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Showing papers on "Genus published in 1997"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A classification system in which phylogenetically neighboring taxa at the genus level are clustered into families, suborders, orders, subclasses, and a class irrespective of those phenotypec characteristics on which the delineation of taxa has been based in the past is presented.
Abstract: A new hierarchic classification structure for the taxa between the taxonomic levels of genus and class is Proposed for the actinomycete line of descent as defined by analysis of small subunit (16S) rRNA and genes coding for this molecule (rDNA). While the traditional circumscription of a genus of the actinomycete subphylum is by and large in accord with the 16S rRNA/rDNA-based phylogenetic clustering of these organisms. most of the higher taxa proposed in the past do not take into account the phylogenetic clustering of genera. The rich chemical, morphological and physiological diversity of phylogenetically closely related genera makes the description of families and higher taxa so broad that they become meaningless for the description of the enclosed taxa. Here we present a classification system in which phylogenetically neighboring taxa at the genus level are clustered into families, suborders, orders, subclasses, and a class irrespective of those phenotypec characteristics on which the delineation of taxa has been based in the past. Rather than being based on a listing of a wide array of chemotaxonomic, morphological, and physiological properties, the delineation is based solely on 16S rDNA/rRNA sequence-based phylogenetic clustering and the presence of taxon-specific 16S rDNA RNA signature nucleotides.

1,597 citations


01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a method to solve the problem of "uniformity" and "uncertainty" in the context of health care, and propose a solution.
Abstract: 1

227 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
23 Jan 1997-Novon
TL;DR: The nomenclatural changes proposed here aim to align the taxonomy of Arabidopsis with the results of recent analyses of rDNA sequences and on-going phylogenetic analyses and to better represent phylogenetic relationships.
Abstract: New combinations in Arabidopsis are proposed. Species previously placed in Cardaminopsis are here transferred to Arabidopsis and taxa previously recognized in Arabidopsis, other than A. thaliana and A. suecica, are excluded from the genus. Distributions and a key to the nine species and five subspecies are presented. Based on analyses of rDNA sequences, the genus Arabidopsis as understood prior to this study is not only highly paraphyletic but also includes taxa that are distant in the Brassicaceae (unpublished results). This situation is particularly alarming given the central place that A. thaliana (L.) Heynhold plays in a myriad of current studies of genome evolution, developmental genetics, morphological evolution and development, etc. (Meyerowitz & Pruitt, 1985; Endress, 1992; Maluszynska & Heslop-Harrison, 1993; Crone & Lord, 1994; Larkin et al., 1994; Price et al., 1994; Teutonico & Osborn, 1994; Zhang & Lechowica, 1994; Tsukaya, 1995). Without a well-documented phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus and a congruent taxonomy, studies that make assumptions about its relations are likely to be inconclusive and to arrive at irrelevant conclusions. A number of recent studies (e.g., Maluszynska & Heslop-Harrison, 1993; Kamm et al., 1995; Tsukaya et al., 1997) have assumed close relationships between A. thaliana and species currently included in the genus that molecular data do not support (Price et al., 1994; O'Kane et al., 1995). The genus has been variously placed close to several other genera (Arabis, Braya, Cardaminopsis, Cymatocarpus, Drabopsis, Halimolobos, Hylandra, Microsisymbrium, Nasturtiopsis, and Neotorularia) based on morphological similarity (Hedge, 1968; Jafri, 1973; Al-Shehbaz, 1988; Ball, 1993). Rather than showing a close relationship among these genera, our work indicates that the circumscription of some of these genera and Arabidopsis is needed to better represent phylogenetic relationships. Recently, for instance, A. erysimoides has been moved to Erysimum (Al-Shehbaz, 1994), A. parvula (Schrenk) O. E. Schulz has been transferred to Thellungiella (Al-Shehbaz & O'Kane, 1995), and both A. gamosepala Hedge and A. tuemurnica Kuan & An have been placed in Neotorularia (Al-Shehbaz & O'Kane, 1997). The nomenclatural changes proposed here aim to align the taxonomy of Arabidopsis with the results of recent analyses of rDNA sequences (O'Kane et al., 1997) and on-going phylogenetic analyses. The changes given here were anticipated by both Hylander (1957) and Ball (1993). Hylander (1957: 602-603) stated that should Cardaminopsis and Arabidopsis be combined, Cardaminopsis "must be dropped into the latter genus [Arabidopsis], the limits of which would thereby be considerably widened-or, perhaps more correctly, drawn in quite another way than e.g. by Schulz." Ball (1993: 322) echoed this by stating, "It seems probable that Cardaminopsis should be combined with Arabidopsis, and some species of Arabidopsis may have to be removed from the enlarged genus." Furthermore, Jones (1964) suggested that Arabis cebennensis and A. pedemontana might better be placed in the genus Cardaminopsis (here Arabidopsis). These earlier morphological predictions are now strongly supported by two independent molecular studies: Price et al. (1994) using chloroplast DNA restriction site variation and rbcL gene sequences, and O'Kane et al. (1997 and unpublished) using nuclear rDNA sequences. Essentially, the nomenclatural changes proposed herein deal with the transfer of species from Cardaminopsis to Arabidopsis. Except for the nine species and five subspecies treated in this paper, all of the remaining 49 binomials variously assigned to Arabidopsis are excluded from the genus. Work is in progress to assign those to other genera. Arabidopsis (DC.) Heynhold, in Holl & Heynhold, F1. Sachsen 1: 538. 1842; nom. cons. TYPE: Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynhold. Cardaminopsis (C. A. Meyer) Hayek, F1. Steiermark 1: 477. 1908. Syn. nov. Basionym: Arabis sect. CardaNovoN 7: 323-327. 1997. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.128 on Tue, 06 Sep 2016 06:08:56 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

