Showing papers on "Genus published in 1977"
Book•
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: This tutorial discusses how to identify mushrooms to genus iii microscopic and california mushrooms syllabus uc berkeley college of lab # and some of the features of that work.
Abstract: how to identify mushrooms to genus iii microscopic features how to identify mushrooms to genus iii microscopic features how to identify mushrooms to genus i macroscopic features how to identify mushrooms to genus iii microscopic [a489.ebook] ebook how to identify mushrooms to genus iii how to identify mushrooms to genus iii microscopic features how to identify mushrooms to genus iii: microscopic how to identify mushrooms to genus i macroscopic features california mushrooms syllabus uc berkeley college of lab #
360 citations
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: A new scheme of classification of the higher groups of the extant Pteridophytes to the family level is proposed and the taxonomical enumeration of all genera, which amount to 443 and are subdivided into 64 families are proposed.
Abstract: Summary The main object of this paper is that of presenting a classification of all genera of the extant Pteridophytes, based on the phylogeny. First, a new scheme of classification of the higher groups of the extant Pteridophytes to the family level is proposed. It is followed by the taxonomical enumeration of all genera, which amount to 443 and are subdivided into 64 families. Altogether, the extant Pteridophytes are classified from the taxonomic level of division to that of genus. In the enumeration the genera are numbered according an arithmetical progression with a common difference of ten, i.e. the basic number for each genus is a decimal number, with the exception of the genera of uncertain taxonomic value and the intergeneric hybrids. In the enumeration, the generic name, the author, the bibliographical reference and the type species, whether a type (T.) or a lectotype (LT.), with its basionym, are given. The taxonomical enumeration of genera is accompanied by some comments in which the origin, th...
292 citations
TL;DR: It is found that while plant type and geographical range have a considerable effect, taxonomic isolation does not, except in the case of monocotyledonous herbs.
Abstract: IN this communication we analyse the insects associated with higher plants other than trees, which have already received attention1–5. We are concerned with two basic problems. First, we ask how various types of higher plants differ in the numbers of species of insects which they support; we do this by comparing standard species–area curves1,3,6,7 for five different sorts of plants. Then we consider how the “taxonomic isolation” of a plant, measured simply as the number of related species in the same genus and geographical region, might also influence the total number of insect species to be found on it. We find that while plant type and geographical range have a considerable effect, taxonomic isolation does not, except in the case of monocotyledonous herbs.
257 citations
22 May 1977
180 citations
TL;DR: The purpose of this monograph is to demonstrate the efforts towards in-situ applicability of DNA homology in the management of infectious disease in response to infectious disease outbreaks in the marine environment.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION 39 AFFINITY OF THE MARINE FACULTATIVE ANAEROBES TO THE TERRESTRIAL ENTEROBACTERIA ..... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . 40 THE Na+ REQUIREMENT OF MARINE ENTEROBACTERIA 41 TAXONOMIC CHARACTERIZATION O F THE MARINE ENTEROBACTERIA 42 Methods 0/ Speciation 42 Generic Assignments ... . . . ... . ... . .... 43 THE GENUS BENECKEA 47 General Properties .. .. . . 47 Flagellation 48 Species of the Genus Beneckea . . . .. ........ S2 B. harveyi DNA homology group 52 B. splendida DNA homology group 53 Other species oj Beneckea S3 Miscellaneous strains oj Beneckea . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... 54
107 citations
01 Jan 1977
98 citations
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of 5 families belonging to at least 33 different species are recorded from Bhutan, from where Plecoptera had not been known previously.
Abstract: Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of 5 families belonging to at least 33 different species are recorded from Bhutan, from where Plecoptera had not been known previously. Only 6 of these could be identified with formerly known species while 18 species are first named. The identity of several additional species remains doubtful for lack of adequate material or descriptions of taxa named earlier. Nemoura auberti is proposed as replacement name for N. schmidi AUBERT, 1967, (nec N. schmidi AUBERT, 1959); Leuctra indica NEEDHAM, 1909, is transferred to genus Nemoura. New diagnoses are given for the leuctrid genera Rhopalopsole and Perlomyia and placement of several of their species is changed.
