Showing papers on "Gelatin published in 1984"
TL;DR: Microelectrophoretic measurements have been used to predict the optimum pH and ionic strength requirements for their complex coacervation and thus to maximize the amount of coacervate formed, and experimental data on the effect of pH and added salt on the coACervate volumes of acid- Processed gelatin and acacia and alkali-processed gelatin
159 citations
TL;DR: Model studies of anaerobic protein digestion were performed using gelatin dissolved in a mineral medium, which was fed to a mixed population of bacteria in a carbon-substrate limited chemostat culture, and the optimum pH value appeared to be in the neutral region.
Abstract: Model studies of anaerobic protein digestion were performed using gelatin dissolved in a mineral medium, which was fed to a mixed population of bacteria in a carbon-substrate limited chemostat culture The dilution rate and culture pH value were varied progressively in order to determine the optimal conditions for hydrolysis and acidification (ie, fatty acids formation) The optimum pH value appeared to be in the neutral region (pH>63), and the maximal dilution rate allowing steady state growth was 023 h-1 At this dilution rate and at pH 7 hydrolysis of gelatin was 78% complete, and 79% of the protein hydrolysed was fermented to identifiable products At submaximal dilution rates both these values were higher The main fermentation products were acetate, propionate, and valerate, and minor amounts of other volatile fatty acids The product composition was relatively independent of the dilution rate, but varied substantially with the pH value
97 citations
Patent•
12 Oct 1984
TL;DR: In this article, a sustained-release preparation in the form of a needle-like or bar-like shape, which comprises an active ingredient and a pharmaceutically acceptable biodegradable carrier (e.g., proteins, polysaccharides and synthetic high molecular compounds, preferably collagen, atelocollagen, gelatin, and a mixture thereof) is presented.
Abstract: A sustained-release preparation in the form of a needle-like or bar-like shape, which comprises an active ingredient and a pharmaceutically acceptable biodegradable carrier (e.g. proteins, polysaccharides and synthetic high molecular compounds, preferably collagen, atelocollagen, gelatin, and a mixture thereof). The sustained-release preparation can be administered to the body or implanted into the body by injection or injection-like methods and can release the active ingredient at an effective level for a long period of time when administered.
93 citations
TL;DR: Oxidized, regenerated cellulose and gelatin sponge were packed in the sockets of upper third molars after surgical removal in 10 and 11 patients, respectively, and it was revealed that more pain was apparent on the sides, where the materials were packed, especially in the gelatin sponge group.
59 citations
Patent•
09 Oct 1984
TL;DR: Imitation cheese products are disclosed in this paper which consist essentially of from about 05 to about 30 weight percent kappa carrageenan, from about 15 to about 120 weight percent gelatin and from about 3 to about 20 weight percent of an edible fat.
Abstract: Imitation cheese products are disclosed which consist essentially of from about 05 to about 30 weight percent kappa carrageenan, from about 15 to about 120 weight percent gelatin, from about 3 to about 30 weight percent of an edible fat and from about 40 to about 65 weight percent water, in which the gelatin and carrageenan are present as a structurally firm continuous aqueous carrageenan/gelatin phase matrix at refrigeration temperature
48 citations
Patent•
12 Mar 1984
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed to use a microdispersion of a gas in an aqueous mixture of dry gelatin and one or more plasticizers to control the capsule wall disintegration speed and opacity.
Abstract: Single piece capsules, produced, filled and sealed in a single operation, also known as soft shell capsules, having a special foam wall structure, obtained by a microdispersion of a gas in an aqueous mixture of dry gelatin and one or more plasticizers. The capsules are formed by processing, on soft shell capsule manufacturing machines, foamed ribbons, cast from a film forming mixture obtained by a microdispersion of a gas in an aqueous mixture of gelatin and one or more plasticizers; optionally with the inclusion of a coloring agent, an opacifying agent, a foam stabilizer, a gelatin extender, a preservative, a flavoring agent, a sweetening agent, or a drug. By a suitable choice of the gas proportion in the capsule wall and its microdispersion level, it is possible, within certain limits, to control the capsule wall disintegration speed and its opacity. Also, the inclusion of gas bubbles in the capsule wall decreases the gelatin material required for foam soft gelatin capsules and provides energy saving during production due to a faster drying of the capsule wall, thereby achieving lower costs for the production of said foam soft gelatin capsules over conventional soft gelatin capsules.
38 citations
TL;DR: A microencapsulation procedure in which water-soluble nonionic polymers were added to gelatin-base coacervation systems is described, and spherical single-seeded microcapsules can be obtained.