158 citations


01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: Three species new to science are recorded, one each in the genera Apseuds and Discapseudes and one in the newly erected genus Swireapseudes, to which the Vietnamese species Apseudes tenuicorporeus Shiino is also attributed.
Abstract: Apseudomorph tanaidacean material is analyzed from the coastal waters of Hong Kong, between 0 and 25 m depth, collected from the Cape d' Aguilar Marine Reserve in April 1995 together with specimens collected from the New Territories in 1986 and 1989 held at the National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, U.K. Three species new to science are recorded, one each in the genera Apseudes and Discapseudes and one in the newly erected genus Swireapseudes, to which the Vietnamese species Apseudes tenuicorporeus Shiino is also attributed. Zoogeographically, these animals represent disparate options, from the currently localized genus Swireapseudes, through the cosmopolitan Apseudes to the otherwise Caribbean genus Discapseudes.

155 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The demonstration of unique genetic diversity in the two M. esculenta subspecies and their genetic similarity to the crop supports the hypothesis that these materials may be the ancestors of cassava.
Abstract: Despite the worldwide importance of cultivated cassava (M. esculenta Crantz) its origin and taxonomic relationships with other species in the genus have not been clearly established. We evaluated a representative sample of the crop’s diversity and six wild taxa with AFLPs to estimate genetic relationships within the genus. Groupings of accessions of each species by data analysis corresponded largely with their previous taxonomic classifications. A mixed group, consisting of Manihot esculenta subsp. flabellifolia and M. esculenta subsp. peruviana, was most similar to cassava, while M. aesculifolia, M. brachyloba, and M. carthaginensis were more distant. Species-specific markers, which may be useful in germ-plasm classification or introgression studies, were suggested by the unique presence of AFLP products in samples of each of the three wild species. Heterogeneity of similarities among individuals of certain species suggested the existence of intraspecific gene pools, a hypothesis that was supported by morphological or ecogeographic evidence with varying degrees of success. Quantitative assessment of genetic diversity revealed greater homogeneity among cassava accessions than among itsclosest wild relatives. The demonstration of unique genetic diversity in the two M. esculenta subspecies and their genetic similarity to the crop supports the hypothesis that these materials may be the ancestors of cassava.

141 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1997-Botany
TL;DR: This work presents taxonomic and morphological observations on 19 taxa based primarily on collections made in Connecticut, U.S.A., and from central and northern Canada and describes how some species are difficult to identify or distinguish from other taxa.
Abstract: Despite the fact that the genus Aulacoseira Thwaites is a common component of phytoplankton communities in many North American water bodies, there are relatively few taxonomic based surveys utilizi...

