF SAID FORMULATION, AND PLASTICIZER, AND A SOLID FILL CONTAINED WITHIN SAID SHELL, SAID FILL CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF: A SET RIGID GEL SYSTEM OF GELATIN, CASEIN, COLLAGEN, ALBUMIN, SOYA PROTEIN, OR SOYA PEPTONE IN THE FROM OF A WATER-SOLUBLE MACROMOLECULAR GEL LATTICE MATRIX WHICH CONTAINS FROM AT LEAST 5% TO AS MUCH AS 20% BY WEIGHT OF WATER, AND AN ACTIVE MEDICINAL INGREDIENT IN AQUEOUS SOLTUION, SUSPENSION OR DISPERSION, THE RATIO OF SAID ACTIVE INGREDIENT TO SAID MATRIX BEING FROM 1:1 TO 7:1 BY WEIGHT, THE WATER IN SAID FILL BEING IN MOISTURE EQUILIBRIUM WITH THE WATER IN SAID SHELL AND HAVING SUBSTANTIALLY NO DETERIORATING EFFECT UPON SAID SHELL.

Animal food and method of making the same

Abstract: A microbiologically stable, substantially neutral, nutritionally balanced semi-plastic non-pasteurized, uncooked animal food composition which consists essentially of (1) a dried proteinaceous food substance, (2) an aqueous matrix including a water soluble colloidal binding and gelling agent selected from the group consisting of gelatin or water soluble gum, the amount of said gum or gelatin ranging from about 1/2 to about 10 percent by weight and (3) a water soluble, low molecular weight solid, liquid or mixture thereof in an amount sufficient to increase the osmotic pressure of the water in which it is dissolved thereby providing a bacteriostatic effect, the moisture content of the food composition ranging from about 15 percent to not greater than 25 percent, all percents by weight being based upon the weight of the total composition. It also concerns a process for preparing said animal food composition by blending a premix of the solids with a proportional amount of a pre-mix of the liquid with high-speed agitation.

Coated gelatin capsules and process for producing same

Abstract: Gelatin capsules filled with an active ingredient or ingredients are protected against solution in the stomach in order that they may reach the intestines and be absorbed therein by providing said capsules with a primary lacquer containing a soluble filmforming colloidal material soluble both in water and in organic solvents and then with a lacquer unaffected by gastric juices and soluble in intestinal juices

Multi-layered, multi-colored desserts

Abstract: Multi-layered desserts having differently colored layers are prepared from a single dry whippable composition comprising gelatin, fat, sugar, emulsifiers for the fat, a fat soluble coloring agent, and a water soluble coloring agent.

Recovery of silver, polyester and amino acids from processed film

Abstract: Recovery of silver, polyester and amino acids from processed silver halide gelatin photographic film.

Dehydrated food coated with edible oil,gelatin,glycerine aqueous emulsion

Abstract: HARDENING OF COATED FOOD ITEMS, SUCH AS DEHYDRATED AND COMPRESSED FOODS COATED WITH AN AQUEOUS EMULSION OF EXIBLE OIL, CASEINATE, GLYCERINE AND GELATIN, WHICH OCCURS UPON EXPOSURE TO TEMPERATURES ABOVE 85*F. IS ELIMINATED WHEN THE MOISTURE LEVEL. OF THE COATED FOOD ITEMS IS HELD BELOW 2% BY WEIGHT.

Thermal Behavior of Aqueous Gelatin Solutions

Abstract: The thermal behavior of aqueous gelatin solutions prepared from deionized bone gelatin has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The peak temperatures of the endotherms associated with the loss of gel structure were found to be a function of the gelation temperature and time. For 10% solutions, the transitions for material gelled for 48 hours at 4, 10, and 22.5°C were observed at 32, 33, and 37°C, respectively. In order to achieve the sensitivity required for evaluating the transition enthalpy, a Du Pont Differential Thermal Analyzer was coupled with a Keithley Microvolt Amplifier, The enthalpy changes calculated from the dsc endotherms for 10% solutions varied from 4 to 7 cal/g of gelatin depending on the gelation time and temperature. Preliminary data obtained for 5% solutions indicate that the thermal behavior is similar to that of the 10% solutions.

Method of forming a mat of fibrous gelatin

Abstract: A PROCESS FOR PREPARING LIGHT, POROUS MATS OF GELATIN FIBERS WHICH COMPRISES PRODUCING A LOW-DENSITY FOAM FROM A 3-25% GELATIN SOLUTION CONTAINING A SURFACTANT, BRINGING SAID FOAM TO A TEMPERATURE AT WHICH GELATION OCCURS, DRYING SAID FOAM, AND CRUSHING THE MEMBRANES OF SAID FOAM. THE MATS ARE USEFUL PACKAGING AND INSULATING MATERIALS, FILTERS AND THERMOPLASTIC ADHESIVES.

