Showing papers on "Genus published in 1987"

Biology of Liriomyza

Abstract: The genus Liriomyza. erected in 1894 (52), contains more than 300 species. They are distributed widely but are most commonly found in temperate areas; there are relatively few species in the tropics. Within this genus 23 species are economically important, causing damage to agricultural and ornamental plants by their leaf mining activity (94). Many of these damaging species are polyphagous, which is uncommon among the Agromyzidae; of 2450 de­ scribed species in this family only 11 are considered to be truly polyphagous, and 5 of these are in the genus Liriomyza (93). "Serpentine leaf miner" was proposed as a common name for any member of this genus because of the wide distribution, polyphagous nature, and morphological similarity of many of the species (98). The Entomological Society of America has adopted this naming policy, with a few exceptions (112). Indeed, many larvae of Liriomyza create serpentine mines, which are initially very narrow and gradually enlarge (57), often twisting through the leaf. However, the type of mine produced by Liriomyza may be influenced by the developmental stage of the leaf as well as by the host itself (99). Thus, the mines are not always serpentine in all host plants. In addition, mine location in leaves may vary considerably, and either the upper or lower leaf mesophyll may be mined (5, 71). Some species have larval stages that feed in potato tubers (50), bore through stems (34), and feed within seed heads (86). Most of our knowledge concerning the biology of this genus comes from studies on economically important species. These data have been developed largely since 1900, with an explosion of information since 1975 (76). This reflects the dramatic rise of Liriomyza spp. as major pests of numerous ornamental and agricultural crops over the past ten years (72). As a result of

A monograph of the lichen genus Parmelia Acharius sensu stricto (Ascomycotina: Parmeliaceae)

Abstract: Hale, Mason E., Jr. A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Parmelia Acharius sensu stricto (Ascomycotina: Parmeliaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, number 66, 55 pages, 25 figures, 1987.--The 38 species of Parmelia Acharius sensu stricto are revised at the world level. The genus is characterized by punctate or effigurate pseudocyphellae, a black lower surface with simple, furcate or squarrose rhizines, simple hyaline spores, and cylindrical to weakly bifusiform conidia. The most frequent secondary metabolites are salazinic acid and protocetraric acid. Parmelia is an extremely conservative genus, most common in temperate-boreal and austral regions, with a low level of vegetative morph formation and speciation. The greatest concentrations of species are found in Japan and New Zealand. Seven new species are described: P. neodiscordans Hale, P. norcrambidiocarpa Hale, P. novae-zelandiae Hale, P. queemlanderuis Hale, l? salcrambidiocarpa Hale, P. skultii Hale, and P. subtestacea Hale. O ~ C I A L PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Leaf clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold and Zuccarini. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Hale, Mason E., Jr. A monograph of the lichen genus Pannelia Acharius sensu stricto (Ascomycotha: Parmeliaceae) (Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 66) Bibliography: p. Includes index. Supt of Docs. no. SI1.29:66. 1 . Parmelia-Classification. 2. Lichens-Classification. I. Title. 11. Series. QKl.SZ747 no. 66 581 s 86607945 [QK585.P2] [589.1]

Allozyme Divergence and the Evolution of Dendroseris (Compositae: Lactuceae) on the Juan Fernandez Islands

Abstract: The genus Dendroseris, consisting of rosette trees or shrubs, is endemic to the Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile. With 11 species it is the largest genus on the Islands. The considerable morphological diversity among the species is reflected by the recognition of three subgenera. The relatively young age of the Islands, ca. four million years for Masatierra and one to two million for Masafuera, indicates that speciation may have occurred recently and rapidly in Dendroseris. An electrophoretic study of 14 enzymes revealed little divergence among the six species examined. The three species in subgenus Dendroseris and the three in subgenus Rea are all monomorphic for the same allele at 21 of the 34 genes. The two subgenera are fixed for different alleles at two genes, which supports their recognition as monophyletic lines. The lack of divergence among the species at genes specifying soluble enzymes is concordant with the hypothesis of rapid speciation, perhaps the result of adaptive radiation into a variety of habitats. The chromosome number of n = 18 in Dendroseris suggests it is a tetraploid. Enzyme electrophoresis revealed extensive gene duplication in Dendroseris indicating the genus likely consists of relatively "young" tetraploids. Data from gene number indicate that polyploidy may have been associated with the origin of Dendroseris from a diploid progenitor, or that polyploidy was established shortly after the origin of the genus.