107 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a 3.2-kb region of variable chloroplast DNA, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the Pistacia cpDNA were used to study the phylogenetic relationships of 10 Pistacia species.
Abstract: Classification within the genus Pistacia has been based on leaf morphology and geographical distribution. Molecular genetic tools (PCR amplification followed by restriction analysis of a 3.2-kb region of variable chloroplast DNA, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the Pistacia cpDNA with tobacco chloroplast DNA probes) provided a new set of variables to study the phylogenetic relationships of 10 Pistacia species. Both parsimony and cluster analyses were used to divide the genus into two major groups. P. vera was determined to be the least derived species. P. weinmannifolia, an Asian species, is most closely related to P. texana and P. mexicana, New World species. These three species share a common origin, suggesting that a common ancestor of P. texana and P. mexicana originated in Asia. P. integerrima and P. chinensis were shown to be distinct whereas the pairs of species were monophyletic within each of two tertiary groups, P. vera:P. khinjuk and P. mexicana:P. texana. An evolutionary trend from large to small nuts and leaves with few, large leaflets to many, small leaflets was supported. The genus Pistacia was shown to have a low chloroplast DNA mutation rate: 0.05–0.16 times that expected of annual plants.

106 citations


01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: An evolutionary trend from large to small nuts and leaves with few, large leaflets to many, small leaflets was supported, and the genus Pistacia was shown to have a low chloroplast DNA mutation rate.
Abstract: Classification within the genus Pistacia has been based on leaf morphology and geographical distribution. Molecular genetic tools (PCR amplification followed by re- striction analysis of a 3.2-kb region of variable chloroplast DNA, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the Pistacia cpDNA with tobacco chloroplast DNA probes) provided a new set of variables to study the phylogenetic relationships of 10 Pistacia species. Both parsimony and cluster analyses were used to divide the genus into two major groups. P. vera was determined to be the least derived species. P. weinmannifolia, an Asian species, is most closely related to P. texana and P. mexicana, New World species. These three species share a common origin, suggesting that a common ancestor of P. texana and P. mexicana originated in Asia. P. integerrima and P. chinensis were shown to be distinct whereas the pairs of species were monophyletic within each of two tertiary groups, P. vera:P. khinjuk and P. mexicana:P. texana. An evolutionary trend from large to small nuts and leaves with few, large leaf lets to many, small leaf lets was supported. The genus Pistacia was shown to have a low chloroplast DNA mutation rate: 0.05-0.16 times that expected of annual plants.

104 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: The monophyly of the Turbinoliidae is based on the unique character of having its entire corallum invested with tissue, which is reflected in its well-formed costae from base to calice and its characteristically deep intercostal regions.
Abstract: Cairns, Stephen D A Generic Revision and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Turbinoliidae (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 591, 55 pages, 5 figures, 10 plates, 6 tables, 1997—The monophyly of the Turbinoliidae is based on the unique (within the Caryophylliina) character of having its entire corallum invested with tissue, which is reflected in its well-formed costae from base to calice and its characteristically deep intercostal regions All turbinoliids are solitary and free-living, and thus the complete investiture of its corallum might facilitate movement through or across a sandy substrate The Turbinoliidae consists of 28 genera and 163 valid species, of which 22 genera and 49 species are extant The earliest known turbinoliid is from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Antarctica All 28 genera are diagnosed and figured herein The stratigraphic and geographic distributions are discussed for each genus, and a list of species known for each genus, including junior synonyms, is given Two genera and two species are described as new: Pleotrochus, P zibrowii, Foveolocyathus, and Sphenotrochus wellsi Peponocyathus is restricted to those species having transverse division, which requires the resurrection of' Deltocyathoides Yabe and Eguchi, 1932, for those species that do not reproduce by transverse division, and it also requires the synonymy of Truncatocyathus Stolarski, 1992 Tropidocyathus is divided into two genera, allowing the resurrection of Cyathotrochus Bourne, 1905 Oryzotrochus stephensoni Wells, 1959, is identified as a Turbinolia, which synonymizes Oryzotrochus and extends the stratigraphic range of Turbinolia from the Oligocene to Recent Phylogenetic analysis of the 28 turbinoliid genera was carried out using 16 characters, comprising 49 character states Relationships among taxa were determined based on parsimony and successive weighting of characters Subfamilies of the Caryophylliidae were used as outgroups Characters that contributed highly to the phylogenetic hypothesis were costal ornamentation, costal origination, and septal number Characteristics of thecal structure (ie, imperforate, externally pitted, perforate) were re-examined in all genera The resulting phylogenetic hypothesis (Figure 2) suggests that the turbinoliids are divided into two major clades One (clade 2) contains 12 genera including all six Late Cretaceous Antarctic genera, as well as genera first recorded from the Eocene of New Zealand and Oligocene of South Australia Coralla of this clade are characterized by having trifurcate costal origination and serrate costal ornamentation The other major clade (clade 3) contains 14 genera, including one from the Late Cretaceous of New Zealand, five with first occurrences in the Paleocene to Miocene of Europe and North America, and three from the Eocene to Oligocene of South Australia These are genera characterized by coralla with less than 48 septa and granular or smooth costae It is cautioned that the results of this analysis are considered preliminary, as it is based exclusively on skeletal characters Consequently, clades are not highly supported, nonetheless, this analysis suggests which skeletal characters should be examined more carefully in the future, and it serves as a comparison for future analyses that might include tissue and/or molecular characters The status of the Early Cretaceous genus Platytrochopsis Sikharulidze, 1975, is also discussed OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Annals of the Smithsonian Institution SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cairns, Stephen A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Turbinoliidae (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) / Stephen D Cairns, p cm—(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no 591) Includes bibliographical references (p ) I Turbinolidae—Classification 2 Turbinolidae—Phylogeny I Title II Series QLIS54 no 591 [QL377C7] 590s-dc2! [5936] 97-28316 CIP 5 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z3948—1984