Fast setting marshmallow type confection

Abstract: A FAST SETTING CONFECTIONERY CREAM USEFUL IN PREPARING MARSHMALLOWS. CONTAINING SHORTENING, SUGAR, WATER, GELATIN, FLAVORING AND NON-FAT MILK SOLIDS. THE BULK DENSITY IS COMPARABLE TO SLAB MARSHMALLOW AND REQUIRES NO COOKING.

High efficiency filter aid

Abstract: Simultaneously improved flow rate and turbidity removal by adding to the turbid solution to be filtered an animal protein gelatin or glue, or by coating a filter aid with an animal protein gelatin or glue.

Synthetic thermally reversible gel systems. VII

Abstract: Forming and conditioning thermally reversible aqueous gels of polyacrylyglycinamide (PAG) at various temperatures has little effect on either the melting point (Tm) of the gels or the heat of crosslinking (ΔHc) except at temperatures where partial hydrolysis can occur. This is added evidence that unlike with gelatin, crystallite formation does not play a role in gel formation. For unfractioned PAG, the linear relationship between the logarithm of molecular weight and 1/Tm predicted and observed for gelatin gels, does not hold. With mixed gelatin-PAG gels, a gelatin/PAG ratio of ≥4 completely inhibits the formation of a PAG gel network. At lower gelatin/PAG ratios, the PAG network forms, and if gelatin is considered as an inert diluent, normal values for the melting points and ΔHc for PAG gels are observed. At a gelatin/PAG ratio of 4, the presence of PAG reduces the ΔHc for the gelatin gel by inhibiting the formation of as large or as ordered crystallite crosslinks. To reconcile the problem of aggregation preceding gelation one can assume that Mw of an aggregate is a linear function of C2. If this is done, the same relationship which normally relates C with Tm is obtained. The equilibrium swelling of PAG films in water at 25°C is markedly molecular weight-de-pendent and can vary from below 5 to about 40 wt-% polymer at equilibrium. It has been found that long-term dark storage of dry samples of PAG under ambient temperature conditions results in pronounced decreases in the intrinsic viscosities of their aqueous solutions. It is speculated that this results from weak links, perhaps peroxy, in the polymer backbone. The possible relationship of this phenomenon to the slow stage of the viscosity deterioration of aqueous polyacrylamide solutions is pointed out. The higher viscosity of low DP PAG in 2M NaCNS compared to H2O and the larger percentage increse of [η] with increasing temperature in the latter, verify the greater solvent power of 2M aqueous thiocyanate for PAG. At a concentration level of 3%, aqueous PAG solutions are almost Newtonian whereas at higher concentrations (5%), the viscosity decreases appreciably with increasing rates of shear. The copolymerization of AG with isopropylacrylamide has been studied and the somewhat unusual results discussed. Copolymers containing an AG mole fraction greater than 0.40 do not exhibit a cloud point up to 100°C. If the isopropylacrylamide mole fraction approaches 0.60, the solutions do not gel down to 0°C. This ability to prepare copolymers over a narrow composition range that neither gel or undergo phase separation in the temperature range 0–100°C is probably related to the random distribution of monomer units in the copolymer backbone.

Method of improving coloring agent crocking fastness of polymeric alcohol films

Abstract: THE OVERCOATING OF A COLORED POLYMERIC ALCOHOL FILM SUBSTRATE, SUCH AS A CELLULOSIC SAUSAGE CASING, WHILE IN THE GEL STATE, WITH A COATING SOLUTION CONTAINING A WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMER HAVING AT LEAST TWO REACTIVE FUNCTIONAL GROUPS THEREIN (E.G. GELATIN, GUM ARABIC, GUM TRAGACANTH, OR EGG ALBUMIN) AND A DIFUNCTIONAL OR POLYFUNCTIONAL CROSS-LINKING AGENT (E.G. DIISOCYANATES OR POLYEPOXIDES, ETC.), FOLLOWED BY HEATING AND DRYING THE COATING TO INSOLUBILIZE THE SAME, IMPROVES THE COLORING AGENT CROCKING FASTNESS AND THE ADHESION OF PRINTING INK SUBSEQUENTLY APPLIED THERETO. THE POLYMER AND CROSS-LINKING GENT IN THE SOLUTION MUST BE COMPATIBLE, I.E. NOT REACTIVE WITH WATER OR WITH EACH OTHER AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURES. A SIMILAR EFFECT CAN BE OBTAINED BY FIRST COATING THE GEL POLYMERIC ALCOHOL FILM SUBSTRATE WITH AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF THE WATERSOLUBLE POLYMER AND INSOLUBILIZING THE COATING BY TREATMENT WITH A CROSS-LINKING AGENT IN A SEPARATE STEP.

