Genome

About: Genome is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 74231 publications have been published within this topic receiving 3819713 citations.

Sequence-determined dna fragments and corresponding polypeptides encoded thereby

Abstract: The present invention provides DNA molecules that constitute portions of the genome of a plant, and polypeptides encoded thereby. The DNA molecules are useful for expressing a gene product, either as a promoter or as a structural gene or as an UTR or as a 3' termination sequence and are also useful in controlling expression of the target gene or as tools for genetic mapping or identification of a particular individual plant or for clustering of a group of plants with a common trait.

Genome-wide detection of alternative splicing in expressed sequences of human genes.

Abstract: We have identified 6201 alternative splice relationships in human genes, through a genome-wide analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Starting with ∼2.1 million human mRNA and EST sequences, we mapped expressed sequences onto the draft human genome sequence and only accepted splices that obeyed the standard splice site consensus. A large fraction (47%) of these were observed multiple times, indicating that they comprise a substantial fraction of the mRNA species. The vast majority of the detected alternative forms appear to be novel, and produce highly specific, biologically meaningful control of function in both known and novel human genes, e.g. specific removal of the lysosomal targeting signal from HLA-DM β chain, replacement of the C-terminal transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail in an FC receptor β chain homolog with a different transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail, likely modulating its signal transduction activity. Our data indicate that a large proportion of human genes, probably 42% or more, are alternatively spliced, but that this appears to be observed mainly in certain types of molecules (e.g. cell surface receptors) and systemic functions, particularly the immune system and nervous system. These results provide a comprehensive dataset for understanding the role of alternative splicing in the human genome, accessible at http://www.bioinformatics.ucla.edu/HASDB.

Analysis of a genome-wide set of gene deletions in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Abstract: We report the construction and analysis of 4,836 heterozygous diploid deletion mutants covering 98.4% of the fission yeast genome providing a tool for studying eukaryotic biology. Comprehensive gene dispensability comparisons with budding yeast--the only other eukaryote for which a comprehensive knockout library exists--revealed that 83% of single-copy orthologs in the two yeasts had conserved dispensability. Gene dispensability differed for certain pathways between the two yeasts, including mitochondrial translation and cell cycle checkpoint control. We show that fission yeast has more essential genes than budding yeast and that essential genes are more likely than nonessential genes to be present in a single copy, to be broadly conserved and to contain introns. Growth fitness analyses determined sets of haploinsufficient and haploproficient genes for fission yeast, and comparisons with budding yeast identified specific ribosomal proteins and RNA polymerase subunits, which may act more generally to regulate eukaryotic cell growth.

Arabidopsis Map-Based Cloning in the Post-Genome Era

Abstract: Map-based cloning is an iterative approach that identifies the underlying genetic cause of a mutant phenotype. The major strength of this approach is the ability to tap into a nearly unlimited resource of natural and induced genetic variation without prior assumptions or knowledge of specific genes. One begins with an interesting mutant and allows plant biology to reveal what gene or genes are involved. Three major advances in the past 2 years have made map-based cloning in Arabidopsis fairly routine: sequencing of the Arabidopsis genome, the availability of more than 50,000 markers in the Cereon Arabidopsis Polymorphism Collection, and improvements in the methods used for detecting DNA polymorphisms. Here, we describe the Cereon Collection and show how it can be used in a generic approach to mutation mapping in Arabidopsis. We present the map-based cloning of the VTC2 gene as a specific example of this approach.