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Showing papers on "Gelatin published in 2019"


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: G gelatin–polysaccharide biomaterials benefit from mechanical resilience, high stability, low thermal expansion, improved hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory properties, and wound healing potential.
Abstract: Gelatin is a promising material as scaffold with therapeutic and regenerative characteristics due to its chemical similarities to the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the native tissues, biocompatibility, biodegradability, low antigenicity, cost-effectiveness, abundance, and accessible functional groups that allow facile chemical modifications with other biomaterials or biomolecules. Despite the advantages of gelatin, poor mechanical properties, sensitivity to enzymatic degradation, high viscosity, and reduced solubility in concentrated aqueous media have limited its applications and encouraged the development of gelatin-based composite hydrogels. The drawbacks of gelatin may be surmounted by synergistically combining it with a wide range of polysaccharides. The addition of polysaccharides to gelatin is advantageous in mimicking the ECM, which largely contains proteoglycans or glycoproteins. Moreover, gelatin-polysaccharide biomaterials benefit from mechanical resilience, high stability, low thermal expansion, improved hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, and wound healing potential. Here, we discuss how combining gelatin and polysaccharides provides a promising approach for developing superior therapeutic biomaterials. We review gelatin-polysaccharides scaffolds and their applications in cell culture and tissue engineering, providing an outlook for the future of this family of biomaterials as advanced natural therapeutics.

208 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In vitro biological experiments demonstrate that the biohybrid gradient hydrogel scaffold not only supports cell attachment and spreading but also enhances gene expression of chondrogenic‐related and osteogenic‐related differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells.
Abstract: Biomacromolecules with poor mechanical properties cannot satisfy the stringent requirement for load-bearing as bioscaffolds. Herein, a biodegradable high-strength supramolecular polymer strengthened hydrogel composed of cleavable poly(N-acryloyl 2-glycine) (PACG) and methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) (PACG-GelMA) is successfully constructed by photo-initiated polymerization. Introducing hydrogen bond-strengthened PACG contributes to a significant increase in the mechanical strengths of gelatin hydrogel with a high tensile strength (up to 1.1 MPa), outstanding compressive strength (up to 12.4 MPa), large Young's modulus (up to 320 kPa), and high compression modulus (up to 837 kPa). In turn, the GelMA chemical crosslinking could stabilize the temporary PACG network, showing tunable biodegradability by adjusting ACG/GelMA ratios. Further, a biohybrid gradient scaffold consisting of top layer of PACG-GelMA hydrogel-Mn2+ and bottom layer of PACG-GelMA hydrogel-bioactive glass is fabricated for repair of osteochondral defects by a 3D printing technique. In vitro biological experiments demonstrate that the biohybrid gradient hydrogel scaffold not only supports cell attachment and spreading but also enhances gene expression of chondrogenic-related and osteogenic-related differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells. Around 12 weeks after in vivo implantation, the biohybrid gradient hydrogel scaffold significantly facilitates concurrent regeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone in a rat model.

197 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Pomegranate peel powder was incorporated into fish gelatin film-forming solution (FFS) to develop an active packaging film and the physical, mechanical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the films were investigated.

179 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review provides a comprehensive overview of various techniques that have been used to improve gelation properties of fish gelatin underlying their modification mechanisms as well as applications and key findings and conclusions are provided.
Abstract: Background Gelatin, one of the most popular biopolymers, is widely used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Mammalian gelatin accounts for the vast majority of commercial gelatin, but due to the socio-cultural and health-related concerns, it has been subjected to constraint and skepticism for many years. Fish gelatin has been considered as an excellent alternative to mammalian gelatin because of similarity of its functional properties with mammalian gelatin. Nevertheless, compared with mammalian gelatin, fish gelatin possesses inferior gelation and rheological properties, which limit its extensive application. Scope and approach This review provides a comprehensive overview of various techniques that have been used to improve gelation properties of fish gelatin underlying their modification mechanisms as well as applications. Finally, a brief discussion on safety and regulatory status, and future potentials of modification fish gelatin is provided. Key findings and conclusions Various approaches have been put forward for improving gelation and rheological properties of fish gelatin. The combination of different modification methods is a novel strategy to overcome the shortcomings of fish gelatin. However, further scientific research studies are still required to better understand the exact mechanism of such modifications and expand their application ranges in food industries.

157 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a schematic model was proposed, wherein at low SA concentrations (≤0.2%), FG associates with SA, resulting in large, complex coacervates with a diameter up to 1064 nm.

156 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used moringa oil-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (MO@CNPs) for biocontrol of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus on cheese.

