Showing papers on "Gelatin published in 1979"

Phase Separation and Gelation in Gelatin Gels

Abstract: We present evidence for the existence of phase separation in gelatin gels having methanol-water mixtures as the gel fluid. The curves for the liquid-gel transition and the spinodal line were determined using measurements of viscosity and of scattered or transmitted light intensity, respectively. For the 30%-methanol-water mixture, the gelation curve terminates at the critical point. We also analyze the observed phase equilibria of the gels with a simple mean-field theory.

An analysis of the water binding in gels

Abstract: The water-binding properties of four gelling macromolecules (carrageenan, agar, potato starch and gelatin) were studied through measurement of the vapor pressure of water in the gels, suction pressure and Flory-Huggins x-value developed by the gel, and reduced mobility of water protons as measured by the spin lattice relaxation time from NMR. The difference in water binding between gels could be explained based on hydrogen bonding of water to specific sites and between water molecules; induced water-water interactions due to hydrophobic regions on the macromolecule; and dipole interactions of water with the ionic sites on the macromolecule. The suction pressure method shows carrageenan and agar to be the best water binders at low concentrations which is illustrated by a decreased x-value with increased concentration. Gelatin and starch show opposite behavior. The NMR results indicate a different order of water binding due to the difference in cooperative bonding. In this case agar was the best water binder at low aw and gelatin the poorest. This study shows the difficulty that could arise in using only one index of water binding.

Releasing incompatible pharmaceuticals from capsules - by including a second capsule inside the first

Abstract: The capsules have, inside the standard hard gelatin capsule, >=1 additional hard gelatin capsule with same or different dissolution characteristics. Inside the inner capsule is the same or different pharmaceutical carrier in same or different formulation, or a mixt. of various formulations. The hard gelatin may be replaced by other suitable capsule material, e.g., the inner capsule is of soft gelatin. Used for administration of medicines with physicochemical and/or pharmacokinetic incompatibilities such as vitamins and enzymes. The incompatible components can be kept apart during storage without need for special formulations and additional additives. By controlling capsule solubility, the time and position of release of ingredients can be regulated.

Instant yogurt composition

Abstract: An instant powdered yogurt composition is prepared containing lactobacillus culture, deactivated yogurt powder, a gelling agent, a hydrocolloid gum and a food acidulent. A preferred, gelling agent, hydrocolloid gum and acidulent is gelatin, locust bean gum and a mixture of acid whey and citric acid, respectively.

The Manufacture and Tumour Cell Uptake of Nanoparticles Labelled with Fluorescein Isothiocyanate

Abstract: Nanoparticles with a diameter of between 100 and 800 nm can be made from gelatin or albumin using a desolvation and hardening technique. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) can be bound to the surface of such nanoparticles. The conjugated gelatin nanoparticles were phagocytozed by some experimental tumour lines.

Two-piece hardshell, soluble and digestible liquid containing gelatin capsule

Abstract: An elongated, two-piece, hardshell, digestible gelatin capsule, to be taken orally, comprising a C-shaped body member into which may be inserted a liquid, and a digestible hard-shell gelatin cap member formed with a stepped free marginal edge portion complementary to the body member, telescopically registrable with the free upper end of the body and welded thereto in overlapping hermetically sealing, closing relation.

Hydrolysis of urea by gelatin‐immobilized urease: Separation of kinetic and diffusion phenomena in a model immobilized‐enzyme‐reactor system

Abstract: Experiments and appropriate mathematical models are presented in an attempt to elucidate and separate the effects of mass transfer and immobilization on the apparent kinetics of hydrolysis of urea by urease immobilized within a crosslinked gelatin film. Diffusion of urea through the gelatin matrix appears to exert the major influence on the observed kinetics. Diffusion coefficients are measured, and a model for the "effectiveness factor" is presented, accounting for this aspect of mass transfer control. A secondary, but significant, influence on apparent kinetics arises because the reaction products lead to an increased pH level which, because of diffusion resistance, remains high within the gelatin matrix. For pH levels in the 6.7 to 9.0 range the activity of urease is a strongly decreasing function of pH. An approximate model accounting for ionic equilibrium allows this pH-diffusion effect to be introduced in such a way as to lead to predictions of the apparent kinetics that are compared with experimental observations. Examination of these results indicates that the immobilization procedure leads to some loss of activity due to an interaction of the gelatin crosslinking reaction with the enzyme itself.

Precipitation of calcium phosphates under conditions of double diffusion in collagen and gels of gelatin and agar.

