Showing papers on "Gelatin published in 1986"
Patent•
01 May 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, a controlled-release pharmaceutical unit dosage form is provided comprising a gelatin capsule enclosing a solid matrix formed by the cation-assisted gellation of a liquid fill incorporating a vegetable gum and a pharmaceutically-active compound, as well as methods for the preparation thereof.
Abstract: A controlled-release pharmaceutical unit dosage form is provided comprising a gelatin capsule enclosing a solid matrix formed by the cation-assisted gellation of a liquid fill incorporating a vegetable gum and a pharmaceutically-active compound, as well as methods for the preparation thereof.
90 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is argued that, albeit gold sols are stabilized against salt coagulation by adsorption of proteins and other stabilizing agents, "naked areas" are (constantly or intermittently) present on particle surfaces, available for interaction with cell and tissue components that have a high electrostatic affinity for the charged gold surface under prevailing experimental conditions.
74 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that hyaluronic acid markedly reduces the formation of the fibrous connective tissue known to develop in middle ear cavities filled with absorbable gelatin sponge alone.
74 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors made a quantitative study of the effect of adding sugar and polyols to gelatin gels and determined the molecular mechanisms involved in stabilizing the collagen triple helix.
65 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a multiphase model involving three populations of water protons in rapid exchange was proposed to explain the time dependence of T2 after quenching in gelatin gels.
62 citations
TL;DR: Factor XIIIa-dependent covalent cross-linking of vWF to collagen, but not to fibronectin or laminin, was also demonstrated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate.
Abstract: We have analyzed the interaction of the adhesive glycoprotein, von Willebrand factor (vWF), with native monomeric collagen monolayers by adsorbing acid soluble Types I and III collagen derived from calf skin to polystyrene microtiter wells and incubating the wells with purified human 125I-vWF. The binding of 125I-vWF was saturable, reversible, specific, and was abolished by heat denaturation of the collagen monomers. Binding was half-maximal at 5 micrograms/ml, and, at saturation, 7.5 ng 125I-vWF were bound to each microgram of immobilized collagen. 125I-vWF did not bind to wells coated with other extracellular matrix or plasma proteins such as fibronectin, fibrinogen, gelatin, or the q subunit of the first component of complement (C1q). In addition, bound 125I-vWF could not be displaced from collagen by the addition of either fibronectin or fibrinogen. After incubation with Factor XIIIa, plasma transglutaminase, 125I-vWF bound to collagen could no longer be displaced by vWF, which suggests covalent cross-linking of vWF to collagen monomers. Factor XIIIa-dependent covalent cross-linking of vWF to collagen, but not to fibronectin or laminin, was also demonstrated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate.
61 citations
TL;DR: The bioavailability of some poorly water-soluble drugs was reported to increase due to a change in dosage form from a tablet to a solution encapsulated in soft gelatin capsules, but the objective of increasing the bioavailability may be defeated if the drug crystallizes from a solution inside the capsule.
58 citations
Patent•
11 Aug 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, a burn wound-adherent dressing material comprising a complex of gelatin and a water-soluble resin material such as polyethylenimine is described, which sets to a gel and dries to a continuous wound-aware film in situ.
Abstract: The invention disclosed is a burn wound-adherent dressing material comprising a complex of gelatin and a water-soluble resin material such as polyethylenimine The dressing material may be in the form of a preformed film or in the form of an aqueous coating which sets to a gel and dries to a continuous wound-adherent film in situ
54 citations
Patent•
17 Dec 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, a soft gelatin capsule comprising a shell of gelatin and a softener, and a filling consisting of a polyethylene glycol and a low polyhydric alcohol and at least one active substance, characterized in that the dried shell of the capsule contains 4 to 40% by weight of sorbital or sorbitanes.
Abstract: A soft gelatin capsule comprising a shell of gelatin and a softener, and a filling consisting of a polyethylene glycol and a low polyhydric alcohol and at least one active substance, characterized in that (a) the dried shell of the capsule contains 4 to 40% by weight of sorbital or sorbitanes; (b) at least 50% by weight of the polyethylene glycol used in the filling for dissolving or suspending the active substance is a polyethylene glycol having a mean molecular weight of 600; and (c) the capsule filling comprises up to 20% by weight of glycerol and/or 1,2-propylene glycol.