153 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The nature of noncovalent interactions endows the organohydrogel with intriguing thermoplasticity, good healable ability, and excellent adhesive behavior at various substrate surfaces.
Abstract: Hydrogels based on supramolecular noncovalent interactions have attracted great research interest but are still limited by relatively low mechanical strength and performance deterioration at subzero temperatures because of the formation of ice crystallization. In this study, an antifreezing and mechanically strong gelatin supramolecular organohydrogel is prepared via a simple strategy of immersing a gelatin pre-hydrogel in the citrate (Cit) water/glycerol mixture solution. In the organohydrogel, a part of water molecules are replaced by glycerol, which inhibits the formation of ice crystallization even at extremely low temperature. In addition, the formation of noncovalent interactions such as the hydrophobic aggregation induced by the salting-out effect, ionic interactions between the -NH3+ of gelatin and Cit3- anions, and hydrogen bonding between gelatin chains and glycerol endows the organohydrogels with high mechanical strength and toughness. The supramolecular organohydrogel can maintain its mechanical flexibility even at -80 °C or be stored for a long time. Moreover, the nature of noncovalent interactions endows the organohydrogel with intriguing thermoplasticity, good healable ability, and excellent adhesive behavior at various substrate surfaces.

139 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Fish gelatin coating enriched with CUR/βCD emulsion can be used as an effective way to maintain the quality of GCF and extend its shelf life during storage at 4 °C.

130 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Different physical and chemical cross-linking protocols have been described to improve electrospun gelatin stability and to preserve the morphological fibrous arrangement of the electrospUN gelatin scaffolds.
Abstract: Electrospinning is an exceptional technology to fabricate sub-micrometric fiber scaffolds for regenerative medicine applications and to mimic the morphology and the chemistry of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Although most synthetic and natural polymers can be electrospun, gelatin frequently represents a material of choice due to the presence of cell-interactive motifs, its wide availability, low cost, easy processability, and biodegradability. However, cross-linking is required to stabilize the structure of the electrospun matrices and avoid gelatin dissolution at body temperature. Different physical and chemical cross-linking protocols have been described to improve electrospun gelatin stability and to preserve the morphological fibrous arrangement of the electrospun gelatin scaffolds. Here, we review the main current strategies. For each method, the cross-linking mechanism and its efficiency, the influence of electrospinning parameters, and the resulting fiber morphology are considered. The main drawbacks as well as the open challenges are also discussed.

129 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study showed HA-g-pHEA-Gelatin gel’s potential as a bioink or its tissue engineering applications in injectable and 3D bioprinting forms and demonstrated both stable rheology properties and excellent biocompatibility.
Abstract: After recognition of 3D printing and injectable hydrogel as a critical issue in tissue/organ engineering and regenerative medicine society, many hydrogels as bioinks have been developed worldwide by using polymeric biomaterials such as gelatin, alginate, hyaluronic acid and others. Even though some gels have shown good performances in 3D bioprinting, still their performances do not meet the requirements enough to be used as a bioink in tissue engineering. In this study, a hydrogel consisting of three biocompatible biomaterials such as hyaluronic acid (HA), hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) and gelatin-methacryloyl, i.e. HA-g-pHEA-gelatin gel, has been evaluated for its possibility as a bioprinting gel, a bioink. Hydrogel synthesis was obtained by graft polymerization of HEA to HA and then grafting of gelatin- methacryloyl via radical polymerization mechanism. Physical and biological properties of the HA-based hydrogels fabricated with different concentrations of methacrylic anhydride (6 and 8%) for gelatin-methacryloylation have been evaluated such as swelling, rheology, morphology, cell compatibility, and delivery of small molecular dimethyloxalylglycine. Printings of HA-g-pHEA-Gelatin gel and its bioink with bone cell loaded in lattice forms were also evaluated by using home-built multi-material (3D bio-) printing system. The experimental results demonstrated that the HA-g-pHEA-gelatin hydrogel showed both stable rheology properties and excellent biocompatibility, and the gel showed printability in good shape. The bone cells in bioinks of the lattice-printed scaffolds were viable. This study showed HA-g-pHEA-Gelatin gel’s potential as a bioink or its tissue engineering applications in injectable and 3D bioprinting forms.