91 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1977
74 citations
73 citations
TL;DR: A taxonomic revision of the fern genus Asplenium in the New Zealand region has been carried out as discussed by the authors, and four species and four subspecies are recognized, including A. terrestre, A. obtusatum subsp. northlandicum and A. maritimum.
Abstract: A taxonomic revision of the fern genus Asplenium in the New Zealand region has been carried out. Fourteen species and four subspecies are recognised. One species, A. terrestre, and three subspecies, A. obtusatum subsp. northlandicum, A. flaccidum subsp. hauraklense, and A. terrestre subsp. maritimum, are described for the first time. Typification, synonymy. range of morphological variation, chromosome number, habitat. and distribution are described for each taxon. A dichotomous key to the species is presented. The origin and development of the New Zealand Asplenium flora is briefly discussed. It has its closest affinities with that of temperate Australia from where most of the species have probably been derived. However, some species such as A. trichomanes, A. polyodon, and A. obtusatum have affinities with Northern Hemisphere, tropical, or South American floras and have therefore ultimately reached New Zealand from much further afield. The genus displays a higher mean level of ploidy (5.9) in th...
TL;DR: A checklist is given of the 89 named species of the gregarine family Lecudininae, exclusive of the 42 named species and the synonyms, lapsi calami, nomina nuda, etc., associated with the genera.
Abstract: A checklist is given of the 89 named species of the gregarine family Lecudininae, exclusive of the 42 named species of the genus Lecudina (phylum Apicomplexa, class Sporozoea, subclass Gregarinia, order Eugregarinida, suborder Aseptatina). The list includes also the synonyms, host names, locations in hosts, known geographic distributions of the species, as well as key references. Another list is given of synonyms, lapsi calami, nomina nuda, etc., associated with the genera. A new genus, Paraophioidina g.n., with type species, Paraophioidina haeckeli (Mingazzini, 1891) and a new species, Lankesteria ormieresi sp. n., are described. There are also new combinations in the genera Bhatiella, Ancora, Monocystella, Ascocystis, and Paraophioidina.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The phylogeny of the hadziid amphipods appears to correspond with the Regression Model and four new taxa of Metaniphargus are described from Aruba, Curacao, St. Martin, Anguilla, and Puerto Rico.
Abstract: The origin of the Antillean inland water fauna is discussed. It is assumed that the West Indian islands have been populated along three different lines: by dispersal, by divergence (fragmentation) and by stranding of marine elements during regression periods. – The phylogeny of the hadziid amphipods appears to correspond with the Regression Model. – The members of hadziid group are enumerated, the differences between the genera are tabulated and keyed. – The type-species of the genus Hadzia, H. fragilis, is re-examined. Hadzia taveresi is transferred to the new genus Metahadzia. – The genus Metaniphargus is re-surrected; its type-species M. curasavicus is re-described after topotypes and divided into two subspecies. Of M. nicholsoni, M. beattyi, and M. jamaicae descriptive notes, based on typical or topotypical material, are provided. Four new taxa of Metaniphargus are described from Aruba, Curacao, St. Martin, Anguilla, and Puerto Rico. — A new genus, Saliweckelia, with two new species, is described from anchihaline localities in Curacao and Bonaire.
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: Lab observations indicate that Perilypus beetles are highly predatory, with size and rigidity of victims being important limiting factors in prey acceptability and the zoogeography of the genus is discussed in terms of faunal limits and vicariance.
