Showing papers on "Gelatin published in 2005"
TL;DR: The results suggest the potential of using composite gelatin/PCL fibrous scaffolds for engineering three-dimensional tissues as a promising scaffold for bone-marrow stromal cell culture.
Abstract: In this article, ultrafine gelatin (Gt) fibers were successfully produced with the use of the electrical spinning or electrospinning technique. A fluorinated alcohol of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) was used as the dissolving solvent. The morphology of the electrospun gelatin fibers was found to be dependent on the alteration of gelatin concentration ranging from 2.5% w/v to 12.5% w/v at 2.5% increment intervals. Based on the electrospun gelatin fibers obtained, 10% w/v gelatin/TFE solution was selected and mixed with 10% w/v poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) in TFE at a ratio of 50:50 and co-electrospun to produce gelatin/PCL composite membranes. Contact-angle measurement and tensile tests indicated that the gelatin/PCL complex fibrous membrane exhibited improved mechanical properties as well as more favorable wettability than that obtained from either gelatin or PCL alone. The gelatin/PCL fibrous membranes were further investigated as a promising scaffold for bone-marrow stromal cell (BMSC) culture. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser confocal microscopy observations showed that the cells could not only favorably attach and grow well on the surface of these scaffolds, but were also able to migrate inside the scaffold up to 114 microm within 1 week of culture. These results suggest the potential of using composite gelatin/PCL fibrous scaffolds for engineering three-dimensional tissues.
1,017 citations
TL;DR: This review will emphasize how biomolecules released from gelatin controlled-release systems are able to retain their biological activity, allowing for their use in tissue engineering, therapeutic angiogenesis, gene therapy, and drug delivery applications.
996 citations
TL;DR: The hydrogel was found to have a fluid uptake of 90% of its weight which would prevent the wound bed from accumulation of exudates and can maintain a moist environment over wound bed in moderate to heavily exuding wound which would enhance epithelial cell migration during the healing process.
823 citations
TL;DR: Cell culture studies confirmed that the electrospun engineered protein scaffolds support attachment and growth of human embryonic palatal mesenchymal (HEPM) cells.
781 citations
TL;DR: The potential of the periodate-oxidized sodium alginate system as an injectable drug delivery vehicle and as a tissue-engineering scaffold is demonstrated by using primaquine as a model drug and by encapsulation of hepatocytes inside the gel matrix, respectively.
618 citations
Patent•
15 Jun 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, a substantially non-adhesive elastic gelatin matrix is presented, which is both nonadhesive to wounds, tissues and organs and is also elastic such that it is flexible.
Abstract: The present invention is a substantially non-adhesive elastic gelatin matrix. The matrix is both non-adhesive to wounds, tissues and organs and is also elastic such that it is flexible. The matrix is a lyophilized mixture of protein(s), polymer(s), cross-linking agent(s) and optional plasticizer(s). The invention also provides methods for making the non-adhesive elastic gelatin matrix.
583 citations
TL;DR: Results showed significant influence of blending gelatin with chitosan on scaffold properties and cellular behavior, and Mechanical properties of chitOSan are affected by the addition of gelatin although there was no clear trend.
569 citations
TL;DR: Present data indicate that free-radical-scavenging activities of hoki skin gelatin peptides substantially contribute to their antioxidant properties measured in different oxidative systems.
Abstract: Hoki (Johnius belengerii) skin gelatin was hydrolyzed with three commercial enzymes to identify radical-scavenging potencies of derived peptides. Peptides derived from tryptic hydrolysate exhibited the highest scavenging activities on superoxide, carbon-centered 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals assessed by ESR spectroscopy. Following consecutive chromatographic separations of tryptic hydroolysate, the peptide sequence His-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-Leu (797 Da) acted as a strong radical scavenger under studied conditions. Further, this peptide could act as an antioxidant against linoleic acid peroxidation and the activity was closer to the highly active synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). In addition, antioxidative enzyme levels in cultured human hepatoma cells were increased in the presence of this peptide and it was presumed to be the peptide involved in maintaining the redox balance in the cell environment. Present data indicate that free-radical-scavenging activities of hoki skin gelatin peptides substantially contribute to their antioxidant properties measured in different oxidative systems.
557 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a mixture of α-helical and random coil conformation of gelatin nanofibers was used for the dissolution of gelatin in electrospinning and the results showed that the structure of the nanofiber was amorphous with very low crystallinity.
547 citations
TL;DR: The gelatin grafting method can obviously improve the spreading and proliferation of the ECs on the PET NFM, and moreover, can preserve the EC's phenotype.
542 citations
TL;DR: The surface-modified PCL nanofibrous material is a potential candidate material in blood vessel tissue engineering, and gelatin-grafted APCL NF readily orients ECs along the fibers whereas unmodified APCLNF does not.