47 citations
Patent•
18 Oct 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, the acid-treated gelatin is used for the binder of the outermost non-photosensitive hydrophilic colloidal layer, and the pigskin lime-tolerant gelatin for the lower layer adjacent to the uppermost layer.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a photosensitive material prevented from reticulation after development processing even if it is dried under high temp. and high humidity at the time of its manufacture by using an acid-treated gelatin for the binder of an outermost nonphotosensitive hydrophilic colloidal layer, and a gelatin obtained by treating pigskin with lime for the binder of a lower layer adjacent to the uppermost layer. CONSTITUTION:The silver halide photographic sensitive material has on a support at least one silver halide emulsion layer and at least one nonphotosensitive hydrophilic colloidallayer, and the acid-treated gelatin is used for the binder of the outermost nonphotosensitive hydrophilic colloidal layer, and the pigskin lime-treated gelatin is used for the binder of the lower layer adjacent to the uppermost layer. The acid-treated gelatin is obtained by treating it with hydrochloric acid or the like in the manufacturing process from collagen, and it has a jelly strength of 200-350g, preferably, 240-300g, and the lime-treated gelatin made frompigskin is not specified, and it has a jelly strength of 200-300g, preferably, 240-280g.
TL;DR: The swelling rate and the equilibrium swelling of gelatin (type B) were studied by casting warm gelatin solutions into films, cutting them into short rectangular strips after gelation, drying them, and measuring the weight gain on immersion in buffer solutions as a function of time.
TL;DR: The influence of several proteins on the uptake of microspheres was investigated using mouse peritoneal macrophages, and phagocytosis was greatly enhanced by the presence of serum as compared with the other proteins.
Abstract: The influence of several proteins on the uptake of microspheres was investigated using mouse peritoneal macrophages. Thioglycollate-stimulated macrophages were cultivated for 3 h with protein-grafted and protein-coated cellulose microspheres smaller than 2 μm in the presence and the absence of serum. Bovine serum albumin reduced the phagocytosis of microspheres, while y-globulin, human fibronectin, bovine tuftsin, and gelatin enhanced the phagocytosis. This trend was not influenced substantially by the presence of serum and the mode of surface binding of the proteins; that is, covalent grafting or physical adsorption (coating). However, in the case of gelatin binding, phagocytosis was greatly enhanced by the presence of serum as compared with the other proteins.
TL;DR: It is concluded that anaerobic bacterial populations can loose their ability to degrade a protein substrate, depending on the adaptation procedure.
Abstract: The influence of the adaptation procedure on the simultaneous fermentation of glucose and gelatin by putatively carbon-limited mixed anaerobic bacterial populations was investigated. In one series of experiments glucose, dissolved in a mineral salts solution, was fed to mixed populations of bacteria in anaerobic carbon-limited chemostat cultures maintained at different pH values and at 30°C. When, after reaching a steady state, the carbon substrate was switched to gelatin, growth ceased. However, when gelatin was added to the medium as a second carbon substrate, it was found in all cases that hydrolysis and fermentation of the protein proceeded to a limited extent (<30%) and that glucose continued to be completely metabolized. In a second series of experiments, bacterial populations were adapted to gelatin under comparable experimental conditions. After reaching a steady state, glucose was added to the medium as a second carbon substrate. Following establishment of the new steady state it was found that hydrolysis of gelatin was not inhibited but its fermentation was. It is concluded that anaerobic bacterial populations can loose their ability to degrade a protein substrate, depending on the adaptation procedure.
Patent•
06 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In this article, a coronary therapeutic agent in the form of soft gelatin capsules, which contain the active substance nifedipine in an organic solvent, is presented. But the capsule size is limited to only 162 mg.
Abstract: The present invention relates to a coronary therapeutic agent in the form of soft gelatin capsules, which contain the active substance nifedipine in an organic solvent. In the prior art, there where problems regarding the capsule size and with respect to the low nifedipine active substance concentration. These problems are obviated by the invention, in that nifedipine with PVP, optionally as a coprecipitate and without glycerin, is dissolved in THFP and consequently permits a capsule weight of in all only e.g. 162 mg.
TL;DR: Analysis of the relative diffusion rates for calcium in these matrices indicated that, in this system, amount of HA formation is dependent upon the rate of diffusion, which suggests that fibrillar collagen is not per se a promoter of HA deposition.
Abstract: Collagen has long been suspected to be a promoter of hydroxyapatite (HA) deposition in bone. This theory was tested by comparison of HA formation in gels composed of collagen, gelatin or agarose. Collagen gels supported substantially more HA precipitation than gelatin gels, but slightly less than agarose gels. Analysis of the relative diffusion rates for calcium in these matrices indicated that, in this system, amount of HA formation is dependent upon the rate of diffusion. Under conditions in which the diffusion rates for collagen and agarose gels were comparable, similar amounts of HA were formed. This suggests that fibrillar collagen is not per se a promoter of HA deposition. Extracellular matrix macromolecules may influence calcification by restricting ionic diffusion through connective tissues.
TL;DR: In this paper, the rheological properties of carrageenan/gelatin and agar-gelatin mixed gels were investigated by measuring the rupture properties, the texture parameters and the dynamic viscoelasticities.
