Showing papers on "Genus published in 1989"

The Genus Utricularia: A Taxonomic Monograph

Abstract: A fine monograph on these intriguing aquatic carnivorous plants, illustrating each of the 214 species described with superb full-page line drawing.

Advances in the study of Peromyscus (Rodentia)

Abstract: The genus "Peromyscus" is one of the most representative genera of North American mammals and the most intensively studied. This volume focuses on five areas of peromyscine biology that have been particularly dynamic over the past 20 years, and in which there have been significant contributions both to specific knowledge of the genus as well as to the understanding of broader ecological and evolutionary processes.

Revised morphological relationships within the amphipod genera Pontoporeia and Gammaracanthus and the glacial relict significance of their postglacial distributions

Abstract: The Holarctic coastal marine and freshwater members of the amphipod families Pontoporeiidae and Gammaracanthidae reveal much greater taxonomical, distributional–ecological, and physiological diversity than formerly recognized. Pontoporeia is formally divided into three full genera (comprising more than 20 species), namely, Pontoporeia (Kroyer, 1842; Monoporeia, new genus, and Diporeia, new genus. Gammaracanthus is divided into two full genera (encompassing about a dozen species) namely, Gammaracanthus Bate, 1862, and Relictacanthus, new genus; Gammaracanthus is divided into the subgenera Gammaracanthus Bate, and Pseudacanthus, new subgenus. The genera are transferred from family Gammaridae, superfamily Gammaroidea, to family Gammaracanthidae (newly diagnosed herein) within superfamily Eusiroidea. Two lines of evidence refute previous theories (e.g. Hogbom's "sluicing up" theory) concerning the origin and evolution of the so called glacial and marine–glacial crustacean fauna of the northern hemisphere: (1)...

A Systematic Revision of the Deep-Sea Subfamily Lipomerinæ of the Isopod Crustacean Family Munnopsidæ

Abstract: The fully natatory families of the janiroidean Asellota, the munnopsids sensu lato, include a group of genera that blurs the distinction between the Ilyarachnidae and the Eurycopidae. This work determines the interrelationships of the ilyarachnid-like eurycopids, and shows that they are a monophyletic group. In so doing, the family-level systematics of the munnopsids is revised. The ilyarachnid-like eurycopids are assigned to a newly constituted subfamily, the Lipomerinae, and five genera are described, four of which are new. A diagnosis of the subfamily Lipomerinae with a key to the superspecific taxa is included in the taxonomic part. One species in each superspecific taxon is fully described. Coperonus n. gen. is a primarily Southern Hemisphere group with several species in the south Atlantic and around the Antarctic continent. The most ilyarachnid-like genus is Hapsidohedra n. gen., which may have a cosmopolitan distribution. Lionectes n. gen. is found in Antarctic waters. The pan-Atlantic genus Lipomera Tattersall is further divided into three new subgenera. One of these subgenera, L. (Tetracope) n. subgen., has a coiled gut, a rare occurrence among Crustacea. The cosmopolitan Mimocopelates n. gen.is represented by a North Atlantic species group based on the species M. longipes n. sp.,and an equatorial species M. anchibraziliensis n. sp. Character analyses of most munnopsid genera present the characters that reveal relationships between taxa. The character states were assigned evolutionary polarities by comparison with characters in a presumed munnopsid sister group, the Acanthaspidiidae, and other janiroidean families. Computerized phylogenetic analyses produced cladograms that were not fully resolved, but had significantly lower homoplasy values than a tree based on previous classifications. The Lipomerinae were the most significantly monophyletic group of the munnopsid taxa, and a consensus tree of all possible cladograms confirmed the monophyly of the Lipomerinae. Because the previous classifications of the families were not consistent with the most parsimonious cladograms, the following proposals are made: all munnopsid families should be placed into one large family, the Munnopsidae; the Ilyarachnidae and the Munnopsidae sensu stricto should be demoted to subfamilial status; and the current subfamilies of the Eurycopidae should be retained. This new classification recognizes the monophyly of the Lipomerinae within the Munnopsidae. Alternatives to this classification are discussed. Supporting the text are appendices illustrating and defining morphological terms.