Abstract: We modified the surface of electrospun poly(caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers to improve their compatibility with endothelial cells (ECs) and to show the potential application of PCL nanofibers as a blood vessel tissue-engineering scaffold. Nonwoven PCL nanofibers (PCL NF) and aligned PCL nanofibers (APCL NF) were fabricated by electrospinning technology. To graft gelatin on the nanofiber surface, PCL nanofibers were first treated with air plasma to introduce -COOH groups on the surface, followed by covalent grafting of gelatin molecules, using water-soluble carbodiimide as the coupling agent. The chemical change in the material surface during surface modification was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and quantified by colorimetric methods. ECs were cultured to evaluate the cytocompatibility of surface-modified PCL NF and APCL NF. Gelatin grafting can obviously enhance EC spreading and proliferation compared with the original material. Moreover, gelatin-grafted APCL NF readily orients ECs along the fibers whereas unmodified APCL NF does not. Immunostaining micrographs showed that ECs cultured on gelatin-grafted PCL NF were able to maintain the expression of three characteristic markers: platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). The surface-modified PCL nanofibrous material is a potential candidate material in blood vessel tissue engineering.
TL;DR: With either system, simultaneous, slow release of IGF-1 over a 4-week period was accomplished by selectively loading this protein into highly crosslinked, encapsulated microparticles, demonstrating the utility of these systems in future studies to assess the interplay and time course of multiple growth factors in cartilage repair.
TL;DR: This method of generating a nanofiber of the biomimetic nanocomposite was effective in producing a biomedical membrane with a composition gradient, which is potentially applicable in the field of guided tissue regeneration (GTR).
Abstract: The development of biomimetic bone matrices is one of the major goals in the bone-regeneration and tissue-engineering fields. Nanocomposites consisting of a natural polymer and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals, which mimic the human bone matrix, are thus regarded as promising bone regenerative materials. Herein, we developed a biomimetic nanocomposite with a novel nanofibrous structure by employing an electrospinning (ES) method. The HA precipitate/gelatin matrix nanocomposites are lyophilized and dissolved in an organic solvent, and then electrospun under controlled conditions. With this process, we can successfully generate a continuous fiber with a diameter of the order of hundreds of nanometers. The internal structure of the nanofiber features a typical nanocomposite, i.e., HA nanocrystals well distributed within a gelatin matrix. These nanocomposite fibers improve the bone-derived cellular activity significantly when compared to the pure gelatin equivalent. This method of generating a nanofiber of the biomimetic nanocomposite was effective in producing a biomedical membrane with a composition gradient, which is potentially applicable in the field of guided tissue regeneration (GTR).
TL;DR: In this paper, the structural and molecular level changes on gelatin films induced by hydration below 25±3% water content (glass-rubbery transition at ambient temperature) were identified with DSC and FTIR spectroscopy.
TL;DR: Several food-derived collagen peptides in human blood after oral ingestion of some gelatin hydrolysates were identified as Pro-Hyp, and small but significant amounts of Ala-hyp, Ala-Hyp-Gly, Pro- hyp, Leu- Hyp, Ile-Hyp and Phe-Hyp were contained.
Abstract: In the present study, we identified several food-derived collagen peptides in human blood after oral ingestion of some gelatin hydrolysates. Healthy human volunteers ingested the gelatin hydrolysates (9.4−23 g) from porcine skin, chicken feet, and cartilage after 12 h of fasting. Negligible amounts of the peptide form of hydroxyproline (Hyp) were observed in human blood before the ingestion. After the oral ingestion, the peptide form of Hyp significantly increased and reached a maximum level (20−60 nmol/mL of plasma) after 1−2 h and then decreased to half of the maximum level at 4 h after the ingestion. Major constituents of food-derived collagen peptides in human serum and plasma were identified as Pro-Hyp. In addition, small but significant amounts of Ala-Hyp, Ala-Hyp-Gly, Pro-Hyp-Gly, Leu-Hyp, Ile-Hyp, and Phe-Hyp were contained. Keywords: Collagen; gelatin hydrolysates; Pro-Hyp; fibroblast; peptide; food; gelatin; skin; osteoporosis
TL;DR: It is concluded that the attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of MSC were influenced by sponge composition of gelatin and betaTCP as the cell scaffold.
TL;DR: Bioassay results indicate the potential of OPF hydrogel composites containing embedded chondrocytes and TGF-β1-loaded gelatin MPs as a novel strategy for cartilage tissue engineering.
TL;DR: In this article, a central composite design was adopted in gelatin processing for extracting optimization, and the gelatin extraction from dorsal skin of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) using response surface methodology was compared with those of two mammalian skin gelatins (bovine and porcine).
