Topic
Generalization
About: Generalization is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 23512 publications have been published within this topic receiving 483549 citations. The topic is also known as: generalisation & Generalize.
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TL;DR: Estimation techniques are developed for the special case of a single relation social network, with blocks specified a priori, and an extension of the model allows for tendencies toward reciprocation of ties beyond those explained by the partition.
2,792 citations
Proceedings Article•
01 Jun 1993
TL;DR: A rank-based fitness assignment method for Multiple Objective Genetic Algorithms (MOGAs) and the genetic algorithm is seen as the optimizing element of a multiobjective optimization loop, which also comprises the DM.
Abstract: The paper describes a rank-based fitness assignment method for Multiple Objective Genetic Algorithms (MOGAs). Conventional niche formation methods are extended to this class of multimodal problems and theory for setting the niche size is presented. The fitness assignment method is then modified to allow direct intervention of an external decision maker (DM). Finally, the MOGA is generalised further: the genetic algorithm is seen as the optimizing element of a multiobjective optimization loop, which also comprises the DM. It is the interaction between the two that leads to the determination of a satisfactory solution to the problem. Illustrative results of how the DM can interact with the genetic algorithm are presented. They also show the ability of the MOGA to uniformly sample regions of the trade-off surface.
2,788 citations
TL;DR: In this article, error-correcting output codes are employed as a distributed output representation to improve the performance of decision-tree algorithms for multiclass learning problems, such as C4.5 and CART.
Abstract: Multiclass learning problems involve finding a definition for an unknown function f(x) whose range is a discrete set containing k > 2 values (i.e., k "classes"). The definition is acquired by studying collections of training examples of the form (xi, f(xi)). Existing approaches to multiclass learning problems include direct application of multiclass algorithms such as the decision-tree algorithms C4.5 and CART, application of binary concept learning algorithms to learn individual binary functions for each of the k classes, and application of binary concept learning algorithms with distributed output representations. This paper compares these three approaches to a new technique in which error-correcting codes are employed as a distributed output representation. We show that these output representations improve the generalization performance of both C4.5 and backpropagation on a wide range of multiclass learning tasks. We also demonstrate that this approach is robust with respect to changes in the size of the training sample, the assignment of distributed representations to particular classes, and the application of overfitting avoidance techniques such as decision-tree pruning. Finally, we show that--like the other methods--the error-correcting code technique can provide reliable class probability estimates. Taken together, these results demonstrate that error-correcting output codes provide a general-purpose method for improving the performance of inductive learning programs on multiclass problems.
2,542 citations
Book•
19 Nov 2010
TL;DR: In this article, the Big Picture of Inference: Direct Inference Instead of Generalization (INFI) instead of generalization (2000-2010) is presented. But this is not the case in this paper.
Abstract: Realism and Instrumentalism: Classical Statistics and VC Theory (1960-1980).- Falsifiability and Parsimony: VC Dimension and the Number of Entities (1980-2000).- Noninductive Methods of Inference: Direct Inference Instead of Generalization (2000-...).- The Big Picture.
2,497 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two possible organizations of long-term memory were proposed: the first one is to store only the generalization that birds can fly, and the second is to infer that a canary is a bird from the stored information that canary can fly.
2,468 citations