Morphological and taxonomy of Bostrychia and Stictosiphonia (Rhodomelaceae/Rhodophyta)

Abstract: The genus Bostrychia Montagne s.l. is reassessed. Two genera are recognised. Bostrychia and Stictosiphonia J.D. Hooker et Harvey, differing from eachother by the number of tiers of pericentral cells per axial cell, the mode of cortication and the number of indeterminate axes. These genera are described and keys are provided to all species. Bostrychia consists of 11 species. One of which, B. tenussima R.J. King et Puttock, sp. nov., is newly described from New Zealand and temperate Australia. Detailed descriptions are given for the other six species, B. harveyi, B. moritziana, B. pinnata, B. radicans, B. simpliciuscula and B. tenella, that occur in the Australasian region. Taxonomic notes are provided for the type of species. B. scorpiodes, which is restricted to western Europe, and three lesser known species, B. callipters, B. montahnei and B. pilulifers, from the Central and South American regions. Stictosiphonia is resurrected and emended. This genus consists of six species, two of which have tropical distributions, S. kelanensis (Grunow ex Post) R.J. King et Puttock, comb. nov. (southern and eastern Asia and northern Australia) and S. tangatensis (Post) R.J. King et Puttock, comb. nov. (eastern Africa and northern Australia). The remaining four species, S. hookeri, S. vaga, S. arbuscula (J. D. Hooker et Harvey) R.J. King et Puttock, comb. nov. and S. gracilis R.J. King et Puttock, sp. nov., have a southern Australian, New Zealand or subAntarctic distribution.

Trigonobalanus (fagaceae): taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships

Abstract: The fagaceous genus Trigonobalanus as recently treated includes 3 species, two in Malaysia and Southeast Asia and a single species in Colombia, South America. Character analysis suggests that the genus as currently circumscribed is paraphyletic, without synapomorphies to unite the three species. Each of the three species is a morphologically distinct relict of a group that probably was ancestral to the modern genera Quercus and Fagus. Each of the three species also has at least one autapomorphy which is unique within Fagaceae. Analysis of cupule morphology in Fagaceae provides an interpretation of evolution in cupules which differs substantially from Forman's interpretation. We interpret trigonobalanoid cupules as indicative of an ancestral type of inflorescence within Fagaceae. This inflorescence type is a dichasial structure in which the outermost axes are cupular valves, but the degree of branching and subsequent number of fruits are variable. Following this model, a strict relationship exists between valve number and fruit number as seen in cupules of Trigonobalanus (valves = fruits + 1). Fossil evidence is consistent with our interpretation of the phylogenetic position of the trigonobalanoids. We propose to segregate the three species of Trigonobalanus-as three monotypic genera; two of these require names which we provide here: Formanodendron and Colombobalanus. TRIGONOBALANUS Forman, the most recently described genus of Fagaceae, originally included two species, T. verticillata Forman from Celebes, Borneo and Malaya, and T. doichangensis (Camus) Forman from Thailand (Forman, 1964). The latter species was first described as Quercus doichangensis Camus, based on immature flowering material. Trigonobalanus doichangensis was recently reported from southern China (Hsu et al., 1981), but is still poorly represented in herbaria. Recently a third species, Trigonobalanus excelsa Lozano et. al, was described from wet montane forests in Colombia, South America (Lozano, HernandezCamacho, and Henao-S., 1979). This most recent addition to Trigonobalanus generated considerable interest in light of the hemispheric disjunction of the genus, and prompted at least one speculative paper on the biogeography and origins of the family Fagaceae (Melville, 1982). Trigonobalanus has received radically dif'Received for publication 10 November 1987; revision accepted 16 December 1989. We acknowledge G. Feldman for technical assistance and preparation of micrographs. R. Bemal (COL) was very helpful in facilitating work in the field in Colombia by KCN; F. Lozano-C. (COL) provided additional useful information. L. L. Forman (K) allowed access to additional herbarium material, as well as a critical review of the manuscript and stimulating discussions of Fagaceae and Trigonobalanus. ferent treatments at the subfamilial level. The genus has been placed in subfamily Quercoideae (with Quercus; Forman, 1964; Soepadmo, 1972), subfamily Fagoideae (with Fagus and Nothofagus; Melchior, 1964), and finally, by itself in subfamily Trigonobalanoideae (Lozano et al., 1979). These varying higher-level treatments point out the fact that characters shared by the three species of Trigonobalanus are also shared with other genera of Fagaceae. The characters used to unite the species of Trigonobalanus in a single genus include 1) a valved cupule, the valves free throughout development; 2) three to several pistillate flowers in each cupule; 3) cupules scaly, not spinose; 4) pistillate inflorescences of elongate sometimes branched axes; 5) cupule arrangement alternate, opposite or whorled; 6) pistillate flowers usually with staminodia; 7) stigmas capitate; 8) fruits trigonous in cross section, sometimes winged; 9) staminate flowers with usually reduced pistillodes or only tufts of trichomes in place of pistillodes but without welldeveloped pistillodes (in the sense of subfamily Castaneoideae); 10) staminate flowers in dichasial clusters subtended by 1-3 caducous bracts; 11) germination epigeal; 12) abortive ovules attached to the seed near its apex; 13) endocarp tomentose. Each of the listed features, however, is shared with at least one other genus of Fagaceae, suggesting that Trigonobalanus as currently recognized is a paraphy-