Abstract: Ekis, Ginter. Classification, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Genus Perilypus (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 227, 138 pages, 386 figures, 2 tables, 1977.—New World Genus Perilypus is redefined, and its natural history summarized. Species occur in at least three macrohabitats defined as oak, liana, and herbaceous assemblages. Beetles with rectangular bodies inhabit oak and liana assemblages whereas oval-bodied beetles are found among herbaceous plants; mimetic interactions are thought to be the basis for these habitat-body form correlations. Perilypus mimics are regarded as generalists having evolved in appearance and/or behavior characteristics that simulate more than one distasteful model. Altitudinally the genus ranges from sea level to 3400 meters; however, most specimens were collected between 1000 and 2000 meters. Laboratory observations indicate that Perilypus beetles are highly predatory, with size and rigidity of victims being important limiting factors in prey acceptability. The criteria used for recognition of species and of infraand suprageneric groupings are discussed and techniques for dissections, illustrations, and measurements are described, a morphological analysis of the major external and internal organs is presented, and a key to the species groups and species based on adult characteristics is provided. Larval and pupal stages of Perilypus are described for the first time. The species groups are characterized, and given for each species are, as appropriate, synonymic list, diagnostic combination, description, discussion of structural and chromatic variation, discussion of natural history, geographic distribution, etymological derivation, locality records, general notes, and illustrations. Distribution maps with symbols visually convey the geographic range of species and species groups. There are 49 species presently recognized in Perilypus and 30 of these are described for the first time. Twelve new synonymies are established. A phylogeny of Perilypus is postulated using the Hennigian method of phylogenetic analysis. The zoogeography of the genus is discussed in terms of faunal limits and vicariance. Concepts of historical zoogeography ("faunal tracks", "center of origin and dispersal", and "forest refugia") are briefly discussed and two of them are used to explain distributions of extant Perilypus taxa. Relationship discussions within the species groups vary in completeness according to availability of data. A fairly complete treatise is presented for the larger limbatus, quadrilineatus, and ornaticollis groups, but the treatment of the reventazon group, the largest group in the genus, is very fragmentary. Ancestral Perilypus probably evolved in northern Central America, during mid-Tertiary, and ultimately evolved into eight species groups. Progenitors of the frontalis, criocerides, chaletoides, and quadrilineatus groups remained in northern Central America as did all of their descendants. Ancestors of the limbatus and viridipennis groups dispersed to southern Central America; some members of both groups ultimately penetrated South America. The ornaticollis group, the most derived species group in the genus, and the reventazon group are especially widespread geographically. [Abstract in Spanish on p. 135] OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATF is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Ekis, Ginter Classification, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the genus Perilypus (Coleoptera, Cleridae) (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 227) Bibliography: p. 1. Perilypus. 2. Insects—Classification. I. Title. II. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 227. QL1.S54 no. 227 [QL596.C62] 591'.08s [595.7'64] 76-18705
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A revision of the genus Lichenoconium Petr.
Abstract: A revision of the genus Lichenoconium Petr. & Syd. (Sphaeropsidales) is presented. Ten species are accepted including L. echinosporum D. Hawksw., L. erodens M.S. Christ. & D. Hawksw. and L. parasiticum D. Hawksw. sp. nov. and L. cargillianum (Linds.) D. Hawksw. and L. usneae (Anzi) D. Hawksw. combs. nov. All species apart from L. boreale (Karst.) Petr. & Syd. are exclusively lichenicolous and species of the genus certainly occur on 58 host lichens (with unconfirmed reports for a further 11). Up to three Lichenoconium species can occur on a single host but when this arises different symptoms often result. Descriptions of the accepted species and details of the reactions of various hosts to them are presented; a key and table summarising their differences is included. The species are delimited on the basis of their anatomy and morphology without regard for the host genera infected; some then prove to be restricted to particular host genera whilst others occur on several. The identities of five excluded taxa are discussed, and it is emphasized that as currently conceived the genus is not natural and that both L. boreale and L. pertusariicola (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. will eventually require transference to other genera when generic concepts in allied non-lichenicolous fungi have been clarified. Scanning electron micrographs of conidia of most species treated are included.
TL;DR: The analysis supports the points of view presented herein that the common 2n = 32, FN = 60 configuration was independently acquired by three or more evohitionary lineages and must be considered to be derived; and totally biarmed autosomal configurations, which characterize the majority of the Phyllostomidae, are comparatively more stable than those karyotypes in which half or more of the autosomes are uniarmed.
