Showing papers on "Gelatin published in 1983"

Method of encapsulating biomaterial in bead polymers

Abstract: Viable biomaterial such as animal cells, plant cells, bacteria, algae or fungi are immobilized with retained ability of growth by encapsulation in polymer beads. Encapsulation is carried out by adding the biomaterial to an aqueous solution of a polymer such as agar, agarose, carrageenan, chitosan, gelatin, collagen or fibrinogen, dispersing the solution in a water-insoluble dispersion medium such as soybean oil, tri-n-butylphosphate, liquid silicone, paraffin oil or phthalic acid dibutylester and allowing the polymer to gel.

Production of red water-soluble Monascus pigments

Abstract: Water-soluble and thermal, as well as photo-stable, red Monascus pigments, were prepared by reacting the extracted pigment with aminoacetic acid and aminobenzoic acid. These modified pigments were compared to those using glutamic acid and gelatin as the modifying agents, showing that the colors and stabilities of these modified pigments were similar. Red pigments extracted from the mycelia could be dissolved in ethanol, propylene glycol, or in gelatin solution and freeze-dried. These red pigment concentrates or freeze-dried pigments could also be used as food colorants.

Chitosan based wound dressing materials

Abstract: The invention disclosed is a surgical dressing, particularly useful for the protection of wounds during the healing process The dressing comprises a blend of gelatin and chitosan in a weight ratio of about 3:1 to 1:3 and a compatible plasticizer in an amount of 0-40% w/w based on the combined weight of gelatin and chitosan

Encapsulated antacid dispersions

Abstract: Pharmaceutical unit dosage forms comprising dispersions of basic salts in a carrier mixture comprising polyalkylene glycols and a C2 -C5 polyol encapsulated in soft gelatin capsules are prepared without deleteriously affecting the stability of the capsules

Method for molding capsules

Abstract: An apparatus and method to produce capsules of a moldable hydrophilic polymer composition, preferably gelatin, using a combination of an injection molding device with a microprocessor (28) to precisely control the conditions of time, temperature, pressure and water content of the hydrophilic polymer composition, in a cyclic molding process, are disclosed. The injection molding device comprises a hopper unit (5) for feeding gelatin to an injection unit (1) from which plasticised gelatin is injected into a molding unit (2).

Gelation of gelatin solution.

Abstract: In order to study the gelling mechanism of gelatin, the phase diagram for a diluted gelatin solution was investigated. Phase boundary curves were obtained by measuring the fluorescent depolarization, optical rotation, reduced viscosity, and light scattering of the gelatin solution. The phase diagram obtained exhibited similar features to those for amylose and agarose gelling systems. From this similarity, the gelling mechanism of gelatin is concluded to be as follows: The randomly coiled gelatin molecule in hot solution partially recovers a collagen fold at the denaturation temperature near 40°C on cooling. This gelatin state is presumed to correspond to the interrupted helical form for amylose. This partial helical solution then separates into two phases, a dilute solution and a coacervate consisting of a concentrated solution, at a phase separation temperature which depends upon the gelatin concentration. When the concentration is sufficiently high, coacervate particles are connected with each other to ...

Lyophilized compositions, preparation and use thereof

Abstract: A syringe containing a lyophilized mixture of an absorbable gelatin powder and aminocaproic acid is prepared by mixing the gelatin powder, aminocaproic acid and water to form a slurry, introducing an aliquot of the slurry into a syringe and freeze-drying the slurry in the syringe.

Lithographic printing plate with gelatin layers having pH values below isoelectric point

Abstract: Disclosed is a photosensitive element for the production of lithographic printing plates improved in printing endurance comprising a support, a physical development nuclei layer, and at least one gelatin-containing layer including a silver halide emulsion layer disposed under said nuclei layer, which is adapted to the silver complex diffusion transfer process to utilize the transferred silver image on said nuclei layer as ink-receptive areas, all of the gelatin-containing layers having a pH value below the isoelectric point of the gelatin used in each layer. Further improvement can be attained by using a photographic gelatin and a low molecular weight gelatin in at least one of said gelatin-containing layers.

A method of encapsulating bio material in bead polymers

Abstract: Spherical polymer particles may be produced by dispersing water-soluble monomers or polymers in a hydrophobic solvent, such as toluene or chloroform. These solvents, however, have a dewatering effect on sensitive biomaterials if these are simultaneously enclosed in the polymer particles. The present invention shows that it is possible to enclose sensitive biomaterials, such as plant cells and animal cells, in spherical polymer particles with retained viability and growth capacity if a suitable combination of polymer and dispersing medium is used. The polymer is selected among agar, agarose, carrageenan, chitosan, gelatin, collagen and fibrinogen and the monomer is preferably an acrylic monomer. The dispersing medium is selected among paraffin oil, vegetable oils, silicone liquid and tri-n-butyl phosphate.

