Showing papers on "Genus published in 2010"
TL;DR: This work is intended as a consensus list of valid tick names, following recent revisionary studies, wherein it recognizes 896 species of ticks in 3 families.
Abstract: This work is intended as a consensus list of valid tick names, following recent revisionary studies, wherein we recognize 896 species of ticks in 3 families. The Nuttalliellidae is monotypic, containing the single entity Nuttalliella namaqua. The Argasidae consists of 193 species, but there is widespread disagreement concerning the genera in this family, and fully 133 argasids will have to be further studied before any consensus can be reached on the issue of genus-level classification. The Ixodidae comprises 702 species in 14 genera: Amblyomma (130 species, of which 17 were formerly included in Aponomma, a genus that is still considered valid by some authors), Anomalohimalaya (3), Bothriocroton (7, all previously included in Aponomma), Cosmiomma (1), Cornupalpatum (1), Compluriscutula (1), Dermacentor (34, including the single member of the former genus Anocentor, which is still considered valid by some authors), Haemaphysalis (166), Hyalomma (27), Ixodes (243), Margaropus (3), Nosomma (2), Rhipicentor (2) and Rhipicephalus (82, including 5 species from the former genus Boophilus, which is still considered valid by some authors). We regard six names as invalid: Amblyomma laticaudae Warburton, 1933 is a synonym of Amblyomma nitidum Hirst & Hirst, 1910; Bothriocroton decorosum (Koch, 1867) is a synonym of B. undatum (Fabricius, 1775); Haemaphysalis vietnamensis Hoogstraal & Wilson, 1966 is a synonym of H. colasbelcouri (Santos Dias, 1958); Haemaphysalis xinjiangensis Teng, 1980 is a synonym of H. danieli C erný & Hoogstraal, 1977; Hyalomma erythraeum Tonelli-Rondelli, 1932 is a synonym of H. impeltatum Schulze and Schlottke, 1930 and Rhipicephalus hoogstraali Kolonin, 2009 was not described according to the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.
487 citations
TL;DR: The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the current Boeremaean subdivision is incorrect from an evolutionary point of view, revealing the genus Phoma to be highly polyphyletic.
431 citations
TL;DR: The genus Paraphoma is reintroduced in the Phaeosphaeriaceae with two additional taxa, and the new genera Setophoma and Neosetophoma elucidate the confusing taxonomy of species in genera Phoma, Pyrenochaeta and Pleurophoma and recognize monophyletic genera with distinct teleomorph affinities.
Abstract: Sequence data from the 18S nrDNA (SSU) and 28S nrDNA (LSU) regions of isolates of Phoma section Paraphoma were compared with those of representative isolates of the morphologically similar anamorph genera Pleurophoma and Pyrenochaeta and of the type species of Phoma sections Phoma, Pilosa and Plenodomus. Phoma section Paraphoma was found to be highly polyphyletic within the Pleosporales and only distantly related to Phoma section Phoma. The genus Paraphoma, which is based on Paraphoma radicina, is reintroduced in the Phaeosphaeriaceae with two additional taxa. The new genera Setophoma and Neosetophoma, type species Setophoma terrestris comb. nov. and Neosetophoma samarorum comb. nov., are introduced and represent species that are closely related to Paraphoma but differ based on morpho- logical characters and molecular phylogeny. Phoma coonsii is transferred to genus Chaetosphaeronema that also belongs to the Phaeosphaeriaceae. Pyrenochae- topsis gen. nov. is introduced to accommodate the type species Pyrenochaetopsis leptospora comb. nov., as well as several other species formerly accommodated in Phoma and Pyrenochaeta. Pyrenochaetopsis is closely related to Pyrenochaeta and classified in the Cucurbi- tariaceae. Pleurophoma cava is transferred to genus Pyrenochaeta. The new genera elucidate the confusing taxonomy of species in genera Phoma, Pyrenochaeta and Pleurophoma and recognize monophyletic genera with distinct teleomorph affinities.
190 citations
TL;DR: A new monotypic genus, Bloszykiella africana gen. nov., sp.
Abstract: A new monotypic genus, Bloszykiella africana gen. nov., sp. nov. (Mesostigmata: Uropodina: Uropodidae) is described on the basis of two females and one deutonymph found in soil samples from Tanzania. The new genus is unusual among Uropodina in having large strongly dentate chelicerae.
166 citations
TL;DR: Xylaria appears to be a paraphyletic genus, with most of the 11 genera submerged within it, and apparently diverged from Xylaria and the other genera early.