Abstract: Gardner, A. L. (National Fish and Wildlife Laboratory, Fish and Wildlife Service, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20560) 1977. Chromosomal variation in Vampyressa and a review of chromosomal evolution in the Phyllostomidae (Chiroptera). Syst. Zool., 26:300-318.-Comparisons of the karyotypes of the species of Vampyressa suggest two modes of chromosomal rearrangements in the derivation of the Vampyressa karyotypes: pericentric inversions in V. brocki, V. nymphaea, and V. bidens; and translocations (fusions) in V. melissa and the variants of V. pusilla. This Vampyressa phylogenetic model was used to evaluate the possible derivations of the chromosomal patterns of the 97 species of phyllostomid bats whose karyotypes are known. Sufficient variation to indicate probable evolutionary patterns, in addition to that outlined for Vampyressa, was found at the species level for Micronycteris and Tonatia, and at the generic level for the Glossophaginae, Carolliinae, and Stenoderminae. The analysis supports the points of view presented herein that (1) the common (often considered the ancestral) 2n = 32, FN = 60 configuration was independently acquired by three or more evohitionary lineages and, therefore, must be considered to be derived; (2) the primitive phyllostomid karyotype had a high diploid number (near 40, but possibly as high as 46) and a low fundamental number (near minimum); (3) there was a general trend toward reduction in diploid numbers concomitant with maximization of fundamental numbers; and (4) totally biarmed autosomal configurations, which characterize the majority of the Phyllostomidae, are comparatively more stable than those karyotypes in which half or more of the autosomes are uniarmed. Fourteen karyotypes are reported here for the first time, including that of Vampyressa melissa, which has the lowest diploid number known in the Chiroptera (2n = 14). [Phyllostomidae; evolution; karyotypes.] As presently understood, Vampyressa contains five species (Peterson, 1968). Karyotypically, these five demonstrate sufficient variation to permit not only an evaluation of chromosomal evolution within the genus but insight into the karotypic origins and the directions and kinds of chromosomal change that may have occurred within the family Phyllostomidae. This analysis is based on chromosomal material processed in the field as well as on published karyotype descriptions. Field prepared material was processed by the colchicine-hypotonic citrate technique outlined by Patton (1967). Chromosomal morphology and fundamental number (FN) are as defined by Patton (1967). The specimens whose chromosomes are described herein for the first time are deposited in the collections of the Louisiana State University Museum of Zoology (LSUMZ), the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley (MVZ), and the National Museum of Natural History (USNM) as indicated in Table 1. KARYOTYPES OF Vampyressa Of the Vampyressa karyotypes discussed here, the V. melissa and V. bidens karyotypes and the V. pusilla variant from Peru have not been described previously. Vampyressa pusilla.-Two geographically distinctive chromosomal variants are known (Baker et al., 1973) and a third from Peru is described as follows: 2n =22 (&), 23 (9); FN=22 (Fig. 1, B and C). Autosomes: 1 unpaired large metacentric and 9 pairs of medium-sized to small acrocentrics. The female has an additional pair of autosomes, the smallest in the complement, here considered to be acrocentric for the determination of FN although each bears a very short second arm. The male possesses an unpaired acrocentric (designated XA in Fig. 1C), which for descrip-
TL;DR: The damselfish genus Dascyllus (family Pomacentridae) is reviewed and the nearest relative, D. reticulatus n.sp.
Abstract: The damselfish genus Dascyllus (family Pomacentridae) is reviewed. The group contains the following nine species which are primarily inhabitants of tropical reefs: albisella (Hawaiian Islands), aruanus (widespread Indo-Pacific), carneus (Indian Ocean), marginatus (Red Sea), melanurus (Indo-Australian Archipelago), reticulatus (E. Indian Ocean and W. Pacific), strasburgi (Marquesas Islands), trimaculatus (widespread Indo-Pacific), and flavicaudus n.sp. (southeastern Oceania) which is described in detail and compared with its nearest relative, D. reticulatus. A brief diagnosis, illustration, and notes on the general biology of each species is provided. In addition, a key to the species of Dascyllus and tables of meristic and morphometric data are included.
Book•
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: The genus Lactuca L. in Europe, the fruit of the fruit tree of the tree of Tournais, is known as "Lactuca lactuca" because of its fruit-like appearance.
Abstract: The genus Lactuca L. in Europe , The genus Lactuca L. in Europe , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
TL;DR: The genus Aphaereta Foerster is revised for the New World and three new species are described from North America, and one from the Dominican Republic.