A simple method for drying polyacrylamide slab gels using glycerol and gelatin

Abstract: A method for drying polyacrylamide slab gels of various size and gel composition (T 7.5–15 %, C 2.67 %) is described. The destained gels, containing glycerol, are overlayered with gelatin and dried. Transparent and flexible sheets are obtained which can be stored for extended periods and may also be used for autoradiography.

Hard shell gelatin capsule dipping apparatus and method

Abstract: An apparatus and method for forming hard shell gelatin capsules. The apparatus is the type that includes a container for holding liquid gelatin therein, and a plurality of separate and distinct rigid bars are provided to rigidly support a plurality of upright pins. The pins are shaped and sized to have individual halves of the capsules formed thereon. Apparatus is provided for dipping a preselected number of adjacent bars with the pins thereon into the liquid gelatin. The gelatin is dried on the pins that are carried on the bars. The capsules are stripped from the pins. A drive operates the dipping system, the drying system, and the stripping system at a selected speed, when five of the bars are dipped simultaneously into the liquid gelatin. The improvement in the apparatus and process involves dipping six or more of the bars simultaneously, into the liquid gelatin, and provid­ ing drive means that operates at least the stripping means at a speed which is at least twenty percent greater than the selected speed when the apparatus utilizes a five bar dip.

Partial purification and characterization of gelatinase and metal dependent peptidase from rabbit uterus and their synergistic action on gelatin in vitro.

Abstract: Two metal dependent proteases were investigated in rabbit uterus using a synthetic substrate, 2,4-dinitrophenyl-Pro-Gln-Gly-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gin-D-Arg (Dnp-peptide). One was extracted by homogenization in 50 mM Tris-HCl/0.25% Triton X-100/100 mM CaCl2, pH 7.4, from rabbit uterus, and the other from the insoluble fraction by heating at 60 degrees C for 4 min in 50 mM Tris-HCl/100 mM CaCl2, pH 7.4. Both enzymes were partially purified by gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and chromatofocusing, and further characterized. The soluble enzyme was a metal dependent peptidase, and hydrolysed 4-phenylazobenzyloxycarbonyl-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-D-Arg as well as Dnp-peptide. Its molecular weight was about 7.0 X 10(4), and the cleavage sites for Dnp-peptide were Gln-Gly and possibly Gly-Ile in the ratio of 3:1. On the other hand, the enzyme extracted from the insoluble fraction was present as a latent form, and was found to be activated by 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate but not by trypsin. The activated enzyme hydrolysed gelatin, in addition to Dnp-peptide, indicating that the enzyme is a gelatinase. The molecular weight was about 7.4 X 10(4) for the active form, and the cleavage site for Dnp-peptide was only the Gly-Ile bond. The rabbit uterine metal dependent peptidase obtained here had negligible activity on gelatin, but once it had been cleaved by the above gelatinase, the presence of metal dependent peptidase accelerated the action of gelatinase. Thus, the actions of both enzymes on gelatin were found to be synergistic.

HeLa cell adhesion to microcarriers in high shear conditions: evidence for membrane receptors for collagen but not laminin or fibronectin.

Abstract: HeLa-S3 cells were analyzed for their ability to attach and spread on cell culture microcarriers that were made either positively or negatively charged with polymeric plastics or were coated with BSA, gelatin, fibronectin or laminin. The cells stuck to all microcarriers under low shear, i.e. low stirring conditions with similar rates of attachment. Except in the case of gelatin microcarriers where cells fully spread, cells did not or only partially spread on the others. Under high shear, cells attached with the following rates: positive = negative = gelatin = BSA greater than laminin greater than fibronectin. Cells detached from all but the gelatin and BSA coated beads. However, the cells did not fully spread on BSA beads. The observation that cells not only attached but also spread on gelatin beads indicated that gelatin could be a specific substratum adhesion protein while the other surfaces were 'non-specific'. It should be noted that neither antibodies to laminin nor fibronectin interfered with attachment to gelatin. Protein synthesis inhibitors reduced the attachment and spreading on gelatin beads under high but not low shear conditions. With low shear, attachment and spreading appeared normal. We concluded that the density of the cell surface attachment proteins was reduced by the protein synthesis inhibitors and there were not enough present to facilitate attachment under high shear. The results also indicated that protein synthesis was not essential for cell spreading. Proteolysis of the cell surface with low concentrations of trypsin abolished the attachment of cells to gelatin-coated beads. The reappearance of attachment ability took several hours and was inhibited by actinomycin-D.