A Review of the Family Portulacaceae

Abstract: A number of attributes that has proved useful to delimit subfamilial taxa within the Portulacaceae are critically assessed and some little used ones are introduced. The attributes are polarised by an outgroup comparison and a Wagner tree constructed. Some reversals which occur on this tree are considered unacceptable and branches are moved to eliminate this factor, although a longer tree, in terms of character state changes, is produced. A phylogenetic sequence is proposed on this basis and a new classification of the family attempted. On the basis of these results it is suggested that: (1) the genus Calandrinia s.1. be divided into five genera; (2) the genera Talinaria and Anacampseros are closely related; (3) Talinum may not be a natural genus; (4) the family can be conveniently divided into five tribes. A biogeographical analysis indicates that closer floristic relationships exist between western America and Australia and between eastern America and Africa than between eastern and western America or between Australia and Africa.

Nuclear DNA variation in the genus Allium L. (Liliaceae)

Abstract: 4C nuclear DNA contents were determined for 42 Allium species, selected from all major taxonomic sections in the genus. Estimates of nuclear volumes were also made. A range of 4C DNA values from 41·19 pg to 142·78 pg was found, largely unrelated to basic chromosome number, polyploidy or taxonomic group, but correlated with flowering time. The results are discussed in relation to distribution of DNA values in the genus, proportions of chromosome C-banding, breeding systems and climatic adaptation.

Megantereon cultridens (Cuvier) (Mammalia, Felidae, Machairodontinae) from Plio-Pleistocene deposits in Africa and Eurasia, with comments on dispersal and the possibility of a New World origin

Abstract: African machairodont specimens previously referred to three species of Megantereon are considered to represent a single species in turn argued to be conspecific with the Eurasian species Megantereon cultridens (Cuvier). The area of origin of Megantereon remains unclear, but doubt is expressed about claims for an earliest appearance of the genus in North America. It is probable that the North American species M. hesperus is a junior synonym of M. cultridens .

Plesiotrygon iwamae, a new genus and species of neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae)

Abstract: A new genus and species of neotropical freshwater stingray are described from the upper and mid-Amazon drainage, in Ecuador and Brazil (Rio Napo and Rio Solimbes). The new taxa are characterized by a long filiform tail, reduced eyes, and low number of pectoral-fin radials. The new genus, presently monotypic, is hypothesized to be primitive relative to the other genera of the family (Potamotrygon and Paratrygon). A key to the genera of Potamotrygonidae is presented.

The subfamily Molytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): General notes and descriptions of new taxa from New Zealand and Chile

Abstract: The vaginal and intersegmental pouches observed in female Curculionoidea are reported and termed according to location. Subfamily characters are reassessed and 18 taxa previously with subfamily rank are demoted to tribes of Molytinae. These are listed with the other tribes of the world fauna of the subfamily. A few general remarks on the New Zealand molytine elements are made and a key to the genera of the tribe Molytini of New Zealand is presented. Four species are described from New Zealand: tribe Molytini — Karocolens pittospori n. g., n. sp., Lyperobius coxalis n.sp., and L. nesidiotes n.sp.; tribe Phrynixini — Tymbopiptus valeas n.g., n.sp. (based on 1800 and 1680 years old subfossil fragments of a presumably extinct fern-weevil). The genus Germainius n.g. is erected for the Chilean fern-weevil Philippius laesicollis (Fairmaire & Germain). The following synonymies of genera are established: Euodontus Broun, 1883 (also spelt Eudontus) is synonymised under Pogonorhinus Broun, 1883; Metopotoma Casey, No...