Abstract: The genus Aphaereta Foerster is revised for the New World. A tabular comparison of the 16 included species is presented. Three new species ( A. lonchaeae, A. marshi , and A. megalops ) are described from North America, and one ( A. subtropicalis ) from the Dominican Republic. Three species are redescribed, and 4 are synonymized. Intraspecific variation and interspecific relationships are briefly discussed.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This, the first study using cladistical methodology for deducing the evolutionary history of a group of parasitic helminths, demonstrates the feasibility and applicability of that methodology.
Abstract: Brooks, D. R. (Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, P.O. Box A.G., Ocean Springs, MS 39564) 1977. Evolutionary history of some plagiorchioid trematodes of anurans. Syst. Zool. 26:277-289.-Cladistic interrelationships of plagiorchioid genera found in anuran intestines and of species of the genus Glypthelmins are analyzed to determine pattems of dispersal and vicariance. The first analysis reveals three generic lineages, each characterized by one genus whose species are distributed on four or more continents or subcontinents in addition to related genera restricted in number of species and found on a single continent or two adjacent continents. Examination of the distribution of the three characteristic genera, Mesocoelium, Opisthioglyphe, and Glypthelmins, suggests similar but not congruent dispersal-tracks and shows different centers of form-making for each. In the second analysis, cladistic (genealogical) relationships of species of Glypthelmins in the Old World and of species in Central and North America can be accounted for on the basis of vicariance from widely-distributed ancestral taxa. Vicariance of the South American species corresponds with the phylogeny of their hosts as proposed by Lynch (1973). This, the first study using cladistical methodology for deducing the evolutionary history of a group of parasitic helminths, demonstrates the feasibility and applicability of that methodology. [Evolutionary history; cladistics; biogeography; vicariance; continental drift; coevolution; anuran parasites; plagiorchioid digeneans.]
TL;DR: The "West Indian" avocado was the first one known to Europeans although there is no record of the tree in the West Indies at the time of discovery.
Abstract: The larger American genera of the Lauraceae are notoriously difficult taxonomically and Persea is no exception. Persea can be separated into two subgenera, subg. Persea and subg. Eriodaphne, and these are about as distinct as some of the genera in the Lauraceae. The type of the genus Persea is Persea americana Miller, Gardners Dictionary, ed. 8. 1768. Miller's rather full account indicates that he was discussing the ordinary \"West Indian\" avocado for he wrote: \"The fruit is as large as one of the largest Pears, enclosing a seed with two lobes, included in a thin shell.\" The plant was said to grow in the \"Spanish West-Indies, as also in the island of Jamaica, and has been transplanted into most of the English settlements in the WestIndies. . This plant with the pyriform fruits was the only one that Linnaeus knew and was included in the Species Plantarum 370. 1753, as Laurus Persea. The \"West Indian\" avocado was the first one known to Europeans although there is no record of the tree in the West Indies at the time of discovery. The name \"West Indian\" avocado or, in this century, \"West Indian\" race has been applied to this plantunfortunately. Since Persea americana Miller is the type of the genus it is also the type of the subgenus Persea. Miss Kopp in her \"A taxonomic revision of the genus Persea in the western hemisphere,\" Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 14:1117. 1966, apparently accepted Nees'Persae Propriae (Linnaea 8:49. 1833) as a basionym for the subgenus Persea. Since none of the species given by Nees is a synonym, or even a relative, of Persea amenicana and only one of them belongs in the genus Persea the basionym chosen by Miss Kopp is incorrect and does not agree with her correct statement
Book•
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic and taxonomic problems in the acrostichoid fern genus Bolbitis (Lomariopsidaceae) are dealt with and the results are described and discussed.