Optimization of textural and morphological properties of a soy‐gelatin mozzarella cheese analog

Abstract: Imitation mozzarella cheese was made using soy isolate and gelatin as the protein source instead of caseinate, and its textural and ultrastructural properties were studied. Of all the hydrocolloids evaluated, GFS gum (a mixture of xanthan, locust bean and guar gum) was found to give the best textural properties and melting quality to the analog. Optimum processing conditions were 5 min each of dry blending and wet blending of ingredients at 80°C. Studies done on the effect of heat treatment (time/temperature of processing) and addition of mercapto-ethanol, urea and emulsifiers suggests that hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds and hydrophobic interactions appear to be involved in stabilizing the gel. Processing and ingredient combinations are flexible and could be applied to manufacture of many other imitation cheeses.

The effects of using different grades of PVP and gelatin as binders in the fluidized bed granulation and tabletting of lactose.

Abstract: The effects of using different grades of PVP and gelatin binders on three sieve fractions of lactose granulated in a fluidized bed granulator and tablets have been studied. Increasing the molecular mass of PVP or bloom number of gelatin resulted in a decrease in granule friability but in an increase in their average size and porosity and in the tensile strengths of the resulting tablets when compressed to a fixed apparent density. The results have been explained in terms of the effects of moist and dry binder bridges on bonding of particles in granules and tablets.

Formation of collagen-like structure of gel after radiation modification of gelatin

Abstract: The processes of regeneration of collagen-like structure were studied during gelation of gelatin in irradiated systems (thermically unsoluble and soluble gels) by the methods of measuring the optical rotation changes and of measuring the viscosity (η) and density (ϱ) product value of the system.

High performance liquid chromatographic and colorimetric determination of synthetic dyes in gelatin-containing sweets, following polyamide adsorption and ion-pair extraction with tri-n-octylamine.

Abstract: Dyes are determined in gelatin-containing sweets. The gelatin must be eliminated first because it interferes with the normal ion-pair extraction of dyes with tri-n-octylamine to chloroform. Techniques such as precipitation of gelatin with organic solvents, and acid and enzymatic digestion of gelatin are shown to be unsuccessful because the remaining gelatin still influences the extraction scheme. Positive results are obtained when dyes are adsorbed on polyamide, gelatin is washed away, and dyes are desorbed with a methanol-ammonia mixture. Dyes are identified by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and quantitated by HPLC or colorimetry.

Process for improving the solubility of a difficultly soluble gelling agent

Abstract: A process for improving the solubility of difficultly water-soluble gelling agents such as agar-agar, gelatin, or carrageenin, which comprises bringing the gelling agent into contact with a so-called non-equilibrium plasma generated by high-frequency irradiation of a low-pressure gas atmosphere such as air, oxygen, carbon dioxide or nitrogen causing no hygienic problems The resulting gelling agent is readily water-soluble

Dynamic light scattering studies of gelatin gels

Abstract: Gels formed from very polydispersive gelatin solutions were studied by intensity fluctuation spectroscopy. Single exponential autocorrelation functions were obtained for gelatin gels with and without a crosslinking agent. The elastic continuum model was found to adequately describe all the observed properties. As the concentration increases the cooperative diffusion coefficient Dc of the polymer network decreases in the solution state, but increases in the gel state. For gels without a crosslinking agent, the decay rate of the correlation function was found to remain constant after it reached a terminal value several hours after its temperature was lowered to 20 °C. However, for gels with a crosslinking agent, the decay rate continuously increased and the spatial correlation length became shorter with time.

Biopharmaceutical evaluation of gelatin microcapsules of sulfonamides.

Abstract: To evaluate the efficacy of gelatin microcapsules containing sulfonamides (sulfanilamide, sulfisomidine and sulfamethizole), blood concentration-time curves were obtained using gastric-emptying-controlled rabbits after intravenous or oral administration of powder and microcapsule dosage forms. Using the pharmacokinetic parameters derived from the intravenous study, the oral administration rate constant for sulfanilamide was calculated and the extent of bioavailability of the microcapsules was compared with that of the powder. It was very hard to obtain a significant advantage with regard to the prolongation effect in the gelatin microcapsules containing sulfanilamide. Similar result was also obtained in the case of sulfisomidine. However, prolonged and sustained release properties were clearly obtained with the microencapsulated sulfamethizole prepared by this method.