Monograph of the Neotropical Fern Genus Polybotrya (Dryopteridaceae)

Abstract: The genus Polybotrya (Dryopteridaceae) includes 35 species of neotropical ferns. It is distinguished by 1) strongly dimorphic leaves with fertile leaves that resemble skeletons of the sterile, photosynthetic ones; 2) usually high-climbing stems that are covered with scales; and 3) a unique stem anatomy with 5 to 12 circularly arranged meristeles, each surrounded by a black sclerenchymatous sheath, with numerous tiny leaf traces arching between adjacent meristeles. The center of diversity of the genus is the Andes, where 23 species occur, 12 of which are endemic. The coastal mountains of southeastern Brazil are notable because they contain 5 species, all endemic. The range of Polybotrya is from Chiapas, Mexico, southward through Central America; the West Indies; northern South America southward along the Andes to Bolivia and Paraguay and eastward to the Guiana Highlands; the Amazon River basin and the Matto Grosso; and southeastern Brazil. Species of the genus typically inhabit wet, shaded, primary tropical forests from sea level to 2500 m, most often occurring at middle altitudes between 500 and 2000 m. Polybotrya is divided into three subgenera: 1) Soromanes, leaves simply pinnate and veins anastomosing; 2) Sorhifolia, leaves simply or twice pinnate and veins free, close, and parallel; and 3) Polybotrya, leaves decompound and veins free. Polybotrya cervina, a species usually included in Polybotrya, is removed to the monotypic genus Olfersia (Moran 1986). Polybotrya is related to dryopteroid genera such as Arachniodes, Cyclodium, Maxonia. Olfersia, and Polystichopsis. Carl Christensen, the father of modem fern taxonomy, observed (1916) that Polybotrya may have arisen from Maxonia because both have high-climbing stems and strongly dimorphic leaves. The morphological and anatomical evidence presented here suggests that Polybotrya may have evolved instead from a Cyclodium-like ancestor. I chose Polybotrya for study because two aspects of the genus immediately intrigued me: its strongly differentiated sterile and fertile leaves and its long, creeping hemiepiphytic stem (Fig. 1). Since these features evolved separately in unrelated fern genera, studying Polybotrya might well provide insight into broader questions of fern evolution. Polybotrya was suited to monographic study because the number of species (35), all of which are neotropical, was manageable. Finally, no previous monographic work had been done on Polybotrya and many problems of nomenclature and identification remained to be solved.

Errata: Molecular Studies of Thamnophiine Snakes: 1. The Phylogeny of the Genus Nerodia