TL;DR: The results suggest that the maintenance of the intrasponge space necessary for the osteoinduction is one factor contributing to the osteeinduction extent of BMP-2-incorporating sponges.
TL;DR: Electrospun scaffolds of collagen were rapidly, and densely, infiltrated by interstitial and endothelial cells when implanted into the interstitial space of the rat vastus lateralis muscle and topographical features, unique to the electrospun collagen fibril, promote cell migration and capillary formation.
TL;DR: A well-defined nanoparticle system with drug targeting ligand modification was established that holds promise for further effective preclinical testing.
TL;DR: In this paper, a coating made in cold from a blend of a chitosan and a gelatin solution was applied to patties made of chilled cod, and its preservative effect was assessed by colour measurements, rheological measurements (hardness, elasticity, cohesiveness, chewiness, gumminess, and adhesiveness), biochemical determinations (total volatile bases and thiobarbituric acid as measures of rancidity) and microbiological assays (total bacterial counts, luminiscent bacteria, enterobacteria, pseudomonas, lactic
TL;DR: The results of this study show that thiolated gelatin nanoparticles would serve as a biocompatible intracellular delivery system that can release the payload in a highly reducing environment.
TL;DR: In this paper, the incorporation of Brazilian elemi, a highly hydrophobic resinous exudate of the botanical family Burseraceae, into gelatin films, using a blend of stearic and palmitic acids to dissolve the elemi and subsequent emulsification of the filmogenic solution using triacetin as plasticizer.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the gelatin-HA composite foams have great potential for use as hard tissue regeneration scaffolds because of their high water absorption capacities and porosity.
Abstract: Hydroxyapatite (HA) and gelatin composites were fabricated in a foam type via a novel freeze-drying and crosslinking technique. The morphological and mechanical properties of and in vitro cellular responses to the foams were investigated. The HA powder was added at up to 30 wt % into the gelatin solution, and the mixtures were freeze-dried and further crosslinked. The pure gelatin foam had a well-developed pore configuration with porosity and pore size of approximately 90% and 400-500 microm, respectively. With HA addition, the porosity decreased and pore shape became more irregular. The HA particulates, in sizes of about 2-5 microm, were distributed within the gelatin network homogeneously and made the framework surface rougher. All the foams had high water absorption capacities, showing typical hydrogel characteristics, even though the HA addition decreased the degree of water absorption. The HA addition made the foam much stronger and stiffer (i.e., with increasing HA amount the foams sustained higher compressive stress and had higher elastic modulus in both dry and wet states). The osteoblast-like human osteosarcoma cells spread and grew actively on all the foams. The cell proliferation rate, quantified indirectly on the cells cultured on Ti discs coated with gelatin and gelatin-HA composites using MTT assay, exhibited an up-regulation with gelatin coating compared with bare Ti substrate, but a slight decrease on the composite coatings. However, the alkaline phosphatase activities expressed by the cells cultured on composites foams as well as their coatings on Ti discs were significantly enhanced compared with those on pure gelatin foam and coating. These findings suggest that the gelatin-HA composite foams have great potential for use as hard tissue regeneration scaffolds.
TL;DR: An in vivo study of cultured artificial dermal substitutes showed that an artificial dermis containing the fibroblasts enhanced the re-epithelialization of a full-thickness skin defect when compared to an acellular scaffold after 1 week.
TL;DR: The in vitro and in vivo results of this study clearly show that a long-circulating, biocompatible and biodegradable, DNA-encapsulating nanoparticulate system would be highly desirable for systemic delivery of genetic constructs to solid tumors.