100 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The genera of Malvaceae that occur in North, Central, and South America (including the Caribbean) are enumerated, described, and distinguished, using an artificial key.
Abstract: The genera of Malvaceae that occur in North, Central, and South America (including the Caribbean) are enumerated, described, and distinguished, using an artificial key. The usual taxonomic information (bibliographic citations, synonyms, type species, etc.) is presented and the generic names are indexed. The literature is reviewed and summarized for each genus, presenting such information (where appropriate) as the etymology of the name, number of species, infrageneric classification, distribution, chromosome numbers, economic importance, distinguishing features, and reference to representative illustrations. Where useful, the taxonomic history of the genus is summarized. A listing of unresolved taxonomic problems in the family is presented to highlight needs for future study. A detailed bibliography is included. One new combination is made:Palaua sandemanii (Sandwith) Fryxell, based on the PeruvianMalvastrum sandemanii Sandwith.

01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: A checklist of the species in the subfamily Vespinae is presented, including synonyms and distributional summaries, with sixty-seven extant species in four genera treated as valid, with an additional ten fossil species listed.
Abstract: A checklist of the species in the subfamily Vespinae is presented, including synonyms and distributional summaries. Sixty-seven extant species in four genera are treated as valid, with an additional ten fossil species listed. No subspecies are recognized. Lamarck (1801) did not designate Vespa crabro Linnaeus as the type species· of the genus Vespa. However, Latreille's (1810) designation of the same species is the first valid one, therefore existing generic nomenclature need not be disturbed. The following nomenclatural change is made: Vespa variabilis du ·Buysson, 1905, is a junior primary homonym of Vespa variabilis Fabricius, 1781. It is replaced by Vespa variabilis jumida van der Vecht, 1959, which is elevated to species rank, NEW STATUS. The lectotype of Vespa annulata Smith, 1858, is designated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This treatment provides a key, brief synonymy, habitat descriptions, distribution, and vernacular names for the 41 taxa of Dalbergia known from Brazil and defines the major subdivisions of the genus and one new section.
Abstract: This treatment provides a key, brief synonymy, habitat descriptions, distribution, and vernacular names for the 41 taxa (39 species) of Dalbergia known from Brazil. In addition, it defines the major subdivisions of the genus and one new section. One new name and a new combination are proposed, and three new species (D. elegans, D. grandistipula, and D. guttembergii) are described and illustrated.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The historical biogeographic analysis of the aspidorhynchids indicates a Pangeal-type relationship, dating as far back as the Lower Jurassic.
Abstract: The aim of this work is the anatomical, systematic and phylogenetic study of the Aspidorhynchidae, which is a widespread family known from the Middle Jurassic until the Upper Cretaceous. The first part of this work is devoted to the detailed description of the cranial and post-cranial skeleton of the three genera of Aspidorhynchidae: Aspidorhynchus, Belonostomus and Vinctifer. The description of each genus, based on the type species, starts with a brief historical review and the spatio-temporal distribution. Follows a review of the other species with a diagnosis based on characters that define the genus and justify the validity of the species. This detailed inventory leads to a census of valid species, synonymous species as well as to species excluded from the genus. The second part is concerned with the phylogenetic analysis of the Aspidorhynchidae. These form a monophyletic group within the teleosts, whereby Belonostomus and Vinctifer are affirmed as a monophyletic group. The teleosts are considered as a differentiated clade in which the aspidorhynchids form the basal taxa. On the other hand, the interrelationships among the major lineages of Neopterygii (halecomorphs, semionotiforms sensu Olsen & McCune 1991, pachycormids and teleosts) are unresolved. Finally, the historical biogeographic analysis of the aspidorhynchids indicates a Pangeal-type relationship, dating as far back as the Lower Jurassic.