Abstract: Multiple method analyses of allozyme frequency data from all species of the genera Nerodia and Regina, and a representative of the genus Thamnophis, are in close agreement. Nerodia is seen to be composed of three distinct lineages, the taxispilota group, the cyclopion group, and the sipedon group. The sipedon group includes the genus Thamnophis, and thus the genus Nerodia is paraphyletic. The genus Regina is also composed of three lineages, at least two of which appear distinct from Nerodia. Taxonomic rearrangements are suggested on the basis of these findings. The North American water snakes, genus Nerodia, are a conspicuous element of the snake fauna of the United States because of their relatively large size, generally aggressive temperament, and abundance in many areas. The systematics and evolution of certain groups within this genus have received the attention of numerous authors, but the genus as a whole has not been studied extensively. Clay (1938) provided a synopsis of the information covering the taxa recognized at that time. However, his was a preliminary study and consisted only of a key and a species list, with diagnostic characteristics and geographic ranges for each taxon. Cliburn (1960) made an extensive study of the genus based on external morphology and attempted to divide it into natural groups. Cliburn's scenario relied heavily on geological data for the area occupied by the genus and on the present-day distribution of taxa included within each species group. The fact that some of his groups appear to be unnatural has led to doubt about his evolutionary conclusions. In studies of the relationships among natricine genera, Mao and Dessauer (1971, immunological distance), Eberle (1972, 1 Present address: Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA, and Department of Herpetology, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118, USA. chromosome morphology), Varkey (1979, cranial myology), and Rossman et al. (1982, topography of visceral organs) examined most species of Nerodia. Each study attempted to discern natricine relationships at or above the generic level, and thus these character sets were uninformative about relationships at the species level. The close relationship of the garter snakes (Thamnophis) and the crayfish snakes (Regina) to the water snakes (Nerodia) has long been recognized. The exact affinities of these three genera have, however, remained enigmatic. Here I use the technique of starch-gel electrophoresis to investigate protein variation in Nerodia, Thamnophis and Regina. I then assess evolutionary relationships among species of the genus Nerodia and attempt to determine the affinities of the genera Thamnophis, Regina, and Nerodia. I have elsewhere stated my rationale for using the electrophoretic technique, and I assessed the strengths and weaknesses of the molecular approach for systematic studies (Lawson, 1985). MATERIALS AND METHODS The methods employed for tissue collection, tissue storage, and homogenate preparation have been described previously (Lawson and Dessauer, 1979). Standard horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis was used (Selander et al., 1971), with staining methods for enzymes following Harris and Hopkinson (1976) with minor modiThis content downloaded from 207.46.13.145 on Wed, 27 Apr 2016 05:33:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms PHYLOGENY OF NERODIA fications. A total of 35 protein-encoding loci was assayed for allelic variation; electrophoretic conditions for each locus are summarized in Appendix 1. Snakes are deposited as voucher specimens, principally in the Louisiana State University Museum of Zoology. Appendix 3 provides collecting localities and catalog numbers. Designation of loci and alleles follows that of Lawson and Dessauer (1979). Electromorphs were interpreted as allelic products, and allele frequencies were calculated for all polymorphic loci. Because the best way of analyzing electrophoretic data in systematics is at present unknown, I have taken multiple approaches which include both quantitative and qualitative methods, as recommended by Patton and Avise (1983) and Buth (1984). For the quantitative analyses, matrices of pairwise genetic distance (Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards, 1967; Rogers, 1972; Nei, 1978) were computed from allele frequencies at the 35 loci assayed. Nei's (1978) unbiased genetic distance was used to generate a phenogram using the unweighted pair group using mathematical averages (UPGMA) algorithm (Sokal and Michener, 1958); a minimum-length Wagner tree (Farris, 1972) was generated from the matrix of chord distances (Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards, 1967); and a minimum-evolution tree was derived from Rogers' (1972) genetic distances using the computer program PHYLAL (Rogers, 1984) with its TRETOP subroutine. Three ways by which qualitative analysis of electrophoretic data may be attempted were tried. Swofford's (1984) computer program PAUP, which will analyze discreet state allelic data and find all equally parsimonious bifurcating trees (cladograms), was used with the data coded in two different ways. In method one, loci were treated as characters and allelic arrays at loci as states. Whenever possible the ordering of evolutionary sequence of an allelic array was performed using the "minimum allele turnover model" (Mickevich and Mitter, 1981, 1983; Buth, 1984). For a number of loci it was not possible to determine a transformation series for the character states, and thus for computing purposes these were treated as unordered (Swofford, 1984). In a second, alternative approach, alleles were coded as either present or absent over all polymorphic loci for each operational taxonomic unit. This method of data coding avoids the serious loss of cladistic information which can occur when other coding methods such as the "minimum allele turnover model" are used, but is disadvantageous in that it assumes for loci with more than two alleles that each derived allele has arisen independently from the primitive state. In using this method of data coding I temporarily combined taxa separated only by autapomorphs, a procedure recommended by Swofford (1984) to reduce the total number of equally parsimonious trees found. Another approach to the phylogenetic analysis of allozyme data is locus-by-locus Hennigian analysis performed "by hand" (Baverstock et al., 1979; Patton et al., 1981; Honeycutt and Williams, 1982; Patton and Avise, 1983; Sites et al., 1984; Lanyon, 1985). In using this method, which is logically similar to method two above, I treated loci as characters and individual alleles at loci as character states. Character states were divided into synplesiomorphs (shared primitive states), synapomorphs (shared derived states), and autapomorphs (derived states unique to a terminal taxon) and this information was used to construct a cladogram consistent with the data. The advantage of cladistic analysis by the program PAUP over the "by hand" method lies in global branch swapping which allows the finding of all equally parsimonious trees and in the calculation of branch lengths corresponding to amounts of anagenesis. For the cladistic analyses, where possible, polarity of character states was determined by taxonomic outgroup comparison (TOG); to correct for differences in sample sizes of the OTUs alleles occuring at frequencies <0.050 were excluded. I previously determined that some members of the genus Nerodia are relatively primitive among the thamnophiine snakes based on molecular evidence (Lawson, unpubl. obs.). This precludes the use of other members of the Thamnophiini as suitable TOGs. 141 This content downloaded from 207.46.13.145 on Wed, 27 Apr 2016 05:33:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