Abstract: To develop safe and effective systemically administered nonviral gene therapy vectors for solid tumors, DNA-containing poly(ethylene glycol)-modified (PEGylated) gelatin nanoparticles were fabricated and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Reporter plasmid DNA encoding for β-galactosidase (pCMV-β) was encapsulated in gelatin and PEGylated gelatin nanoparticles using a water-ethanol solvent displacement method under controlled pH and temperature. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells in culture were transfected with the pCMV-β in the control and nanoparticle formulations. Periodically, the expression of β-galactosidase in the cells was measured quantitatively using an enzymatic assay for the conversion of o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (ONPG) to o-nitrophenol (ONP). Qualitative expression of β-galactosidase in LLC cells was observed by staining with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (X-gal). Additionally, the plasmid DNA-encapsulated gelatin and PEGylated gelatin nanoparticles were administered intravenously (i.v.) and intratumorally (i.t.) to LLC-bearing female C57BL/6J mice. At various time points postadministration, the animals were sacrificed and transgene expression in the tumor and liver was determined quantitatively by the ONPG to ONP enzymatic conversion assay and qualitatively by X-gal staining. Almost 100% of the pCMV-β was encapsulated in gelatin and PEGylated gelatin nanoparticles (mean diameter 200 nm) at 0.5% (w/w) concentration. PEGylated gelatin nanoparticles efficiently transfected the LLC cells and the β-galactosidase expression, as measured by the ONPG to ONP enzymatic conversion assay at 420 nm absorbance, increased starting from 12 h until 96 h post-transfection. The efficient expression of LLC cells was also evident by the X-gal staining method that shows blue color formation. The in vivo studies showed significant expression of β-galactosidase in the tumor following administration of DNA-containing PEGylated gelatin nanoparticles to LLC-bearing mice by both i.v. and i.t. routes. Following i.v. administration of pCMV-β in PEGylated gelatin nanoparticles, for instance, the absorbance at 420 nm per gram of tumor increased from 0.60 after 12 h to 0.85 after 96 h of transfection. After i.t. administration, the absorbance values increased from 0.90 after 12 h to almost 1.4 after 96 h. The in vitro and in vivo results of this study clearly show that a long-circulating, biocompatible and biodegradable, DNA-encapsulating nanoparticulate system would be highly desirable for systemic delivery of genetic constructs to solid tumors.
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel polymer network consisting of crosslinked gelatin/chitosan was prepared by a solution casting technique and the crosslinked networks were stable in the aqueous state, and had improved mechanical properties and thermal stability when compared with nonlinked gelatin (G) and chitosans/gelatin (C/G) films.
Abstract: Novel polymer networks consisting of crosslinked gelatin/chitosan were prepared by a solution casting technique. Methods for bulk crosslinking were developed to modify the gelatin/chitosan blends with the use of a nontoxic crosslinking reagent, proanthocyanidin (PA). FTIR spectral analyses of the preparations showed network formations of crosslinked gelatin, chitosan, and PA by amide and ester linkages. The crosslinked networks were stable in the aqueous state, and had improved mechanical properties and thermal stability when compared with nonlinked gelatin (G) and chitosan/gelatin (C/G) films. In vitro protease digestion and cell-culture studies showed that the PA-crosslinked C/G films are nontoxic and exhibited decreased biodegradation rate and a better ability to support cell adhesion and proliferation than noncrosslinked gelatin or chitosan alone. These results suggest that such a nontoxic crosslinked gelatin/chitosan scaffold can become a promising matrix for tissue-engineering applications.
TL;DR: It is revealed that chitosan could react with genipin via a nucleophilic ring-opening reaction to construct more sufficient and extensive cross-link networks, as compared with its gelatin counterpart, which may provide a novel way to deliver therapeutic radionuclides for immuno-targeting purposes in the future.
TL;DR: Based on the findings of the well-developed morphological feature and controlled drug-release profile, the gelatin-HA nanocomposite porous scaffolds are suggested to be potentially useful for hard-tissue regeneration.
Abstract: Gelatin-hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocomposite porous scaffolds were fabricated biomimetically, and their feasibility as a drug-delivery carrier for tissue-regeneration and wound-healing treatments was addressed. The composite sols were prepared by the precipitation of HA up to 30 wt % within a gelatin solution with the use of calcium and phosphate precursors, and the porous scaffold was obtained by casting the sols and further freeze drying. The obtained bodies were crosslinked with carbodiimide derivatives to retain chemical and thermal integrity. The apatite precipitates were observed to be a poorly crystallized carbonate-substituted HA. The nanocomposite scaffolds had porosities of approximately 89-92% and exhibited a bimodal pore distribution, that is, the macropores (approximately 300-500 microm) of the framework structure, and micropores (approximately 0.5-1 microm) formed on the framework surface. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation revealed the precipitation of highly elongated HA nanocrystals on the gelatin network. The well-developed porous structure and organized nanocomposite configurations were in marked contrast to the directly mixed gelatin-HA powder conventional composites. For drug-release tests, tetracycline, an antibiotic drug, was entrapped within the scaffold, and the drug-release profile was examined with processing parameters, such as HA amount in gelatin, crosslinking degree, and initial drug addition. The drug entrapment decreased with increasing HA amount, but increased with increasing crosslinking degree and initial drug addition. The crosslinking of the gelatin was the prerequisite to sustaining and controlling the drug releases. Compared to pure gelatin, the gelatin-HA nanocomposites had lower drug releases, because of their lower water uptake and degradation. All the nanocomposite scaffolds released drugs in proportion to the initial drug addition, suggesting their capacity to deliver drugs in a controlled manner. Based on the findings of the well-developed morphological feature and controlled drug-release profile, the gelatin-HA nanocomposite porous scaffolds are suggested to be potentially useful for hard-tissue regeneration.