128 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Gelatin/CS/Ag has promising antibacterial and wound healing properties and co-cultured with L929 cells did not show cytotoxicity and showed good biocompatibility.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the multinuclear microcapsules by the complex coacervation between gelatin and pectin were developed by using dynamic light scattering and microscopic techniques, and the results showed that high yield of coacervates with good size and morphology occurred at pH 423 and 437 for G/HMP with a ratio of 3:1 and G/LMP with ratio of 6:1 respectively.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Electrospun PCL/gelatin/graphene nanofibrous mats exhibited 99% antibacterial properties against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and are a promising candidate to be used as electrically conductive scaffolds in neural tissue engineering as well as controlled drug delivery.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a gelatin biopolymer-supported deep eutectic solvent (DES) gel electrolytes are presented as a promising nonvolatile alternative to hydrogels for ionic skin applications.
Abstract: There is a growing demand for devices that exhibit human skin-like sensory capabilities due to their broad applications in soft robotics and healthcare. Ionically conductive hydrogels have long been studied for wearable, flexible sensor applications; however, the volatility of water inevitably leads to dehydration issues that can limit the long-term use of hydrogel-based devices. In this report, highly stretchable, gelatin biopolymer-supported deep eutectic solvent (DES) gel electrolytes are presented as a promising nonvolatile alternative to hydrogels for ionic skin applications. The DES gel containing 22 wt% gelatin exhibited high stretchability (fracture strain > 300%) and a room temperature ionic conductivity of 2.5 mS cm−1. Capacitive-type pressure and strain sensors fabricated using gelatin-supported DES gel electrolytes provided linear responses over a wide range; an applied pressure as low as 1 kPa could be detected using a 1 V bias. A 3 × 3 sensor array was also constructed, which exhibited excellent performance for identifying the (multi)touch location(s) of applied pressure. These characteristics not only demonstrate the suitability of gelatin-supported DES gels for ionic skin applications, but also present a new class of materials for developing future nonvolatile sensors.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The studies suggest that the developed gelatin/PO/CO nanofiber could be a promising candidate for edible packaging and exhibited optimum bioactivities.
Abstract: Natural and edible materials have attracted increasing attention in food packaging, which could overcome the serious environmental issues caused by conventional non-biodegradable synthetic packaging. In this work, gelatin nanofibers incorporated with two kinds of essential oil (EO), peppermint essential oil (PO) and chamomile essential oil (CO), were fabricated by electrospinning for potential edible packaging application. Electron microscopy showed that smooth and uniform morphology of the gelatin/EOs was obtained, and the diameter of nanofibers was mostly enlarged with the increase of the EO content. The proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum confirmed the existence of PO and CO in nanofibers after electrospinning. The addition of EOs led to an enhancement of the water contact angle of nanofibers. The antioxidant activity was significantly improved for the nanofibers loaded with CO, while the antibacteria activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was better for the fibers with PO addition. The combination of half PO and half CO in nanofibers compensated for their respective limitations and exhibited optimum bioactivities. Finally, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay with NIH-3T3 fibroblasts demonstrated the absence of cytotoxicity of the gelatin/EO nanofibers. Thus, our studies suggest that the developed gelatin/PO/CO nanofiber could be a promising candidate for edible packaging.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the gelatin-based nanocomposite containing chitosan nanofiber (CHINF) and ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were fabricated and characterized by SEM analysis.
Abstract: The food packaging industry has shown increasing attention toward biodegradable active packaging because of consumer demand for the extended shelf life of food products, as well as environmental concerns. In this study, the gelatin-based nanocomposite containing chitosan nanofiber (CHINF) and ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were fabricated and characterized by SEM analysis. The fabricated nanocomposite film revealed high antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogenic bacteria. To assess the efficiency of this bionanocomposite film for food packaging, chicken fillet and cheese was selected as food models. The results showed that the wrapping with nanocomposite film significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the growth of inoculation bacteria in chicken fillet and cheese samples. The changes in pH values and color parameters in chicken fillet and cheese samples were controlled by wrapping with nanocomposite film during storage time. At the end of 12-day storage, the weight loss of the wrapped chicken fillet and cheese samples with nanocomposite were 18.91 ± 1.96 and 36.11 ± 3.74%, respectively. In addition, the organoleptic characteristics of wrapped chicken fillet and cheese samples with nanocomposite film were acceptable until the end of storage. In conclusion, the fabricated nanocomposite can be suggested as a suitable packaging material for poultry meat and cheese to improve their shelf life and quality.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, curcumin was encapsulated within electrospun protein (ie gelatin and zein) fibers to generate bioactive coatings for food packaging Additionally, green tea extract (GTE) was also incorporated within the formulations to evaluate its impact on the stability, protective ability, and release properties of the cumin-loaded fibers.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The fabricated bio nanocomposite indicated considerable potential for food packaging due to its high dense and less permeable structure and the synergistic effect between CHNF and ZnONPs improved the antibacterial activity of nanocomPOSite.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) mixtures with sodium alginate and gelatin for 3D printed geometries, and the results indicated that the food matrix of SPI, sodium, and gelatin will be a promising material in 3D food printing.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigation of biocompatibility and physical properties of the bio-engineered cornea fabricated from type-I collagen (COL) and gelatin (Gel) suggests that incorporation of COL-I increases optical properties, hydrophilicity, stiffness and Young's modulus.