Revision of the neotropical cichlid genus Gymnogeophagus Ribeiro, 1918, with descriptions of two new species (Pisces, Perciformes)

Abstract: The Neotropical cichlid genus Gymnogeophagus Ribeiro, 1918 is revised. The following species are considered valid and are redescribed: G. rhabdotus (Hensel, 1870), G. gymnogenys (Hensel, 1870), G. labiatus (Hensel, 1870), G. balzanii (Perugia, 1891) and G. australis (Eigenmann, 1907). In addition, two new species are described: G. lacustris, sp. n., from the coastal region of southern Brazil and G. meridionalis, sp. n., from the lower Rio Parana and Rio Uruguay systems. Lectotypes are designated for Geophagus bucephalus Hensel, 1870 (= G. labiatus) and Geophagus scymnophilus Hensel, 1870 (= G. labiatus) and the phylogenetic relationships among the species are analyzed. An osteological description based mainly on G. meridionalis is presented. A map of species distribution and a key to the species are provided.

Pseudococcidae (Insecta: Hemiptera)

Abstract: A total of 114 species of mealybugs are described and figured. This total comprises the 47 species hitherto known from New Zealand and 67 newly recorded ones, 61 of which are new to science. They are grouped into 28 genera, of which 8 are new- Acrochordonus , Agastococcus , Asaphococcus , Chryseococcus , Cyphonococcus , Crocydococcus , Maskellococcus , and Renicaula . Twenty-five new combinations are proposed: Asaphococcus montanus , Chryseococcus arecae , C. longispinus , Balanococcus cockaynei , B. cordylinidis , B. danthoniae , B. diminutus , B. wisei , Crocydococcus cottieri , Cyphonococcus alpinus , C. iceryoides , Maskellococcus obtectus , Paracoccus canalis , P. coriariae , P. drimydis , P. glaucus , P. insolitus , P. miro , P. zealandicus , Rastrococcus asteliae , Renicaula chionochloae , R. junci , R. raouliae , Spilococcus leucopogi , and Ventrispina otagoensis . Five synonymies are proposed: Trionymus dissimilis Brittin with Balanococcus danthoniae (Morrison), Trionymus chiltoni Brittin with Cvphonococcus alpinus (Maskell), Trionymus zealandicus Brittin with Paracoccus canalis (Brittin), Trionymus morrisoni Brittin with Paracoccus glaucus (Maskell), and Spilococcus cactearum McKenzie with S. leucopogi (Brittin). The subspecies Trionymus diminutus cordylinidis Brittin is raised to specific level, and the previously synonymised species Pseudococcus viticis Green is resurrected. The text includes a brief historical review of the work previously done on this group in New Zealand, and notes on mounting techniques, morphology, life cycle, and economic importance. Host-plant records are listed where available for each mealybug species, and the mealybugs recorded from each known host-plant are listed in an appendix. Checklist of Taxa Acrochordonus new genus chionochloae new species curtatus new species Agastococcus new genus zelandiensis new species Asaphococcus new genus agninus new species amissus new species montanus (Brittin, 1938) new combination Genus Asteliacoccus Williams, 1985 zelandigena new species Genus Balanococcus Williams, 1962 aberrans new species acerbus new species agnostus new species alpigenus new species botulus new species celmisiae new species cockaynei (Brittin, 1915) new combination conglobatus new species contextus new species cordylinidis (Brittin, 1938) new combination and status cortaderiae new species danthoniae (Morrison, 1925) new combination dissimilis (Brittin, 1938) new synonymy diminutus (Leonardi, 1918) new combination dracophylli new species gahniicola new species mayae new species nelsonensis new species notodanthoniae new species poae (Maskell, 1879) new combination globatus (Brittin, 1915) sexaspinus (Brittin, 1915) new combination tunakinensis new species turriseta new species wisei (Williams & de Boer, 1973) new combination Genus Chorizococcus McKenzie, 1960 oreophilus Williams, 1985 Chryseococcus new genus arecae (Maskell, 1890) new combination