Journal ArticleDOI
23 Jan 1997-Novon
TL;DR: A new genus, Xenophyllum, is de- scribed, which consists of 21 species extracted from Wernena s.l. (Compositae: Senecioneae), a genus of mat- or hummock-forming pe- rennials that grow at high elevations in the Andes from Colombia to northern Argentina and northern Chile.
Abstract: A new genus, Xenophyllum, is de- scribed, which consists of 21 species extracted from Wernena s.l. (Compositae: Senecioneae). All members of this new genus are mat- or hummock-forming pe- rennials that grow at high elevations (3000-5200 m) in the Andes from Colombia to northern Argentina and northern Chile. Included is a brief description of the disposition of the species of Wernena s.l. and a preliminary key to those included in Xenophyllum. Wernena s.l. is a genus of 40 50 species that grows in the high-elevation areas of the Western Hemi- sphere. All but one of the species are confined to the Andes and can be found from Merida, Venezuela, to Patagonia. The one exception is W. nubigena, which is primarily South American but also has a few iso- lated populations in Mexico and northern Guatemala. The species historically included in Wernena s.l. are related to Senecio L. and its relatives. The character that is most frequently used to circumscribe Wernena s.l. is the connate fusion of the involucral bracts at least halfway up from the receptacle (Blake, 1928; Humboldt et al., 1820; Rockhausen, 1939; Weddell, 1856). However, the fusion of the involucral bracts varies a great deal; sometimes they are fused less than half their length in many of the species of Wernena s.l., and more than halfway in some members of Se- necio. Also important is the fact that the fusion is partially a function of the maturity of the head, with some involucral bracts being fused at the base but splitting in late flowering or fruiting stages. One char- acter that is consistent in Werneria s.l. is the lack of a calyoulus; however, there are members of Senecio and related genera that lack a calyoulus. Finally, all but three of the species have white ray florets (two have yellow and one has purple); all three colors are known in Senecio. Although Werneria s.l. is probably not monophy- letic, there are at least three identifiable groups within the genus that can be recognized as distinct genera. The first group consists of rosette-forming plants that are solitary or in small clumps. This group has 2F 30 species and contains the type species, Werneria nubigena Kunth, and can now be referred to as Wer- nena s. str. A second group, the new genus Misbroo- kea V. A. Funk, is monotypic, with M. stngossima (A. Gray) V. A. Funk being its only member (Funk, 1997). The third group contains 21 species that form loose or tightly compressed hummocks or well-developed mats and have leaves along the rhizomes; these spe- cies are here moved into a new genus, Xenophyllum V. A. Funk.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Both the overall system of conifers and names of the extinct suprageneric taxa should be based on genera typified by female fructifications, and a new phylogeny of the early conifs is proposed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The taxonomy of the predominantly Australian fossil dipnoan genus, Neoceratodus, is revised and the Recent Australian lungfish and two fossil species are redefined and a new genus is erected to include three rare Tertiary species and one Mesozoic species.
Abstract: The taxonomy of the predominantly Australian fossil dipnoan genus, Neoceratodus, is revised and the Recent Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, and two fossil species, Neoceratodus eyrensis and Neoceratodus nargun, are redefined. Two new species of the related Tertiary genus, Mioceratodus, are described on the basis of tooth plates from central and northern localities in Australia. These are Mioceratodus diaphorus and Mioceratodus poastrus. A new genus, Archaeoceratodus, is erected to include three rare Tertiary species and one Mesozoic species. The Tertiary members of this genus are the type species, Archaeoceratodus djelleh, described originally as Neoceratodus djelleh, and two new species, Archaeoceratodus rowleyi and Archaeoceratodus theganus. The Mesozoic species is Archaeoceratodus avus from Triassic and Cretaceous deposits in southeastern Australia, described originally as Ceratodus avus. All three genera belong in the family Neoceratodontidae.