Abstract: One-dimensional double diffusion was applied to determine critical concentrations at which the precipitation of calcium phosphates occurs in reconstituted connective tissue collagen and agar gels at 37°C and in gelatin gels at 25°C. Experiments were performed in the presence of unbuffered 0.15 mol dm−3 NaCl, or 0.15 mol dm−3 NaCl-veronal adjusted to pH 7.4. It was found that critical concentrations of precipitation of both precipitating components, CaCl2 and phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), were equimolar and independent of the ratios of initial concentrations of the components. Critical concentrations of precipitation were not affected by the concentrations and kinds of gels used. The first-formed precipitates showed amorphous structure by X-ray diffraction analyses. Infrared (IR) spectra of the precipitates indicated CaHPO4 · H2O to be their predominant species. The molar Ca/P ratio obtained by chemical analyses was 1.08. This precipitate transformed in time into octacalcium phosphate. In all experiments, two very thin membranes of precipitate were formed in the gel column at the onset of precipitation simultaneously on both sides of the actual disc of precipitate. IR spectra and chemical analyses showed that both membranes were identical to the actual precipitation discs.

Suspending medium for immunologic reactions

Abstract: A low ionic strength suspending medium for immunologic reactions which includes a salt solution, a buffer, gelatin, albumin, and an organic solute to control osmolality.

Biosynthetic polymeric compositions

Abstract: Biosynthetic polymeric compositions containing polyacrylate polymer, humectants such as glycerol, proteinaceous material such as gelatin, and water are prepared. The compositions are suitable for treatment of burns or other wounds and may be applied directly or in the form of a prepared film. The film may include a strengthening nylon mesh matrix.

Anti-fouling marine paints containing microencapsulated anti-fouling agents and the process of microencapsulation

Abstract: A process for microencapsulating water-immiscible chemicals is disclosed which comprises mixing a colloidal solution of gelatin Type A and gum acacia with an emulsion or slurry of the water-immiscible chemical, both of which are prepared and mixed at a temperature above about 50° C., and allowing the mixture to cool so that the droplets or particles of water-immiscible chemical are encapsulated with a macromolecular membrane of a complex coacervate of gelatin and gum acacia. Anti-fouling marine paints capable of sustained release of anti-fouling agent are prepared by adding microcapsules of anti-fouling agents to a marine paint vehicle.

Gelatin-polyester-aziridine product subbing layer for polyester photographic base

Abstract: To improve adhesion of a hydrophilic photographic emulsion to a hydrophobic polyester film base the latter is pretreated by electrical discharge, flame or chemical treatment, and then given a sub-coating composed of an aqueous dispersion of gelatin, a water-soluble polyester, and a polyfunctional aziridine crosslinking agent, and this coating is then thermally cured

Method for preventing adhesion of silver halide photographic light-sensitive material

Abstract: A method for preventing adhesion in a photographic light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least one silver halide light-sensitive emulsion layer which comprises providing, as an outermost layer on at least one side thereof, a layer containing gelatin with the amount of gelatin coated being about 0.2 to about 0.8 g/m 2 and containing finely divided particles of a matting agent having an average particle size of about 0.1 to about 10 microns.

Process for improving the properties of gelatin

Abstract: Improving the cold water soluble properties of gelatin, in which a raw gelatin having a water content of more than 8% by weight is subjected to microwave heating using microwave energy to remove at least 35% of said water content to obtain a treated gelatin having a water content of not more than 16% by weight. The thus-obtained gelatin exhibits improved solubility in cold water. If desired, an expanding agent may be added to the raw gelatin before the microwave heating, thereby it is possible to obtain a treated gelatin having better transparency and outlook.

Xanthine Oxidase Activity of Arthrobacter X-4 cells Immobilized in Glutaraldehyde-Crosslinked Gelatin

Abstract: Cells of Arthrobacter X-4 were immobilized by entrapment in gelatin crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. The xanthine oxidase activity and stability were determined at various temperatures. In comparison with bovine milk xanthine oxidase the bacterial enzyme is more stable and has a different substrate specificity. 1-Methylxanthine was oxidized on a preparative scale.

Synergistic Ternary Antioxidant Compositions Comprising Tocopherol, Partially Hydrolyzate of Gelatin and Organic Acid

Abstract: The antioxidant effect of tocopherol was considerably increased by the concurrent use with a partially hydrolyzate of gelatin. Further, mixture of tocopherol, the gelatin hydrolyzate and organic acid exhibited a outstanding synergistic antioxidant effect on autoxidation of unsaturated fatty acid or lard.

Piezoelectric relaxations in collagen gelatin systems.