37 citations
36 citations
Patent•
13 Sep 1984
TL;DR: In this article, a thermally developable, light-sensitive material is disclosed which has at least one thermally developed, light sensitive layer formed on a support which contains a light sensitive silver halide, an organic silver salt, a reducing agent and a binder.
Abstract: A thermally developable, light-sensitive material is disclosed which has at least one thermally developable, light-sensitive layer formed on a support which contains (a) a light-sensitive silver halide, (b) an organic silver salt, (c) a reducing agent and (d) a binder. Said binder contains gelatin and/or a gelatin derivative and a poly(vinyl alcohol) having a viscosity average polymerization degree of not more than 700.
36 citations
Patent•
03 May 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, a process for preparing an oil-in-water emulsion is described, comprising the steps of: adding a mixture of a hydrophobic substance and an emulsifying agent directly or after being dissolved in an organic solvent by heating in a dissolving-emulsifying tank with a high-speed agitation type dispersing means to form an oil phase, introducing water and/or an aqueous solution of gelatin into the tank through submerged inlet under the hydrophilic substance solution to form a water-inoil emulsion, and further continuing the addition
Abstract: A process for preparing an oil-in-water emulsion is described, comprising the steps of: adding a mixture of a hydrophobic substance and an emulsifying agent directly or after being dissolved in an organic solvent by heating in a dissolving-emulsifying tank with a high-speed agitation type dispersing means to form a hydrophobic substance solution as an oil phase, introducing water and/or an aqueous solution of gelatin into the tank through submerged inlet under the hydrophobic substance solution to form a water-in-oil emulsion, and further continuing the addition of water and/or an aqueous solution of gelatin to cause the phase inversion, whereupon the desired oil-in-water emulsion is formed. The mean particle size of the emulsion is decreased more than by the conventional emulsification method, and the particle size distribution is narrowed and made sharp.
33 citations
Patent•
19 Apr 1984
TL;DR: A method for stabilizing a tissue plasminogen activator which involves adding to an aqueous solution or powder containing a tissue activator an effective amount of a purified gelatin is disclosed in this article.
Abstract: A method for stabilizing a tissue plasminogen activator which involves adding to an aqueous solution or powder containing a tissue plasminogen activator an effective amount of a purified gelatin is disclosed. A stable aqueous solution or powder which contains a tissue plasminogen activator and an effective amount of a purified gelatin is also disclosed. The method and composition eliminate the problem of adsorption of tissue plasminogen activator to various laboratory equipment, and also prevent the conversion of the single-chain tissue plasminogen activatgor into a double-chain tissue plasminogen activator.
TL;DR: Dual immobilized enzyme conjugates of glucoamylase and invertase have been prepared using this method, by entrapment of one enzyme in, and surface-binding of the other to, the gelatin matrix.
Patent•
12 Oct 1984
TL;DR: Sustained-release injection as mentioned in this paper is a formulation of biodegradable injection, which consists of a suspension of a powder comprising an active ingredient and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (e.g. proteins, polysaccharides and synthetic high molecular compounds, preferably collagen, atelocollagen, gelatin, and a mixture thereof).
Abstract: A sustained-release injection, which comprises a suspension of a powder comprising an active ingredient and a pharmaceutically acceptable biodegradable carrier (e.g. proteins, polysaccharides and synthetic high molecular compounds, preferably collagen, atelocollagen, gelatin, and a mixture thereof) in a viscous solvent for injection (e.g. vegetable oils, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, silicone oil, and medium-chain fatty acid triglycerides). The sustained-release injection can release the active ingredient at an effective level for a long period of time when injected.
Patent•
18 Oct 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, a dual-texture, low-water activity binder with at least one food-flavoring material distributed therein is described, which has a unique combination of crunchiness and chewiness without perceptible textural dichotomy.
Abstract: A shelf-stable, composite food product comprising a dual-texture, low water activity binder having at least one food-flavoring material distributed therein is disclosed. The dual-texture, low water activity binder is prepared from a chewy, gelatinous binder material comprising a gelled solution of gelatin in glycerol and a crisp binder material comprising a stabilized protein foam. The product has a unique combination of crunchiness and chewiness without perceptible textural dichotomy.
TL;DR: In this paper, a dissolution rate study of soft gelatin capsules and non-aqueous emulsions was conducted and the results showed that the PEG bases exhibit the lowest recoveries, while the nonaqueous bases have a tendency towards a more favorable gastrointestinal absorption.