160 citations
Book•
29 Jan 2010
TL;DR: The genus CaUinectes was formed by Stimpsou in 1860 for the reception of the species of Portniiiche haviug with a narrow or ±-shaped abdomen in the male, and the merus of the outer maxillipeds short, sharply prominent, and curved outward at its antero-external angle.
Abstract: The genus CaUinectes was formed by Stimpsou in 1860 ^ for the reception of the species of Portniiiche haviug a narrow or ±-shaped abdomen in the male, and the merus of the outer maxillipeds short, sharply prominent, and curved outward at its antero-external angle. In this genus he places "the common American Lupa diacanfha^^ (Latreille), and for want of sufficient material is unable to find constant differences between the northern and southern varieties of this species, or even to separate Pacific Coast specimens, regarding as doubtfully distinct L. beJlicosa, which he had recently described from Guaymas. In 1S63 Lieut. Albert Ordway ^ j)ublished comparative descriptions of nine different species of CaUinectes.^ Say's name hastatus was given to the common sjiecies of eastern North America, the name diacanthus was restricted to a Brazilian form described by Dana in 1852, and six new species were added. Mr. Ordwaj^ claimed that there were wellmarked characters separating the species, the variations in the abdomi-
153 citations
TL;DR: The phylogenetic trees show that the genus Pythium is a highly divergent group and divided into five well- or moderately supported monophyletic clades, characterized by sporangial morphology such as globose, ovoid, elongated, or filamentous shapes.
153 citations
148 citations
TL;DR: The results evidenced the usefulness of the DNA barcodes for cataloguing Cuban freshwater fish species and for identifying those groups that deserve further taxonomic attention.
Abstract: Despite ongoing efforts to protect species and ecosystems in Cuba, habitat degradation, overuse and introduction of alien species have posed serious challenges to native freshwater fish species. In spite of the accumulated knowledge on the systematics of this freshwater ichthyofauna, recent results suggested that we are far from having a complete picture of the Cuban freshwater fish diversity. It is estimated that 40% of freshwater Cuban fish are endemic; however, this number may be even higher. Partial sequences (652 bp) of the mitochondrial gene COI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) were used to barcode 126 individuals, representing 27 taxonomically recognized species in 17 genera and 10 families. Analysis was based on Kimura 2-parameter genetic distances, and for four genera a character-based analysis (population aggregation analysis) was also used. The mean conspecific, congeneric and confamiliar genetic distances were 0.6%, 9.1% and 20.2% respectively. Molecular species identification was in concordance with current taxonomical classification in 96.4% of cases, and based on the neighbour-joining trees, in all but one instance, members of a given genera clustered within the same clade. Within the genus Gambusia, genetic divergence analysis suggests that there may be at least four cryptic species. In contrast, low genetic divergence and a lack of diagnostic sites suggest that Rivulus insulaepinorum may be conspecific with Rivulus cylindraceus. Distance and character-based analysis were completely concordant, suggesting that they complement species identification. Overall, the results evidenced the usefulness of the DNA barcodes for cataloguing Cuban freshwater fish species and for identifying those groups that deserve further taxonomic attention.
145 citations
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: The genus Gossypium has a long history of taxonomic and evolutionary study, but this diversity is dwarfed by that included in the genus as a whole, whose 50 species have an aggregate geographic range that encompasses most tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Abstract: The genus Gossypium has a long history of taxonomic and evolutionary study. Much of this attention has been stimulated by the fact that the genus includes four domesticated species, the New World allopolyploids G. hirsutum and G.barbadense (2n = 52), and the Old World diploids G. arboreum and G. herbaceum (2n = 26). These cultivated species embody considerable genetic diversity, but this diversity is dwarfed by that included in the genus as a whole, whose 50 species have an aggregate geographic range that encompasses most tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
TL;DR: It is argued that the results support a taxonomic revision of the genus Drosophila, which is known to be paraphyletic with respect to several other genera, but considerable uncertainty remains about other aspects of the phylogeny.