Abstract: Films consisting of three joined layers of gelatin, oriented collagen, and gelatin were prepared. The temperature dependence of piezoelectric constants (d=d′–id″) and e=e′–ie″ was determined at 10 Hz for the combined films with different hydrations. At a moisture content above 30 wt %, d′ and e′ decreased with increasing temperature just above −100°C, and their signs reversed around −30°C, and approached zero around room temperature. The temperature dependence of the piezoelectric current induced by static stress was also determined for a film with a moisture content of about 33 wt%. The sign reversal of the decaying current was observed at intermediate temperatures in accord with the sign reversal of d′ in a.c. measurements. The theoretical explanation for this was given on the basis of the Maxwell—Wagner type dielectric relaxation in a two phase system and the decay of piezoelectric polarization in collagen layer. The same explanation may be applied for the temperature dependence of the piezoelectric constant of bone, which consists of collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite.

Stability of phytolaccanin, betanin and fd&c red #2 in dessert gels

Abstract: Color stability of phytolaccanin (from Phytolucca americana), betanin (from Beta vulgaris) and FD&C Red #2 was studied in pectin and gelatin gels at -28, 4.4, 21 and 38°C. Phytolaccanin and beta-nin, which are identical chemically, were purified by a solvent extraction process. Both are feasible as colorants for soft (pectin) gels and firm (gelatin) gels but are not as stable as Red #2. Both are slightly more stable in gelatin gels containing pectin, or added citric acid, or ascorbic/citric acid mixtures, at temperatures of 21°C or lower. All three pigments in gelatin gels with added ascorbic/citric acid were unstable at 38°C.

Compsn. for treating bone defects - comprises gellable soln. of polysaccharide and/or gelatin

Abstract: Compsns. for coating and/or filling bone defects (esp. prior to insertion of implants) comprises a soln. of at least one polysaccharide and/or gelatin in physiological saline soln., which forms a gel at body temp. The compsns. are esp. useful for sealing the socket after tooth extraction, opt. before inserting a dental implant, and can serve as a vehicle for various active ingredients, e.g. for promoting wound healing, bone regeneration or tissue diffusion. They are not washed off immediately by wound secretions, etc., but are dissolved or resorbed gradually.

Pharmaceutical formulation of guar gum

Abstract: The gellation of polysaccharide gums such as guar or locust bean gum is inhibited by gelatin hydrolysates, at alkaline pH. Formulations of gum, gelatin hydrolysate and alkaliniser are reconstituted by shaking with water, and are easily inbibed. The inhibition is reversed by pH change in the stomach allowing gellation to occur. The formulation is useful in treatment of hypercholesteraemia, gastric disorders and as an adjunct to insulin therapy.

Light-sensitive material for tanning development comprising pretreated carbon

Abstract: In a light-sensitive material for tanning development containing unhardened or only slightly hardened gelatin silver halide emulsion layers, the silver content required to obtain maximum density is reduced by incorporating carbon black pretreated with water-miscible compounds which have a higher affinity for carbon black than gelatin. Suitable treatment may be provided by at least two of the following: poly-n-vinyl lactams, polyalkylene oxide derivatives, water-miscible compounds containing at least two OH groups, and polyalkylene oxides with a molecular weight of at least 400.

Medical preparation with storage stability

Abstract: PURPOSE: A medical preparation that contains, as a stabilizer, a pyrogen-free polypeptide which is obtained by hydrolysis of gelatin or collagen with a specific low molecular weight and good solubility in water, thus showing good storage stability. CONSTITUTION: Gelatin or collagen is hydrolyzed with an inorganic acid, neutralized, and subjected to ultrafiltration using ultrafiltration membrane to give a pyrogen-free polypeptide of 1,000W4,500, preferably, 3,000W4,000 average molecular weight, which is used as a stabilizer to produce a midical preparation of high storage stability. Many of protein and enzyme preparations and immunochemical testing reagent are low in storage stability, however, the addition of the above stabilizer can expect to inhibit the change with the passage of time, such as rotting or denaturing. The content of the polypeptide is 0.03W5w/v% and additionally other auxiliary agents such as salt may be added by an amount of 1/10W10 times that of the polypeptide. COPYRIGHT: (C)1981,JPO&Japio

Stable gelatin dessert and process for making same

Abstract: A gelatin dessert prepared from a dessert powder containing gelatin, sugar and optionally flavor and color is improved by adding to the powder from about 0.5 to 5%, by weight, of guar gum, based on the weight of the powder. The guar gum imparts low-temperature stable properties to the gelatin dessert without substantially adversely affecting the physical appearance and texture thereof.