DissertationDOI
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: The gobiid fish genus Mugilogobius and 13 closely related genera form a monophyletic group within the sub-family Gobionellinae of the family Gobiidae as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The gobiid fish genus Mugilogobius and 13 closely-related genera form a monophyletic group within the sub-family Gobionellinae of the family Gobiidae. Included with Mugilogobius in this group are the genera Brachygobius, Caecogobius, Calamiana, Chlamydogobius, Eugnathogobius, Gobiopterus, Hemigobius, Mistichthys, Pandaka, Pseudogobius, Redigobius, Stigmatogobius and Tamanka. These 14 genera are discussed and compared. The entire group consists of about 105 species, which have been greatly confused in the literature. Of these species, 12 are here described as new. The genera Calamiana, Chlamydogobius, Eugnathogobius, Hemigobius, Mugilogobius and Tamanka are revised, and full descriptions of the species included in each genus are provided. The genera Brachygobius, Caecogobius, Gobiopterus, Mistichthys, Pandaka, Pseudogobius, Redigobius and Stigmatogobius are diagnosed, nominal species are listed and an indication of the probable number of valid species given.Mugilogobius includes 25 species, of which eight are described as new. The genus is defined by a combination of characters. Most species of Mugilogobius occur in estuarine to fresh waters, with some species widespread in the Indo-west Pacific and others restricted to a single waterbody. There is a species-complex in the tectonic lakes of Sulawesi, characterised by vertebral pattern and several character reversals.Cladistic analyses of the Mugilogobius-group indicate that Chlamydogobius (restricted to Australia) is the sister-group to Mugilogobius. The monophyletic genus Tamanka is sister to the Mugilogobius-Chlamydogobius group. Hemigobius is the sister group to Pseudogobius. Brachygobius and Pandaka form a closely related group. Stigmatogobius is derived compared to Redigobius, a genus with the most plesiomorphic characters of the whole Mugilogobius-group. Eugnathogobius appears to be paraphyletic.The Gobionellinae thus includes the Mugilogobius-group and a second monophyletic group in which are placed the genera Awaous, Evorthodus, Ctenogobius, Gnatholepis, Gobionellus, Oligolepis, Oxyurichthys and Stenogobius. The relationship of Redigobius and Rhinogobius to these groups is somewhat equivocal. All these gobionellines share certain characters, particularly those of the dorsal pterygiophore formula, epural number, vertebral number, headpore arrangement and a tendency to occur in freshwater to estuarine habitats. .........

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This 18S rDNA sequence-based tree, inferred from 1586 alignable sites from 57 selected taxa within the Ascomycota and using two basidiomycetes as out- groups, clearly demonstrates that Geosmithia is a poly- phyletic taxon with evolutionary affinities to at least three groups of the euascomYcete lineage within the
Abstract: The anamorphic genus Geosmithia, with the type species G. lavendula, includes species strictly lacking a teleomorph as well as species associated with the teleomorphs Talaromyces and Chromocleista. Our 18S rDNA sequence-based tree, inferred from 1586 alignable sites from 57 selected taxa within the Ascomycota and using two basidiomycetes as out- groups, clearly demonstrates that Geosmithia is a poly- phyletic taxon with evolutionary affinities to at least three groups of the euascomycete lineage within the

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new monoraphid genus (Pogoneis) is described from a sample of epiphyton growing on the red alga Sarconema filiforme, which proved to require allocation to new genera.
Abstract: A new monoraphid genus (Pogoneis) is described from a sample of epiphyton growing on the red alga Sarconema filiforme. Its relationship to other achnanthoid species was studied and two of these also proved to require allocation to new genera. Achnanthes hungarica was therefore transferred to Lemnicola nov. gen. and the marine taxon A. taeniata to Pauliella taeniata nov. gen.