A revision of the genus Leptospermum (Myrtaceae)

Abstract: Thompson, Joy (National Herbarium o f New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, Australia 2000) 1988. A revision o f the genus Leptospermum (Myrtaceae). Telopea 3(3): 301-449. The genus Leptospermum is revised and a new generic descrip­ tion provided. Generic attributes are discussed in relation to new observations and previous, often incorrect, descriptions in published work. A key to the 79 species accompanies a formal treatment of these taxa of which 27 are new, and 15 renamed or very much altered as to circumscription. Eight new subspecies are recognised. Seven putative natural groups are discussed; each in relation to its species-members, anoma­ lies, the possibility of reticulation and its likely history. The evidence suggests that Leptospermum originated before the onset of Miocene aridity, and was dispersed rela­ tively recently from eastern Australia to New Zealand, New Guinea, the Kimberley region of Western Australia and South East Asia. Table of

Biogeography of the Chaetodontidae: an analysis of allopatry among closely related species

Abstract: A recent survey of chaetodontid osteology has produced a hypothesis of relationships among 22 osteological-ly distinct genera and subgenera. Fourteen supra-specific taxa have distributions that are Indo-Pacific or larger. Most sister taxa inferred by osteology are broadly sympatric. The basal dichotomy within the large genus Chaetodon contrasts monophyletic groups centered in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific with little overlap. Divergence of Atlantic and Indo-Pacific distributions is correlated with the closing of the Tethys seaway 18–13 million years ago. Distributional data of Burgess (1978) and Allen (1980) are reevaluated in the context of putative species pairs and complexes. Species in nearly two thirds of these complexes (18 of 31) are distributed allopatrically. Eight complexes are examined in more detail. Five of these eight contain at least one peripherically isolated species. Distributions of species in four complexes indicate that previously wide-spread species were cleaved more symmetrically. Sympatric distributions within two species pairs indicate that the more narrowly distributed species in each pair arose through central isolation within a broadly distributed ancestor. The area of central isolation corresponds to the classical center of origin. A new hypothesis of vicariance followed by dispersal may partially explain the diversity gradient so prominently featured in dispersal-oriented tropical marine biogeography.

Systematics of Middle American Mastiff Bats of the Genus Molossus

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Feeding behavior of nauplii of the genus Eucalanus (Copepoda, Calanoida)

Abstract: The goals of this and following studies were to describe how nauplii of related calanoid copepods gather and ingest phytoplankton cells, and to compare their feeding behavior with that of copepodids and adult females of the same species. Nauplii of the calanoids Eucalanus pileatus and E. crassus draw particles towards themselves creating a feeding current. They actively capture diatoms > 10 pm width with oriented movements of their second antennae and mandibles. The cells are displaced toward the median posterior of the mouth and then are moved anteriorly for ingestion. The nauplii gather, actively capture, and ingest particles using 2 pairs of appendages, whereas copepodids and females use at least 4 of their 5 pairs of appendages (second antennae, maxillipeds, first and second maxillae) to accomplish the same task. These nauplii are not able to passively capture small cells efficiently like copepodids and females because they lack a fixture similar to the second maxillae. Gathering and ingestion by late nauplii of E. crassus and E. pileatus require together an average of 183 ms for a cell of Thalassiosira weissflogii ( l 2 pm width) and 1.17 S fox Rhizosolenia alata (150 to 500 pm length). Although na.uplii of related species show little difference in appendage morphology, they differ markedly in feeding and swimming behavior. Their behavior is partly reflected in the behavior of copepodids and adult females.