Abstract: The rheological properties of carrageenan/gelatin and agar/gelatin mixed gels were investigated by measuring the rupture properties, the texture parameters and the dynamic viscoelasticities. fie melting point, transparency and syneresis of these gels were measured in order to obtain the relationship with the rheological properties. The physical properties of the two mixed gels were slightly different. The agar/gelatin mixed gels generally showed the hindered effect of gelatin. The brittleness of agar gel disappeared on mixing with gelatin. It then became a flexible, cohesive and transparent gel. Carrageenan/gelatin mixed gels showed a decrease in the values of almost all of the mechanical properties when compared with carrageenan gels. However, the rupture properties of the C0.5 mixed gel were much higher than those of simple carrageenan gels.
Patent•
24 Dec 1986
TL;DR: In this article, a method for preparing a sustained release formulation utilizing collagen and/or gelatin as a carrier is described, which comprises the steps: (i) preparing a uniform and high concentrated mixture with respect to the collagen and or gelatin by blending an active ingredient, such as collagen and gelatin, and water or an admixture consisting of water and a hydrophilic organic solvent under one of the conditions selected from: (a) the pH of the mixture is kept below 5 and the salt concentration of the mix is retained below fiber-forming concentration; (b) chemically modified
Abstract: A method for preparing a sustained release formulation utilizing collagen and/or gelatin as a carrier, which comprises the steps: (i) preparing a uniform and high concentrated mixture with respect to the collagen and/or gelatin by blending an active ingredient, said collagen and/or gelatin, and water or an admixture consisting of water and a hydrophilic organic solvent under one of the conditions selected from: (A) the pH of the mixture is kept below 5 and the salt concentration of the mixture is retained below fiber-forming concentration; (B) chemically modified collagen and/or gelatin is employed; and (C) glucose is added to the mixture; (ii) molding the resultant mixture; and (iii) gradually eliminating the solvent from the molded product.
TL;DR: In this paper, the first injection-moulded pharmaceutical capsules have been prepared and the processing conditions and properties of the resulting starch capsules are considered in detail, making comparisons between the processing of thermoplastics arid starch and gelatin.
Abstract: The paper describes the development of the first injection-moulded pharmaceutical capsules. Starch and gelatin capsules have been prepared and the processing conditions and properties of the resulting starch capsules are considered in detail. Comparisons are made between the processing of thermoplastics arid starch and gelatin and the starch capsule is compared with the conventional, dip-moulded hard gelatin capsule.
Patent•
23 Dec 1986
TL;DR: In this article, a method for preparing a sustained release formulation with collagen and gelatin as a carrier is described, which comprises the steps of: (i) preparing a uniform and high concentrated mixture with respect to the collagen and/or gelatin by blending an active ingredient, said collagen and or gelatin, and water or an admixture consisting of water and a hydro-philic organic solvent under one of the conditions selected from: (ii) the pH of the mixture is kept below 5 and the salt concentration of a mixture is retained below fiber-forming concentration; (iii) chemically modified
Abstract: Described is a method for preparing a sustained release formulation utiliing collagen and/or gelatin as a carrier, which comprises the steps:
(i) preparing a uniform and high concentrated mixture with respect to the collagen and/or gelatin by blending an active ingredient, said collagen and/or gelatin, and water or an admixture consisting of water and a hydrophilic organic solvent under one of the conditions selected from:
(A) the pH of the mixture is kept below 5 and the salt concentration of the mixture is retained below fiber-forming concentration; (B) chemically modified collagen and/or gelatin is employed; and (C) glucose is added to the mixture; (ii) molding the resultant mixture; and (iii) gradually eliminating the solvent from the molded product.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of ionic surfactants (sodium-dodecylsulfate and cetyltrimethylammonium-bromide) on the thickness of gelatin foam films was investigated.
Abstract: The influence of ionic surfactants (sodium-dodecylsulfate and cetyltrimethylammonium-bromide) on the thickness of gelatin foam films was investigated. The thickness of pure gelatin films was found to be 80 to < 100 nm. Maximum thicknesses are obtained within the range of the isoelectrical point. Foam films stabilized by gelatin-surfactant complexes are found to form common black films with a thickness of 8 to 12 nm. When the surfactant concentration exceeds the binding capacity of the gelatin the common black films turn into Newton-black films with a thickness comparable to that of a pure surfactant solution.
Patent•
22 Oct 1986TL;DR: In this paper, the preservation of leukocytes by suspending in storage medium containing modified fluid gelatin, plasma, and a non-toxic buffer was discussed, and preferred additives include heterocyclic bases which occur in nucleic acids, or nucleosides or nucleotides containing the same.