oamaruensis (Brittin, 1915) occultum (Brittin, 1915) raouliae (Brittin, 1938) dendrobii (Brittin, 1938) longispinus (Beardsley, 1964) new combination Genus Crisicoccus Ferris, 1950 australis new species comatus new species indigenus new species tokaanuensis new species Crocydococcus new genus cottieri (Brittin, 1938) new combination Cyphonoccus new genus alpinus (Maskell, 1884) new combination chiltoni (Brittin, 1938) new synonymy furvus new species iceryoides (Maskell, 1892) new combination Genus Dysmicoccus Ferris, 1950 ambiguus (Morrison, 1925) arcanus new species delitescens new species formicicola (Maskell, 1892) ornatus new species rupestris new species viticis (Green, 1929) resurrected species, new combination Genus Eurycoccus Ferris, 1950 antiscius Williams, 1985 Genus Ferrisicoccus Ezzat & McConnell, 1956 celmisicola new species Genus Laminicoccus Williams, 1960 asteliae new species eastopi new species flandersi Williams, 1985 Maskellococcus new genus nothofagi new species obtectus (Maskell, l 890) new combination Genus Nipaecoccus Sulc, 1945 aurilanatus (Maskell, 1890) Genus Paracoccus Ezzat & McConnell, 1956 abnormalis new species acaenae new species albatus new species aspratilis new species butcherae new species canalis (Brittin, 1938) new combination zealandicus (Brittin, 1938) new synonymy cavaticus new species coriariae (Brittin, 1938) new combination cryptus new species deboerae new species deceptus new species definitus new species drimydis (Brittin, 1938) new combination glaucus (Maskell, 1879) new combination morrisoni (Brittin, 1938) new synonymy hebes new species insolitus (Brittin, 1938) new combination leptospermi new species longicauda new species miro (de Boer, 1967) new combination multiductus new species nothofagicola new species parvicirculus new species podocarpi new species redactus new species zealandicus (Ezzat & McConnell, 1956) new combination Genus Paraferrisia Williams & de Boer, 1973 podocarpi (Brittin, 1938) Genus Phenacoccus Cockerell, 1893 Paroudablis Cockerell, 1900 graminicola Leonardi, 1908 graminosus McKenzie, 1960 Genus Planococcus Ferris, 1950 citri (Risso, 1813) phyllococcus (Ashmead, 1879) destructor (Comstock, 1881) calceolariae var. minor (Maskell, 1897) citri var. phenacocciformis (Brain, 1915) dubius new species mali Ezzat & McConnell, 1956 Genus Pseudococcus Westwood, 1840 affinis (Maskell, 1894) obscurus Essig, 1909 capensis Brain, 1912 longispinus var. latipes Green, 1917 malacearum Ferris, 1950 calceolariae (Maskell, 1879) fragilis Brain, 1912 gahani Green, 1915 citrophilus Clausen, 1915 hypergaeus Williams, 1985 longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti) longifilis (Comstock, 1881) similans (Lidgett, 1898) zelandicus new species Genus Rastrococcus Ferris, 1954 asteliae (Maskell, 1884) Renicaula new genus chionochloae (de Boer, 1968) new combination junci (de Boer, 1968) new combination pauca new species raouliae (de Boer, 1968) new combination Genus Rhizoecus Kūnckel d'Herculais, 1878 californicus Ferris, 1953 plantaginis Hambleton. 1974 deboerae Hambleton, 1974 dianthi Green, 1926 pritchardi McKenzie, 1960 eluminatus McKenzie, 1960 falcifer Kūnckel d'Herculais, 1878 africanus Brain, 1915 decoratus Green, 1926 moruliferus Green, 1933 terrestris Newstead, 1895 graminis Hambleton, 1946 perprocerus de Lotto, 1961 oliveri Cox, 1978 puhiensis Hambleton, 1974 rumicis Maskell, 1892 Genus Sarococcus Williams & de Boer, 1973 comis new species deplanatus new species fagi (Maskell, 1891) undatus new species Genus Spilococcus Ferris, 1950 geoffreyi new species leucopogi (Brittin, 1938) new combination cactearum McKenzie, 1960 new synonymy Genus Ventrispina Williams, 1985 crebrispina new species dugdalei new species otagoensis (Brittin, 1938) new combination Genus Vryburgia De Lotto, 1967 lounsburyi (Brain, 1912) peregrinus (Green, 1925) microporus (McKenzie, 1960) Nomen Dubium Trionymus assimilis Brittin, 1938