Journal Article
01 Jan 1997-Blumea
TL;DR: A skeletal world revision of the genus is presented to accompany a family account for Flora Malesiana, and six species are described as new, one species is raised from infraspecific status, and five species are restored from synonymy.
Abstract: A skeletal world revision of the genus is presented to accompany a family account for Flora Malesiana. 82 species are recognised, of which 74 occur in the Malesiana region. Six species are described as new, one species is raised from infraspecific status, and five species are restored from synonymy. Many names are typified for the first time. Three widespread, or locally abundant hybrids are also included. Full descriptions are given for new (6) or recircumscribed (7) species, and emended descriptions of species are given where necessary (9). Critical notes are given for all the species. Little known and excluded species are discussed. An index to all published species names and an index of exsiccatae is given.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A phylogenetic analysis of the genus Gonioctena based on allozyme data and mitochondrial DNA sequence data was performed to study the evolutionary history of host-plant shifts among these leaf beetles, and suggests that the Fabaceae was the ancestral host- plant family of this chrysomelid genus.
Abstract: A phylogenetic analysis of the genus Gonioctena (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) based on allozyme data (17 loci) and mitochondrial DNA sequence data (three gene fragments, 1,391 sites) was performed to study the evolutionary history of host-plant shifts among these leaf beetles. This chrysomelid genus is characteristically associated with a high number of different plant families. The diverse molecular data gathered in this study are to a large extent congruent, and the analyses provide a well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis to address questions about the evolution of host-plant shifts in the genus Gonioctena. The most-parsimonious reconstruction of the ancestral host-plant associations, based on the estimated phylogeny, suggests that the Fabaceae was the ancestral host-plant family of the genus. Although most of the host-plant shifts (between different host species) in Gonioctena have occurred within the same plant family or within the same plant genus, at least eight shifts have occurred between hosts belonging to distantly related and chemically dissimilar plant families. In these cases, host shifts may have been simply directed toward plant species available in the environment. Yet, given that two Gonioctena lineages have independently colonized the same three new plant families (Salicaceae, Betulaceae, Rosaceae), including four of the same new genera (Salix, Alnus, Prunus, Sorbus), some constraints are likely to have limited the different possibilities of interfamilial host-plant shifts.

01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: General remarks and conclusions are presented on the supraspecific taxonomy of the Megachiroptera and a classification is proposed which includes the raise to subfamily rank of the Rousettinee and Epomophorinae and the recognition of the new tribes Scotonycterini and Plerotini.
Abstract: This is the last part in a series comprising all Megachiroptera known from mainland Africa and its islands. The concept of the genus Lissonycteris Andersen, 1912 is reviewed and adapted. For the first time, its differential characters vis-a-vis the genera Rousettus Gray, 1821, and Myonycteris Matschie, 1899 as described in the literature have been checked against material of all the species involved. As a consequence, a number of these characters are considered of no taxonomic value and have not been retained, while some new differential characters are described. Lissonycteris and Myonycteris are considered different from Rousettus on generic level, while Lissonycteris and Myonycteris are more closely related to one another than each of these to Rousettus. New observations on all African and extralimital species of Rousettus are reported and the retention of Boneia Jentink, 1879 as a subgenus by Corbet et al. (1991, 1992) is rejected. Lissonycteris is considered a monotypic genus, with as single species the polytypic L. angolensis (Bocage, 1898). The subspecies angolensis, smithii (O. Thomas, 1908) and ruwenzorii (Eisentraut, 1965) are recognized, and two new subspecies, petraea and goliath, are described. Myonycteris consists of three species, torquata (Dobson, 1878), brachycephala (Bocage, 1889) and relicta Bergmans, 1980. Their present taxonomy is conform earlier reports (Bergmans, 1976, 1980a). M. torquata is considered a monotypical species. M. relicta is reported from Zimbabwe for the first time, extending its known distribution 1400 km southwards. Following Kirsch et al. (1995) and Springer et al. (1995), the subfamily Macroglossinae is considered a synonym of the subfamily Pteropodinae. The taxonomy and distribution of Megaloglossus woermanni Pagenstecher, 1885 are reviewed. In a final section, general remarks and conclusions are presented on the supraspecific taxonomy of the Megachiroptera and a classification is proposed which includes the raise to subfamily rank of the Rousettinae and Epomophorinae and the recognition of the new tribes Scotonycterini and Plerotini; some recent publications bearing on African species taxonomy are reviewed; and an appraisal is made of the distribution patterns found throughout this series. A vicariance model is proposed to explain the occurrence in Asia and Africa of both Pteropus Brisson, 1762 and Rousettus Gray, 1821. For woodland species, the regions SE Tchad/E Central African Republic/W Sudan; N half of Tanzania; and E Angola/adjoining Zaire have been identified as having (had) a barrier effect on dispersal. For forest species, important divides appear to be in the regions Volta River/Dahomey Gap; SE Nigeria; C and S Gabon; C Zaire, from N to S; the Western Rift system; several barriers in E Africa. Finally, an illustrated key to all African Megachiroptera is given, primarily based on externally visible characters and designed for use in the field.