Abstract: The present study deals with systematic and taxonomic problems in the acrostichoid fern genus Bolbitis (Lomariopsidaceae). The idea came from Prof. Holttum, Kew, in view of his intended revision of the lomariopsidoid ferns for Flora Malesiana. Originally the study was confined to the Asian representatives. However, various problems remained unsolved after the study of these taxa alone, and it was decided to monograph the genus. The taxonomy of the genus Bolbitis was seriously misunderstood in the past—parallel evolution obscuring true relationships—and a rather intricate synonymy has resulted. A brief historical sketch of its taxonomic adventures is worked out. The gross-morphological criteria used for the discrimination of the species by Copeland (who revised the Asian representatives in 1928) and Ching (who revised ser. Egenolfianae in 1931) could not be applied satisfactorily to the ample material at hand. Therefore, several features of the sporophyte were analyzed in detail, including rhizome- and petiole-anatomy, venation pattern and spore-morphology. The results are described and discussed. Further, the possible occurrence of hybridization and polyploidization was investigated. For this purpose a collection of different species was taken into cultivation and their mitotic and/or meiotic chromosome number and behaviour recorded. A limited number of species could also be studied in the field. From several species significant information on the morphology of the juvenile leaf stages could be obtained. As could be demonstrated the delimitation of the genus as given especially by Ching (in Christensen, 1934) is largely correct, though he included the species with anastomosing veins only. A number of Ching’s species, however, are excluded and referred to non-lomariopsidoid genera. Also, in a few cases, species from other genera are here included in the genus for the first time. As most of the taxa under discussion were formerly included in Leptochilus, this genus was critically investigated as well. The results will be published separately. The genus Bolbitis as here defined and emended includes the genera Egenolfia and Edanyoa. Fourty-four species (one of which new) and 13 hybrids (12 of which new) are recognized, based on morphological criteria. The venation pattern and the spores provide important characters. In some species infraspecific categories are listed. Identification keys to all taxa are included. The genus is subdivided into 10 series which accommodate a total of 34 species; another ten species are separately listed mostly in view of their suspected hybrid origin. Hybrids could be detected because of structural irregularities, especially in spores, but usually also as to other features. Putative hybrids between cytotypes of one species are not separately listed. Generic and/or specific delimitation differs considerably from that given by Ching (in Christensen, 1934), Christensen (1934), Holttum (1954), and Copeland (1960); the latter eventually recognized 97 different species in four different genera ( Stenosemia dimorpha included). Notes are given on specific delimitation. Data are supplied which stress the evolutionary importance of polyploidization, hybridization, vegetative propagation, and the retention of juvenile characters, factors that may explain the often fascinating diversity found within many species. The study of ontogenetic leaf stages (which may be very different from adult ones) has received great attention after it was understood that at least part of the variation as found in the adult sterile leaves recalls features found in the juvenile leaves. The relation between ontogeny and phylogeny is shortly discussed. Some facts are given which support my impression that the retention of juvenile characters may have played an important role during the diversification within the genus. Some general considerations about the probably great general significance of the retention of juvenile characters for the past diversification of the leptosporangiate ferns are included. It is postulated that the recognition ofthis neglected phenomenon may add considerably to our understanding also of the larger groups of leptosporangiate ferns.
TL;DR: Original chromosome counts are presented for 95 species in 78 genera of Leguminosae and new information concerns Myroxylon (Papilionoideae-Sophoreae), which clearly has 2n = 26, which is compatible with the number of n = 13 in the related genus Myrospermum.
Abstract: Original chromosome counts are presented for 95 species in 78 genera of Leguminosae Of these, 50 are first reports for genera, and 71 are first reports for species The evolutionary or systematic significance of much of the data has been discussed in a separate paper (Goldblatt, 1981), and this article serves mainly for full documentation of the counts New information, not previously dealt with, concerns Myroxylon (Papilionoideae-Sophoreae) The genus was previously reported as n = 14, but material I have studied clearly has 2n = 26, which is compatible with the number of n = 13 in the related genus Myrospermum
TL;DR: From the known species occurring in crocodilians, the genus Dujardinascaris is redefined and found to be a homogenous group of species, with dujardini Travassos, 1920 as the type species.
