Topic
Generalized anxiety disorder
About: Generalized anxiety disorder is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7780 publications have been published within this topic receiving 437330 citations. The topic is also known as: GAD & Generalized anxiety disorder.
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TL;DR: In this article, a 7-item anxiety scale (GAD-7) had good reliability, as well as criterion, construct, factorial, and procedural validity, and increasing scores on the scale were strongly associated with multiple domains of functional impairment.
Abstract: Background Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common mental disorders; however, there is no brief clinical measure for assessing GAD. The objective of this study was to develop a brief self-report scale to identify probable cases of GAD and evaluate its reliability and validity. Methods A criterion-standard study was performed in 15 primary care clinics in the United States from November 2004 through June 2005. Of a total of 2740 adult patients completing a study questionnaire, 965 patients had a telephone interview with a mental health professional within 1 week. For criterion and construct validity, GAD self-report scale diagnoses were compared with independent diagnoses made by mental health professionals; functional status measures; disability days; and health care use. Results A 7-item anxiety scale (GAD-7) had good reliability, as well as criterion, construct, factorial, and procedural validity. A cut point was identified that optimized sensitivity (89%) and specificity (82%). Increasing scores on the scale were strongly associated with multiple domains of functional impairment (all 6 Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey scales and disability days). Although GAD and depression symptoms frequently co-occurred, factor analysis confirmed them as distinct dimensions. Moreover, GAD and depression symptoms had differing but independent effects on functional impairment and disability. There was good agreement between self-report and interviewer-administered versions of the scale. Conclusion The GAD-7 is a valid and efficient tool for screening for GAD and assessing its severity in clinical practice and research.
15,911 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The GAD-7 is a valid and efficient tool for screening for GAD and assessing its severity in clinical practice and research.
Abstract: Background Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common mental disorders; however, there is no brief clinical measure for assessing GAD. The objective of this study was to develop a brief self-report scale to identify probable cases of GAD and evaluate its reliability and validity. Methods A criterion-standard study was performed in 15 primary care clinics in the United States from November 2004 through June 2005. Of a total of 2740 adult patients completing a study questionnaire, 965 patients had a telephone interview with a mental health professional within 1 week. For criterion and construct validity, GAD self-report scale diagnoses were compared with independent diagnoses made by mental health professionals; functional status measures; disability days; and health care use. Results A 7-item anxiety scale (GAD-7) had good reliability, as well as criterion, construct, factorial, and procedural validity. A cut point was identified that optimized sensitivity (89%) and specificity (82%). Increasing scores on the scale were strongly associated with multiple domains of functional impairment (all 6 Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey scales and disability days). Although GAD and depression symptoms frequently co-occurred, factor analysis confirmed them as distinct dimensions. Moreover, GAD and depression symptoms had differing but independent effects on functional impairment and disability. There was good agreement between self-report and interviewer-administered versions of the scale. Conclusion The GAD-7 is a valid and efficient tool for screening for GAD and assessing its severity in clinical practice and research.
8,191 citations
TL;DR: The worry questionnaire was found not to correlate with other measures of anxiety or depression, indicating that it is tapping an independent construct with severely anxious individuals, and coping desensitization plus cognitive therapy was found to produce significantly greater reductions in the measure than did a nondirective therapy condition.
4,353 citations
TL;DR: Effect size estimates suggest that mindfulness-based therapy was moderately effective for improving anxiety and mood symptoms from pre- to posttreatment in the overall sample, and this intervention is a promising intervention for treating anxiety and Mood problems in clinical populations.
Abstract: Objective:Although mindfulness-based therapy has become a popular treatment, little is known about its efficacy. Therefore, our objective was to conduct an effect size analysis of this popular intervention for anxiety and mood symptoms in clinical samples.Method:We conducted a literature search using PubMed, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and manual searches. Our meta-analysis was based on 39 studies totaling 1,140 participants receiving mindfulness-based therapy for a range of conditions, including cancer, generalized anxiety disorder, depression, and other psychiatric or medical conditions. Results:Effect size estimates suggest that mindfulness-based therapy was moderately effective for improving anxiety (Hedges’sg!0.63) and mood symptoms (Hedges’sg!0.59) from pre- to posttreatment in the overall sample. In patients with anxiety and mood disorders, this intervention was associated with effect sizes (Hedges’sg) of 0.97 and 0.95 for improving anxiety and mood symptoms, respectively. These effect sizes were robust, were unrelated to publication year or number of treatment sessions, and were maintained over follow-up.Conclusions:These results suggest that mindfulnessbased therapy is a promising intervention for treating anxiety and mood problems in clinical populations.
3,115 citations
Book•
17 Jun 1988TL;DR: Barlow et al. as discussed by the authors classified generalized and specific phobias into three categories: generalized anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and anxiety disorder with three vulnerabilities: fear, anxiety, and phobia.
Abstract: 1. The Experience of Anxiety: Shadow of Intelligence or Specter of Death? 2. Fear, Anxiety, and Theories of Emotion 3. The Nature of Anxious Apprehension 4. The Phenomenon of Panic 5. Provoking Panic in the Laboratory 6. Biological Aspects of Anxiety and Panic 7. True Alarms, False Alarms, and Learned (Conditioned) Anxiety: The Origins of Panic and Phobia 8. The Origins of Anxious Apprehension, Anxiety Disorders, and Related Emotional Disorders: Triple Vulnerabilities 9. Classification of Anxiety Disorders Timothy A. Brown, David H. Barlow 10. Panic Disorder Kamila S. White, David H. Barlow 11. Specific Phobias Martin M. Antony, David H. Barlow 12. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Terence M. Keane, David H. Barlow 13. Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder) Stefan G. Hofmann, David H. Barlow 14. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Lizabeth Roemer, Susan M. Orsillo, David H. Barlow 15. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Gail Steketee, David H. Barlow
3,104 citations