Revision of the genus Parapagurus (Anomura: Paguroidea: Parapaguridae), including redescriptions of the western Atlantic species

Abstract: As a result of a revision of the genus Parapagurus Smith, three genera are proposed: Parapagurus sensu stricto, Strobopagurus gen. nov., and Sympagurus Smith reinstated. Diagnoses of the three genera are given, and a number of structures are described. A key to aid in the identification of the genera of the family is presented. All taxa heretofore assigned to Parapagurus are reassigned. Four species of Parapagurus and six of Sympagurus occur in the western Atlantic, including a new species, Sympagurus acinops. All western Atlantic species are redescribed. Parapagurus abyssorum (Filhol) is a senior homonym of the eastern Pacific Parapagurus abyssorum Henderson, and a new name, Parapagurus holthuisi, is given to Henderson's taxon. The subspecies of Parapagurus pilosimanus Smith and Sympagurus bicristatus (A. Milne Edwards) are elevated to specific rank. Sympagurus arcuatus A. Milne Edwards & Bouvier, is a junior synonym of Sympagurus gracilis (Henderson). The treatment of each species includes a synonymy, illustrations, comments on symbiotic associations, and a distributional map. Keys to aid in the identification of the western Atlantic species are presented. The morphological variation of the western Atlantic species of Sympagurus is described.

Phylogeny and classification of eupelmidae, with a revision of the world genera of calosotinae and metapelmatinae (hymenoptera: chalcidoidea)

Abstract: Three subfamilies are classified in Eupelmidae: Calosotinae Boucek, Eupelminae Walker, and Metapelmatinae Boucek Diagnoses of these three subfamilies and of Tanaostigmatidae are given, together with a key to distinguish members from each other and from other Chalcidoidea Genera of Calosotinae and Metapelmatinae are revised for the world, with a key to genera given for both subfamilies For each genus the following is provided: synonymy, description of structural features of males and females, notes on distribution and hosts, available keys to species listed by biogeographic region, and a catalog of species New generic combinations are made in the catalogs of species based on examination of type specimens of the species Eight genera are included in Calosotinae [type species in brackets]: Archaeopelma gennov [A tropeotergum spnov], Licrooides gennov [L umbilicatus spnov], Paraeusandalum gennov [P chilense spnov], Eusandalum Ratzeburg, Chirolophus Haliday, Calosota Curtis, Balcha Walker, and Tanythorax gennov [T spinosus spnov] Four genera are included in Metapelmatinae: Metapelma Westwood, Neanastatus Girault, Eopelma gennov [E mystax spnov], and Lambdobregma gennov [L schwarzii (Ashmead) combnov] The following are proposed as new synonymies: Notosandalum De Santis and Exosandalum Boucek = Eusandalum Ratzeburg, and Metacalosoter Masi = Calosota Curtis Eighteen structural features of adults of the three eupelmid subfamilies, and of other Chalcidoidea including Tanaostigmatidae, Encyrtidae, Aphelinidae, and Pteromalidae, are studied to delimit character states and determine their distribution among the higher taxa Twenty-two additional features of adults of Calosotinae and Metapelmatinae are studied for supplemental evidence of relationships among the genera in these two subfamilies Observed character-state distributions are used to postulate character polarity and homoplastic states, and hypotheses of monophyly and relationships among taxa are based on proposed synapomorphic states Aphelinidae sensu lato (including the subfamily Eriaporinae) are indicated as either a paraphyletic or polyphyletic taxon if the Eriaporinae are included but the Signiphoridae are excluded Tanaostigmatidae sensu lato (including the genus Cynipencyrtus Ishii) are indicated as the sister group of Encyrtidae based on a relatively long mesoscutal process for the muscle pl2–t2c, and structure of the articulation between the mesoscutum and scutellar-axillar complex The genus Cynipencyrtus Ishii is indicated to be most closely related to Encyrtidae based on common possession of transverse axillae and mesotibial apical pegs Possible relationships among Calosotinae, Metapelmatinae, and Eupelminae, and among these and Tanaostigmatidae + Encyrtidae remain unresolved There are no derived character states unique to either Eupelmidae, or Eupelmidae + (Tanaostigmatidae + Encyrtidae), so that these taxa and relationships are not definitively supported as monophyletic Eupelmidae may represent a grade-level taxon with membership determined by similar suites of apomorphic states that function to enhance jumping ability Cladograms are used to illustrate alternate hypotheses of character-state evolution and relationships among the genera of Calosotinae and Metapelmatinae Distribution of character states for the higher taxa and for each genus of Calosotinae and Metapelmatinae is summarized in two tables Scanning electron photomicrographs are used to illustrate structural features

Redescription of Alexandrium minutum Halim (Dinophyceae) type species of the genus Alexandrium

Abstract: The type species of the genus Alexandrium. A. minutum Halim, has remained ill-defined and there has been an urgent need for its detailed redescription. Abundant material from the type-locality, det...