Journal ArticleDOI
Liru Zhang1, Jie Liu1, Xuejing Zheng1, Ali Zhang1, Xianliang Zhang1, Keyong Tang1 
TL;DR: The result from MTT assay demonstrated that G-PDA is non-cytotoxic against MC3T3 cells, regardless of the concentrations of PDA, suggesting that the synergistic effect of dual-crosslinking may played a key role in enhancing the load-bearing capacity of ensuing hydrogels.

Journal ArticleDOI
Quan-Quan Wang1, Yun Liu1, Chuan-Jie Zhang, Chuan Zhang, Ping Zhu1 
TL;DR: Among the mentioned fibers, FS10G2 is the best to improve the properties of alginate/gelatin blended hydrogel fibers with an optimal mass ratio of sodium and gelatin, which might have a potential application in the biomedical fields.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a gelatin/calcium alginate (GA) composite nanofiber membranes were successfully prepared via electrospinning to resolve the issues of adsorption and desorption.
Abstract: Nanofiber membranes from natural alginate are ideal adsorption materials for removing cationic dyes in solution, yet the regulations to their adsorption and desorption properties are of great challenges. In this research, gelatin/calcium alginate (GA) composite nanofiber membranes were successfully prepared via electrospinning to resolve these issues. The structural changes of composite membranes induced by the gelatin addition were confirmed by SEM, FT-IR and BET analysis. The enhanced mechanical strength of GA membranes disclosed the strong interactions between gelatin and alginate chains. Taking methylene blue (MB) as the model cationic dye, it was found the resultant composites could slow down the adsorption rate and obviously improve the adsorption evenness without apparent influences on its adsorption capacity. Moreover, the gelatin modification would generate better reusability for the composite membranes during a serial of adsorption and desorption cycles for strong electrostatic repulsions induced by protonated amino groups in gelatin chains. This effective composite strategy would pave the way for the development of natural alginate to the next generation high-performance adsorbent for cationic dyes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results showed that the developed film could be used as an effective method for the monitoring of food freshness and the compatibility between polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin were improved owing to the addition of anthocyanin extracts.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A PCL-gelatin based electrospun nanofibers enriched with quercetin and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, confirmed its application for accelerated wound healing and confirmed the direct application of scaffold in the wounded area.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review paper elaborating on the different modification strategies and processing of gelatin is presented, with particular attention placed on the applied photoinitiators and the different biofabrication technologies including inkjet, extrusion or light-based technologies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings emphasized that the as-fabricated biodegradable gelatin/chitosan/cinnamaldehyde membranes could be efficiently used as antibacterial dressers for ameliorating the wound healing.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The L929 cell cytotoxicity test suggested that the cross-linked gelatin/zein nanofibers exhibited good biocompatibility and non-cytotoxicity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the nanofibers were prepared by gelatin/chitosan in ratios of 1:6, 1:8 and 1:10 and thyme concentrations of 20 and 40% using nozzleless electrospinning.

Journal ArticleDOI
21 Oct 2019
TL;DR: Histology, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical testing demonstrated that cultured muscle lacked the mature contractile architecture observed in natural muscle but recapitulated some of the structural and mechanical features measured in meat products.
Abstract: Bioprocessing applications that derive meat products from animal cell cultures require food-safe culture substrates that support volumetric expansion and maturation of adherent muscle cells. Here we demonstrate scalable production of microfibrous gelatin that supports cultured adherent muscle cells derived from cow and rabbit. As gelatin is a natural component of meat, resulting from collagen denaturation during processing and cooking, our extruded gelatin microfibers recapitulated structural and biochemical features of natural muscle tissues. Using immersion rotary jet spinning, a dry-jet wet-spinning process, we produced gelatin fibers at high rates (~ 100 g/h, dry weight) and, depending on process conditions, we tuned fiber diameters between ~ 1.3 ± 0.1 μm (mean ± SEM) and 8.7 ± 1.4 μm (mean ± SEM), which are comparable to natural collagen fibers. To inhibit fiber degradation during cell culture, we crosslinked them either chemically or by co-spinning gelatin with a microbial crosslinking enzyme. To produce meat analogs, we cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle cells and rabbit skeletal muscle myoblasts in gelatin fiber scaffolds, then used immunohistochemical staining to verify that both cell types attached to gelatin fibers and proliferated in scaffold volumes. Short-length gelatin fibers promoted cell aggregation, whereas long fibers promoted aligned muscle tissue formation. Histology, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical testing demonstrated that cultured muscle lacked the mature contractile architecture observed in natural muscle but recapitulated some of the structural and mechanical features measured in meat products.