Rejection of the Genus Name Pirella for Pear-Shaped Budding Bacteria and Proposal to Create the Genus Pirellula gen. nov.

Abstract: The genus name Pirella Schlesner and Hirsch (1984) is invalid according to the Bacteriological Code, and the new genus name Pirellula is proposed.

A review of the crayfish genus Astacoides (Decapoda: Parastacidae)

Abstract: Hobbs, Horton H., Jr. A Review of the Crayfish Genus Astacoides (Decapoda: Parastacidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 443, 50 pages, 23 figures, 1987.—The crayfish fauna of Madagascar consists of six species belonging to the endemic genus Astacoides. Four of them, originally recognized as varieties of a single species Astacoides madagascarensis and subsequently accorded subspecific status, are elevated to specific rank. Two, A. crosnieri and A. petiti, are described as new. Following remarks on the limited range of the genus, which appears to be confined to higher elevations in the eastern part of the island between 18° and 25° South latitude and 46° to 49° East longitude, are notes on the organization of the text and a resume of our previous knowledge of the genus. This is followed by discussions of the taxonomic characters considered in the study, the common origin of the disjunct Astacoides with other parastacid stocks, and the evolution and interrelationships of the Madagascan species. A diagnosis of the genus accompanies a key provided for the recognition of its members. A synonymy, diagnosis, description, statement of range, list of localities and specimens examined, and illustrations are provided for each species. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institutions annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus) Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Hobbs, Horton Holcombe, 1914A review of the crayfish genus Astacoides (Decapoda: Parastacidae) (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 443) Bibliography: p. I. Astacoides—Classification. 2. Crustacea—Classfication. 3. Crustacea—Madagascar Classification I. Title. II. Series. QL1.S54 no.443 [QL444.M33] 591s 86-13093 [595.3'841]

Redescription and assignment of Alona globulosa Daday, 1898 to a new genus Notoalona and a description of Notoalona freyi sp. nov.

Abstract: The species Daday (1898) describes as Alona globulosa has been critically studied, based on many populations from tropical and subtropical regions of the world, over its whole geographical range. A new species and a new subspecies are described. Based on the morphological characters of this species group, which are markedly different from those of the genera previously used for this species, namely Alona, Alonella, and Indialona, a new genus Notoalona is established. N. globulosa (Daday, 1898) is designated as the type species. Morphological differences of Notoalona, Alona, Alonella, and Indialona are discussed. The diagnostic characters of the genus Notoalona include 1) two bean-like thickenings as headpores on the headshield, 2) a row of submarginal setae along the posterior half of the ventral margin of carapace, 3) first trunk limb ODL with one seta and IDL with 3 setae and a small seta-like notch, 4) small branched seta dorsal to posterior lobe of trunk limb-I, 5) entire carapace of the ephippial female modified as an ephippium with a foamy mass surrounding the egg. N. globulosa has a wide distribution in Asia, Africa, and Australia. The Australian material has been designated as the subspecies australiensis. N. freyi sp. nov. is known only from Florida, USA. More detailed studies are necessary to evaluate the taxonomic status of other populations from America including material described as Alonella sculpta, which certainly belongs to the genus Notoalona.