Abstract: New vehicles were developed based on non-aqueous emulsions. They may be classified as progress or supplimentation to the actual respectively conventional filling masses for soft gelatin capsules, but also for liquid or semi-solid hard gelatin capsule filling techniques.IN-VITRO dissolution rate studies exhibit a clear superiority of PEG filling masses about oil-wax bases, which show extremely slow release rates.These experiencies may therefore open an interesting way of attaining better bioavailabilities in certain cases with soft gelatin capsules as well as with hard gelatin capsules.But in the following corresponding IN-VIVO tests, which are carried out as urine recoveries, the whole loss of superiority of the PEG compounds is impressingly shown. On the contrary the PEG bases exhibit IN-VIVO the lowest recoveries, while the non-aqueous emulsions at least those with the Riboflavin indicate a tendency towards a more favorable gastrointestinal absorption.
TL;DR: The modified gelatin-matrix method for determining the percentages of bacterial cells having active electron transport systems is more successfully applicable to water samples containing high densities of flocculant particulate matter, owing to the brighter green fluorescence of the cells, which contrasts with the red-orange fluorescent of the floc.
Abstract: In this report I describe a modification of the gelatin-matrix method for determining the percentages of bacterial cells having active electron transport systems. This modification is one-step fluorochroming followed by use of an antioxidant solution instead of the secondary gelatin layer. The modified technique is more successfully applicable to water samples containing high densities of flocculant particulate matter, owing to the brighter green fluorescence of the cells, which contrasts with the red-orange fluorescence of the floc.
TL;DR: Two methods of activating the surface of glutaraldehyde crosslinked gelatin beads with titanium(IV) compounds, for subsequent enzyme coupling, have been investigated.
TL;DR: Fibronectin Collagen Heparan sulfate Affinity chromatography Detergent Adhesion binds to polyene and forms bonds with polymethine, which acts as a “spatially aggregating substance” to break down the polypeptide bonds.
Patent•
13 Jul 1984TL;DR: Gelatin spherical gels can be produced by a process comprising dispersing an aqueous solution of gelatin and an aliphatic dial, a water-soluble polyvalent epoxide, orthe like in a dispersing medium obtained by dissolving water-insoluble ethyl cellulose in a non-polar organic solvent which is not miscible with water such as an alicyclic hydrocarbon, and conducting a crosslinking reaction.
Abstract: Gelatin spherical gels can be produced by a process comprising dispersing an aqueous solution of gelatin and an aliphatic dial, a water-soluble polyvalent epoxide, orthe like in a dispersing medium obtained by dissolving water-insoluble ethyl cellulose in a non-polar organic solvent which is not miscible with water such as an alicyclic hydrocarbon, and conducting a crosslinking reaction.
Patent•
29 Jun 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, a solution which forms a gel at body temperature and is composed of physiological saline solution and a polysaccharide, e.g. agarose, and/or gelatin, is used for the insertion of intraossal implants.
Abstract: The aid, which is particularly suitable for the insertion of intraossal implants, consists of a solution which forms a gel at body temperature and is composed of physiological saline solution and a polysaccharide, e.g. agarose, and/or gelatin. To produce the aid, agarose and/or gelatin is boiled in physiological saline solution for dissolving and sterilising, and the resulting solution is kept at a temperature of 50 DEG C, which is above the temperature for solidification to the gel, until it is used.
Patent•
12 Oct 1984
TL;DR: A sustained-release preparation of indomethacin or interferon comprising the active ingredient in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable biodegradable carrier, particularly a carrier selected from collagen, gelatin, and a mixture thereof, is presented in this article.
Abstract: A sustained-release preparation of indomethacin or interferon comprising the active ingredient in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable biodegradable carrier, particularly a carrier selected from collagen, gelatin, and a mixture thereof. Said preparation is particularly suitable for parenteral administration and can release the active ingredient in an effective amount for a long period of time.
TL;DR: In this article, the surface properties of enzymatically modified proteins produced from gelatin by papain-catalyzed incorporation of leucine hexyl ester and Leucine dodecyl esters were investigated for their surface properties.
Abstract: Enzymatically modified proteins produced from gelatin by papain-catalyzed incorporation of leucine hexyl ester and leucine dodecyl ester, designated as EMG-6 and EMG-12, respectively, were investigated for their surface properties. Both EMG-6 and EMG-12 had critical micelle concentrations of 0.1 ~ 0.2% and 0.02 ~ 0.04%, respectively, reducing the surface tension of water as rapidly as synthetic surfactants, while bovine serum albumin, casein and gelatin hydrolysate used as controls induced much slower rates of reduction in the surface tension. Application of the Gibbs adsorption equation gave area requirements of 77A2 molecule and 48A2 molecule for EMG-6 and EMG-12, respectively. Functional properties such as emulsifying activity index, emulsion viscosity, emulsion stability, whippability and foam stability were evaluated, with the results that these parameters for EMG-6 and EMG-12 were not greatly influenced by pH of the aqueous medium studied.