Earthworms of Turkey

Abstract: About 2000 earthworm specimens, collected during 1987–1988 in 50 localities of North‐Western Turkey, are described and classified. They belong to 51 species, 14 of which have not previously been described. For some new species it has been necessary to institute the new genus Healyella which is closely related to the genus Spermophorodrilus Bouche; both these genera are included in the new lumbricid subfamily Spermophorodrilinae, characterized by a peculiar pattern of copulating. Six other new species, some of which show curious morphological traits, are included in the genus Dendrobaena, and one in the genus Allolobophora. On the whole, the faunistic sample offers an interesting picture of the fauna of Turkey, which appears to be strongly linked to that of Caucasus; less evident but equally certain are relationships with the Carpatho‐Balkan fauna.

Infrageneric classification and species composition of the anole genera, Anolis, Ctenonotus, Dactyloa, Norops and Semiurus (Sauria: Iguanidae)

Abstract: All valid species of Anolis, Ctenonotus, Dactyloa, Norops and Semiurus are listed by genus and where possible by the infrageneric categories (from most to least inclusive): series, subseries and species groups. An alphabetical index cross-referencing the species names to genus and series is also included.

Temporal patterns in the herbivorous insects of bracken: a test of community predictability

Abstract: SUMMARY (1) Data on the abundance and seasonal phenology of herbivorous insects feeding upon bracken at Skipwith Common, in North Yorkshire in the years 1980-86 were used to determine the temporal predictability of this assemblage, both on an open site and on an adjacent woodland site. There were seventeen species on the open site, plus pooled data on two genera each with two species, and one genus with three species: twenty taxa in all. The woodland site held fifteen species, plus the same pooled genera: eighteen taxa in all. For simplicity we refer to all the taxa as species. (2) In both habitats taxonomic composition, and relative mean peak and total seasonal abundances per frond for each species are all conserved across years. In other words, rare species have remained rare, and common species common over the 7-year study period. On the open site, slightly less complete data allow us to extend these conclusions over 15 years. Species have also tended to enter the community in a predictable sequence each year, more so on the open site than in the woodland.

Systematics and biology of the Rhinocolinae (Homoptera: Psylloidea)

Abstract: Based on a cladistic analysis, the subfamily Rhinocolinae is redefined to comprise 13 genera and 39 species, of which two genera and eight species remain unnamed. Four new genera and 14 new species are described; one subfamily and one genus are synonymized, and two species are recombined; one lectotype is designated. The subfamily is divided into two groups, one with a Gondwanan distribution comprising four genera in Australia, New Zealand, South America and Africa, and another with Laurasian distribution in the Palaeotropics, the Western Palaerctic and North America comprising nine genera. Twenty-one species develop on host plants in the Rutales, three on Asteraceae, three on Cistaceae and one on Zygophyllaceae. The genus Pistacia (Anacardiaceae) in particular hosts six species whose biology is discussed.

Systematic Revision of the Catfish Genus Silurus, with Description of a New Species from Thailand and Burma

Abstract: On the basis of external morphology and anatomy, 17 scpeies of the genusSilurus Linnaeus including a new species,S. torrentis from Thailand and Burma, are recognized as valid.S. bedfordi Regan is synonymized withS. asotus, andS. goae Haig is transferred to the genusOmpok. From an anatomical study of 12 species, the diagnostic feature of the genusParasilurus Bleeker is revealed to be invalid, and the genus is synonymized withSilurus. From the phylogenetic analysis, the genusSilurus is divided into two major species groups, thecochinchinensis group which is disributed mainly in Southeast Asia, and theglanis group which is further separated into three subgroups occurring separately in East Asia and Europe. The pattern of distribution and relationships between ontogeny and phytogeny in the genusSilurus are briefly discussed.