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 1997-Botany
TL;DR: Fluorochrome-banded karyotypes of eight populations belonging to five taxa of the genus Artemisia from different European origins are presented, and the postulation of descendent dysploidy to explain the occurrence of the two basic numbers in the genus.
Abstract: Fluorochrome-banded karyotypes of eight populations belonging to five taxa of the genus Artemisia from different European origins are presented. The most common basic number x = 9 is found in six populations of two diploid and two tetraploid species, whereas two populations of one diploid species have the less frequent basic number x = 8. The data on chromosome morphology and fluorochrome banding lead to some karyosystematic and evolutionary considerations, among others the postulation of descendent dysploidy to explain the occurrence of the two basic numbers in the genus. Key words: Asteraceae, Anthemideae, Artemisia, karyotypes, fluorochrome banding, cytotaxonomy, evolution.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Distinct homogeneous clusters of established diatom taxa are described as three new genera and the nomenclatural type of the first genus, Frankophila similioides, is introduced as a new species.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Twenty-four species of Euastacus are recorded from New South Wales, with a key to all species of the genus provided, and nine new species are described.
Abstract: Twenty-four species of Euastacus are recorded from New South Wales. Nine new species are described: E. clarkae, E. dangadi, E. dharawalus, E. gamilaroi, E. gumar, E. guwinus, E. rieki, E. spinichelatus and E. yanga. The following species are synonymised: E. alienus with E. reductus, E. aquilus with E. neohirsutus, E. clydensis with E. spini[er, E. keirensis with E. hirsutus, E. nobilis with E. australasiensis and E. spinosus with E. spinifer. This study brings the number of recognised species in Euastacus to 41. A key to all species of the genus is provided. Relationships between taxa are discussed and comments on habitat are included. MORGAN, GARY J., 1997. Freshwater crayfish of the genus Euastacus Clark (Decapoda: Parastacidae) from New South Wales, with a key to all species of the genus. Records of the Australian Musuem, Supplement 23: 1-110.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Based on phylogenetic analysis of rbcL gene sequences from species of Vittariaceae, Vittaria and Antrophyum, respectively, polyphyletic and paraphyletic species are identified and new circumscriptions are developed with the goal of organizing the species into genera that are strictly monophyletic.
Abstract: Based on phylogenetic analysis of rbcL gene sequences from species of Vittariaceae, Vittaria and Antrophyum are, respectively, polyphyletic and paraphyletic. New circumscriptions are developed with the goal of organizing the species into genera that are strictly monophyletic. Species of Vittaria are placed in three genera, Vittaria, Haplopteris, and Radiovittaria, reflecting new hypotheses of their phylogenetic relation- ships. Species with leaves 4 mm wide and paraphyses bearing narrow apical cells are retained in Vittaria. Old World species with funnelform terminal cells on paraphyses and distichous phyllotaxy are placed in Haplopteris, whereas those with funnelform terminal cells on paraphyses and spiral phyllotaxy are placed in the new genus Radiovittaria. Species of Antrophyum are divided between the monophyletic genera Antrophyumn and Scoliosorus. Antrophyum is restricted to paleotropical species with pluriseriate venation and globose- tetrahedral spores. Those species with pluriseriate venation (neotropical and African) and bilateral spores are assigned to Scoliosorus. The genera Ananthacorus, Anetium, Hecistopteris, Monogramma, and Polytaenium are retained and given clarified circumscriptions. A description of the Vittariaceae and a key to the genera of the family are presented; all genera are described and new combinations are made for a number of species.

01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: An update of the systematics of the genus Mastonzys is presented, based on a biblio- graphical analysis and recent results obtained in various fields, with special emphasis on the karyotype, which appears to be an especially informative, species-specific character in the genus.
Abstract: An update of the systematics of the genus Mastonzys is presented, based on a biblio- graphical analysis and recent results obtained in various fields. Seven species are considered, name- ly M. erythroleucus, M. coucha, M. shoi-tridgei, M. natalensis, M. huberti, M. pernanus and M. ver- heyeizi. M. hildebraizdtii, listed by some authors, is considered here as species inquirenda, due to insufficient evidence. The main characteristics of these species are described, with special emphasis on the karyotype, which appears to be an especially informative, species-specific character in the genus. The known distribution of each species is mapped, and the various intrageneric phylogenetic hypotheses are presented. The difficulties that remain in this group are listed, together with some directions in which further research should be carried on. l~~~ll~~~l~~l~~~ l