Patent•
14 Mar 1984
TL;DR: The material is based on absorbable biopolymers and contains a combination of collagen and/or fibrinogen or collagen with one or more of the following biomopolymers as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The material is based on absorbable biopolymers and contains a combination of (1) (a) collagen and/or fibrinogen or (b) collagen and/or fibrinogen with one or more of the following biopolymers: gelatin, oxycellulose, SH-group-modified fibrinogen, SH-group-modified gelatin, SH-group-modified collagen and SH-group-modified oxycellulose, (2) a pharmaceutical agent in slow-release form, (3) allogenic and xenogenic bone transplants and optionally (4) calcium phosphate and/or apatite Also described is a material for the vitalisation of vascular or tracheal prostheses which contains the abovementioned components (1) and (2).
TL;DR: A collagenase secreted by tadpole (Rana catesbiana) back-skin explants in culture has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by successive chromatography on sulfopropyl Sephadex, Sephacryl S-200, collagen Sepharose, and heparinSepharose.
TL;DR: In this article, the surface equilibrium tension and surface rheological parameters of shear, found by surface creep experiments, have been characterized by measuring the surface gelatin layers and the difference of the parameters calculated before and after the substitution of the bulk phase allowed the authors to prove some model assumptions of the protein adsorption and to characterize the physical contents of some of the surface Rheology parameters determined.
Abstract: Adsorbed gelatin layers have been characterized by measuring the surface equilibrium tension and surface rheological parameters of shear, found by surface creep experiments. After the determination of these parameters the solution below the adsorption layer (gelatin + phosphate buffer) was substituted by a gelatin-free phosphate-buffer-solution. The differences of the parameters calculated before and after the substitution of the bulk phase allowed us to prove some model assumptions of the protein adsorption and to characterize the physical contents of some of the surface rheological parameters determined. The parameters calculated and measured permit the distinction of three different concentration ranges of gelatin:
1)
the range of reversible adsorption layer.
2)
the ranges of saturated, irreversible adsorption layer, and
3)
the range of multilayer formation.
Patent•
20 Mar 1984TL;DR: In this paper, a process for sealing a body and a cap of a capsule is described, which consists successively dipping a gelatin hard capsule containing drugs one by one in a mixed solvent of water and ethanol whose volume ratio to water is 50-55%, thereafter taking said capsule out of this solvent and drying each capsule separately.
Abstract: This invention provides a process for sealing a body and a cap of a capsule which comprises successively dipping a gelatin hard capsule containing drugs one by one in a mixed solvent of water and ethanol whose volume ratio to water is 50-55%, thereafter taking said capsule out of this solvent and drying each capsule separately.
TL;DR: In this article, the ability of gelatin, casein, soya isolate, whey protein concentrate, egg albumin and bovine serum albumin to form protein-alginate gels was investigated.
TL;DR: Fibronectin was isolated from human blood plasma by affinity chromatography on immobilized Physiogel, a plasma expander made by chemical degradation of gelatin, and elution could be performed under rather mild conditions.
Abstract: Fibronectin was isolated from human blood plasma by affinity chromatography on immobilized Physiogel, a plasma expander made by chemical degradation of gelatin. Binding of fibronectin to Physiogel is weaker than to gelatin; elution could therefore be performed under rather mild conditions: at pH 6.5 and 30 degrees C. Loading of the sample at low temperature increases the capacity of the affinity column.
TL;DR: The nature of the growth substratum appears to modulate a fundamentally unvarying morphology and adhesion site composition of the cells that adhere to it.
Abstract: Fibroblasts in vivo adhere to a collagenous extracellular matrix. We present here a combined morphological and biochemical analysis of the adhesion sites of fibroblast-like cells cultured in vitro on gelatin-coated plastic, for comparison with earlier model studies using serum (plasma-fibronectin [pFn])-coated plastic. Scanning electron microscopy shows that cell adhesion to the gelatin is quite similar to that on plastic, but with some morphological differences reminiscent of those caused by higher concentrations of fibronectin adsorbed to the substratum. Measurement using 125I-radiolabeled pFn shows the level of substratum-bound pFn adsorbed from serum in the growth medium is, however, comparable on gelatin or plastic; thus, differences due to pFn must be attributed to the quality of the adsorbed protein, not its absolute quantity. Gel electrophoretic analysis of cellular adhesion sites formed on the two substrata shows their compositions to be qualitatively similar, suggesting again that the same fundamental adhesion processes are involved. However, three protein bands do change; notably, cellular fibronectin is increased on gelatin. These three proteins are also the most resistant to saline extraction, suggesting their intrinsic importance in the adhesion sites. The nature of the growth substratum thus appears to modulate a fundamentally unvarying morphology and adhesion site composition of the cells that adhere to it.