Abstract: From the known species occurring in crocodilians, the genus Dujardinascaris is redefined and found to be a homogenous group of species, with dujardini Travassos, 1920 as the type species. The following new species are described and added to the genus: gedoelsti, puylaerti, waltoni, mawsonae and taylorae. The following species are excluded from the genus: vandenbrandeni, australiensis, tasmani, alata and antipini. The distribution of the species in Dujardinascaris is as follows: in African crocodiles—dujardini, madagascariensis, gedoelsti, and puylaerti; in South American caimans—longispicula, paulista, and chabaudi (possibly a synonym of paulista); in North American alligator—waltoni; in Crocodylus acutus—helicina; in the Indian gavial—woodlandi; in crocodiles in Papua New Guinea and Australia—mawsonae and taylorae. These species are differentiated mainly by the relative length of the spicules and the form of the gubernaculums in the males and by the relative length of the vagina and the form of the vulva in the females.
TL;DR: There were many differences between the type strains in their morphological and physiological characteristics as well as in the guanine-plus-cytosine (G+C) contents of their deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs) and it is proposed to split the genus Microcyclus into three genera, each containing a single species.
Abstract: The type strains of the three currently recognized species of the genus Microcyclus Orskov 1928 (M. aquaticus Orskov, strain ATCC 25396; M. major Gromov, strain BKM 859; and M. flavus Raj, strain ATCC 23276), together with strains apparently belonging to each species, were examined to determine their taxonomic relationships. There were many differences between the type strains in their morphological and physiological characteristics as well as in the guanine-plus-cytosine (G+C) contents of their deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs). Therefore, we propose to split the genus Microcyclus into three genera, each containing a single species. M. aquaticus, the type species of Microcyclus, remains as the only species in the genus. It is characterized by the formation of cellular rings which are produced when the ends of the curved cells overlap. It is nonpigmented and is respiratory in its metabolism; the G+C content of its DNA ranges from 66.3 to 68.4 mol%. M. flavus ATCC 22376 and three similar strains were found to possess characters in agreement with those given in the original description of Spirosoma linguale, and they were placed in that species. The name M. flavus Raj 1970 thus becomes a later subjective synonym of Spirosoma linguale (Eisenberg 1891) Migula 1894. This species is characterized by the formation of wavy and coiled filaments, yellow pigmentation on Microcyclus-Spirosoma (MS) agar, and respiratory metabolism. The G+C content of its DNA ranges from 51.0 to 52.9 mol%. Strain DSM 74 is designated as the neotype strain of S. linguale. M. Major BKM 859 and one similar strain were placed in a new genus, Flectobacillus. F. major (Gromov) comb, nov., the type species, is composed of rods which are straight to curved, the degree of curvature varying among individual cells within a culture. The cells may form long, sinuous filaments and rings. Colonies on MS agar are pale pink to rose-colored. Metabolism is respiratory, and the G+C content of its DNA ranges from 39.5 to 40.3 mol%. The type strain of F. major is strain BKM 859.
TL;DR: The Australian Faniidae are revised, and notes given on species from the adjacent regions of the Pacific and New Zealand.
Abstract: Australian Faniidae are revised, and notes given on species from the adjacent regions of the Pacific and New Zealand. Mention is made of the medical and veterinary significance of the group. Thirteen species in three genera are included. One new genus, Australofannia, is described with the type-species A. spiniclunis. Six new species are described: Australofannia spiniclunis, Fannia anteroventralis, F. norfolki, F. tasmaniae, F. howei and F. capitalis.
TL;DR: Electrophoretic analysis of the five species in the genus Uma reveals three distinct groups: U. exsul and U. paraphygas, the two Mexican species, are genetically divergent from one another and from the three Californian species, U. inornata andU.
Abstract: Electrophoretic analysis of the five species in the genus Uma reveals three distinct groups. U. exsul and U. paraphygas, the two Mexican species, are genetically divergent from one another and from the three Californian species, U. notata, U. inornata and U. scoparia, which cluster closely. The genetic distance between U. exsul and U. paraphygas (D = 0.25) is comparable to between-species distances for other lizards; the U. notata-U. inornata-U. scoparia group exhibits genetic distances (D = 0.02) similar to those between conspecific populations of other taxa. I consider the U. notata-U. inornata-U. scoparia group a single species. Heterozygosity levels are extremely low in Uma (1%) and are comparable to those of recently studied non-vagile fossorial species such as Bipes and Anniella.