Method for forming dye image using an electrophotographic developer containing a gelatin toner

Abstract: A color printing process which comprises the steps of (1) processing with an acid an electrophotographic sensitive layer of a photoconductor mainly consisting of photoconductive zinc oxide, the layer having a gelatin image prepared by forming an electrostatic latent image on the layer and then converting the latent image into the gelatin layer by processing with an electrophotographic developer containing fine particles of gelatin, whereby the zinc oxide contained in the electrophotographic sensitive layer is removed, (2) bringing the gelatin layer into contact with a solution of a dye in a solvent mainly consisting of water to provide the dye to the gelatin image, (3) rinsing the layer with acid water to remove the excessive solution of the dye wetting the gelatin image, whereby the dye is once insolubilized, and (4) bringing the dyed gelatin image into contact with a layer capable of being readily dyed by the dye to transfer the dye onto the layer.

Process for the production of electrophotographic liquid developer containing gelatin

Abstract: A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A LIQUID DEVELOPER FOR DEVELOPING AN ELECTROSTATIC LATENT IMAGE WHICH COMPRISES THE STEPS OF (1) DISPERSING IN AN ORGANIC SOLVENT WHICH IS MISCIBLE WITH WATER BUT IS A NON-WOLVENT FOR GELATIN, AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF GELATIN, THE CONCENTRATION OF THE GELATIN BEING IN THE RANGE OF APPOXIMAGELY 1 TO 20% BY WEIGHT, OR A SOLUTION OF GELATIN IN A MIXED SOLVENT OF WATER AND AN ALCOHOL PREPARED BY INCORPORATING IN THE AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF GELATIN AN ALCOHOL IN AN AMOUNT CAUSING NO PRECIPITATION OF THE GELATIN TO PROVIDE A DISPERSION OF GELATIN GRAINES WHERE THE AMOUNT OF THE ORGANIC SOLVENT IS AT LEAST TEN TIMES THE AMOUNT OF THE AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF GELATIN OR THE SOLUTION OF GELATIN IN THE MIXED SOLVENT OF WATER AND ALCOHOL TO BE ADDED THERETO, (2) ADDING TO THE RESULTANT DISPERSION OF GELATIN A SOLUTION OF A RESIN WHICH IS INSOLUBLE IN THE ORGANIC SOLVENT FOR SAID GELATIN DISPERSION BUT SOLUBLE IN A CARRIER LIQUID HAVING AN ELECTRIC RESISTANCE OF HIGHER THAN 10**10 CM. TO COPRECIPIATE THE GELATIN GRAINS AND THE RESIN, AND (3) ADDING THE PRECIPITATES OF THE GELATIN GRAINS AND THE RESIN TO THE CARRIER LIQUID MENTIONED ABOVE.

Electrolyte Content of Commercial Gelatin Products and Sweetened Liquid Mixtures in Treatment of Diarrhea

Abstract: * Chief, Pediatric Department, U. S. Public Health Service Hospital, 77 Warren Street, Brighton, Mass. 02135. Mention of commercial products in this paper does not necessarily imply endorsement by the Public Health Service. HOME management of acute idiopathic diarrhea in childhood has always been a subject of interest and discussion to physicians in practice. Textbooks of Pediatrics advise 1 giving solution mixtures of carbohydrates and electrolytes orally, while warning against excessive administration of electrolytes. Commercially-prepared multielectrolyte solutions sometimes are prescribed, but since these are relatively expensive, homemade mixtures of sugar, salt and water are ordered frequently. Regrettably, the threat of hypertonic dehydration from errors in home preparation of these solutions keeps many physicians from advising them. Recently, in our community, pediatricians have been suggesting to the parents of their patients with acute diarrhea that they offer commercial gelatin preparations or sweetened

Differential thermal analysis of thermally reversible gels

Abstract: A thermally reversible gel is one which on the application of heat reverts to a fluid. The latter, on cooling, again undergoes gel formation. Thermally reversible gels are not only scientifically interesting but are also of commercial importance. Gelatin gels form the basis of photographic silver halide emulsion preparation. Aqueous gels of agar-agar are used as media for bacterial cultures, and pectin and gelatin for the manufacture of certain gelling food products.

Phase state of the gelatin-dextran-water system

Abstract: Above the gelling temperature the system gelatin-dextran-water features a low critical blending temperature.

Improvements in or relating to Gelatin Coating Compositions

Abstract: 1,201,940. 940. Photographic silver halide emulsions. GAF CORP. Nov.15, 1967 [Nov.16, 1966; Aug.1, 1967], No.51936/67. Heading G2C. [Also in Division C3] A gelatine composition, such as a photographic silver halide emulsion, contains piperonal or is prepared using a gelatine which has been digested with piperonal. The gelatine may be bone gelatine or pigskin gelatine. In Examples, silver halide emulsions are prepared both using gelatine pretreated with piperonal and by adding piperonal at the chemical ripening stage. Other ingredients of the emulsions are gold thiocyanate, sodium thiosulphate, hydrazine, stannous chloride and thioacetamide.

Gelatino-silver halide emulsions containing water-soluble acrylamide copolymers

Abstract: Silver halide gelatin emulsions useful in preparing photographic films having improved covering power using a water-soluble acrylamide copolymer in an amount from 2 to 75 weight percent, based on total weight of gelatin.