Abstract: Preservation of leukocytes by suspending in storage medium containing modified fluid gelatin, plasma, and a non-toxic buffer. Preferred additives include heterocyclic bases which occur in nucleic acids, or nucleosides or nucleotides containing the same.
Patent•
07 Mar 1986
TL;DR: An edible gelled emulsion of a combination of oil, a hydrophobic pigment and/or 5 coloring, an emulsifier, a gelling agent and water is used for food decorating.
Abstract: An edible gelled emulsion of a combination of oil, a hydrophobic pigment and/or 5 coloring, an emulsifier, a gelling agent and water. The gelling agent constitutes carrageen, optionally agar-agar; the gelled emulsion can also contain guar gum, gelatin, or mixtures thereof. The gelled emulsion is used, for food decorating.
Patent•
09 Sep 1986TL;DR: A tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) which comprises a partial hydrolyzate of gelatin cross-linked to a diisocyanate as an essential ingredient is presented in this article.
Abstract: A composition containing a tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) which comprises a partial hydrolyzate of gelatin cross-linked to a diisocyanate as an essential ingredient; or alternatively a partial hydrolyzate of gelatin cross-linked to a diisocyanate and one or more of a basic amino acid or salt thereof. The composition enhances the solubility of the tPA in water, thereby making the tPA further available in the treatment of circulatory diseases caused by thrombi.
TL;DR: The three elastic moduli of the mixture gel, including the instantaneous elastic modulus, became predictable from the corresponding modulus of the agar and the gelatin gels, taking into account the concentration dependence and using a parallel-series combination model for the elasticity.
Patent•
01 Aug 1986
TL;DR: A gelatin product which offers highly improved properties of wettability and dispersibility in aqueous liquids irrespective of temperature and which permits accelerated dissolution in the hot state irrespective of the concentration is constituted by 90 to 99.9% by weight of a basic gelatin of any desired origin having a Bloom strength within the range of 0 to 350 grams and a viscosity within a range of 1 to 100 mPa.
Abstract: A gelatin product which offers highly improved properties of wettability and dispersibility in aqueous liquids irrespective of temperature and which permits accelerated dissolution in the hot state irrespective of the concentration is constituted by 90 to 99.9% by weight of a basic gelatin of any desired origin having a Bloom strength within the range of 0 to 350 grams and a viscosity within the range of 1 to 100 mPa.s. The gelatin product is also constituted by 0.1% to 10% by weight of a hydrolyzed gelatin of any desired origin having a mean molecular weight of 500 to 30,000. The method of preparation includes coating the particles of a basic gelatin with a film of hydrolyzed gelatin. The resulting product is well suited for all the usual applications of gelatin.
TL;DR: The results of a systematic study of the effect of the pH of the developer on the diffraction efficiency of volume holographic gratings recorded in dye sensitized dichromated gelatin are presented.
Abstract: Dichromated gelatin is thought to be a good substitute for photographic emulsions in some uses. The results of a systematic study of the effect of the pH of the developer on the diffraction efficiency of volume holographic gratings recorded in dye sensitized dichromated gelatin are presented.
Patent•
01 Sep 1986TL;DR: A combination of β-carotene and iron oxides as lightfast, opaque colorant of gelatin and their use in foods and pharmaceuticals, in particular in the shell of soft gelatin capsules, is described in this paper.
Abstract: The invention relates to a combination of β-carotene and iron oxides as lightfast, opaque colorant of gelatin and their use in foods and pharmaceuticals, in particular in the shell of soft gelatin capsules.
TL;DR: An open-pore agar matrix has been shown to be suitable for the entrapment of microbial whole cells required for use in reactions that involve cell growth and gas evolution.
Abstract: An open-pore agar matrix has been shown to be suitable for the entrapment of microbial whole cells required for use in reactions that involve cell growth and gas evolution. Beads of porous agar with entrapped yeast cells have been used for the continuous fermentation of sugar cane molasses to ethanol, without apparent bead rupture, even after periods of 3 mo of use. The agar gel does not erode during prolonged operation, unlike porous gelatin cross-linked with glutaraldehyde.
Patent•
07 Apr 1986
TL;DR: In this article, a method and apparatus for drying gelatin in the manufacture of hard shell gelatin capsules is described, where pins on pin bars are dipped into the liquid gelatin and the pins are then irradiated with microwave energy until the gelatin dries.
Abstract: A method and apparatus for drying gelatin in the manufacture of hard shell gelatin capsules. Pins on pin bars are dipped into the liquid gelatin and the pins are then irradiated with microwave energy until the gelatin dries. Thereafter, the pins are gradually cooled to ambient temperature and the gelatin capsule halves are then stripped from the pins in the conventional fashion.