Abstract: The genus Drosophila is diverse and heterogeneous and contains a large number of easy-to-rear species, so it is an attractive subject for comparative studies. The ability to perform such studies is currently compromised by the lack of a comprehensive phylogeny for Drosophila and related genera. The genus Drosophila as currently defined is known to be paraphyletic with respect to several other genera, but considerable uncertainty remains about other aspects of the phylogeny. Here, we estimate a phylogeny for 176 drosophilid (12 genera) and four non-drosophilid species, using gene sequences for up to 13 different genes per species (average: 4333 bp, five genes per species). This is the most extensive set of molecular data on drosophilids yet analysed. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted with maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian approaches. Our analysis confirms that the genus Drosophila is paraphyletic with 100% support in the Bayesian analysis and 90% bootstrap support in the ML analysis. The subgenus Sophophora, which includes Drosophila melanogaster, is the sister clade of all the other subgenera as well as of most species of six other genera. This sister clade contains two large, well-supported subclades. The first subclade contains the Hawaiian Drosophila, the genus Scaptomyza, and the virilis-repleta radiation. The second contains the immigrans-tripunctata radiation as well as the genera Hirtodrosophila (except Hirtodrosophila duncani), Mycodrosophila, Zaprionus and Liodrosophila. We argue that these results support a taxonomic revision of the genus Drosophila.
TL;DR: The phylogenetic analysis of new mitochondrial DNA sequences of 58 species of Macrobrachium distributed mainly in America support the hypothesis of monophyly of this genus, and conclude that the independent evolution of different types of life cycle must have occurred more than once in the history of the group.
Abstract: The genus Macrobrachium Bate, 1868 is one of the best examples of widespread crustacean genera distributed globally throughout tropical and subtropical waters. Previous investigators have noted the systematic complexity of the group, and have suggested rearrangements within the family Palaemonidae. Our phylogenetic analysis of new mitochondrial DNA sequences of 58 species of Macrobrachium distributed mainly in America support the hypothesis of monophyly of this genus, if Cryphiops Dana, 1852 is accepted as a generic synonym. We concluded that the independent evolution of different types of life cycle (abbreviated larval development – ALD and extended larval development – ELD) must have occurred more than once in the history of the group. Similarly, we also concluded that the current type species of the genus, Macrobrachium americanum Bate, 1868, should not be considered valid, as previously proposed. The synonymy of two members of the ‘olfersi’ species complex (M. birai Lobao, Melo & Fernandes, 1986 and M. holthuisi Genofre & Lobao, 1978) with M. olfersi (Wiegmann, 1836) was confirmed. Similar results were found in comparing M. petronioi Melo, Lobao & Fernandes, 1986 and M. potiuna (Muller, 1880), in which the genetic divergence placed M. petronioi within the level of intraspecific variation of M. potiuna. The taxonomic status of the genus Cryphiops, as well as theories on the origin of Macrobrachium, is also called into question.
TL;DR: A phylogeny of the Prenolepis genus‐group was inferred using DNA sequence data from five genes and two genera were not recovered as monophyletic by the molecular data, and the implications of this result are discussed.
Abstract: We investigated the phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus- group, a clade of ants we define within the subfamily Formicinae comprising the genera Euprenolepis, Nylanderia, gen. rev., Paraparatrechina, gen. rev. & stat. nov., Para- trechina, Prenolepis and Pseudolasius. We inferred a phylogeny of the Prenolepis genus-group using DNA sequence data from five genes (CAD, EF1αF1, EF1αF2, wingless and COI) sampled from 50 taxa. Based on the results of this phylogeny the taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group was re-examined. Paratrechina (broad sense) species segregated into three distinct, robust clades. Paratrechina longicornis represents a distinct lineage, a result consistent with morphological evidence; because this is the type species for the genus, Paratrechina is redefined as a monotypic genus. Two formerly synonymized subgenera, Nylanderia and Paraparatrechina, are raised to generic status in order to provide names for the other two clades. The majority of taxa formerly placed in Paratrechina, 133 species and subspecies, are transferred to Nylan- deria, and 28 species and subspecies are transferred to Paraparatrechina. In addition, two species are transferred from Pseudolasius to Paraparatrechina and one species of Pseudolasius is transferred to Nylanderia. A morphological diagnosis for the worker caste of all six genera is provided, with a discussion of the morphological characters used to define each genus. Two genera, Prenolepis and Pseudolasius, were not recov- ered as monophyletic by the molecular data, and the implications of this result are dis- cussed. A worker-based key to the genera of the Prenolepis genus-group is provided.
TL;DR: This is the first published study that approaches the elucidation of marine tapeworm life-cycles by incorporating morphological, molecular biological and phylogenetic methods using specimens collected on a regional scale and from wild-caught hosts from four metazoan phyla.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The extent of community awareness and related practices about kala-azar undertaken by them to control the disease, in an highly endemic focus of Bihar, India, is assessed, which could prove to be useful for health planners in developing suitable control strategies.
Abstract: Illustrated keys for the identification of the fourth-instar larvae and adult females of the mosquito species of tribe Aedini in Thailand are presented, along with the geographic distribution of the species and the known habitats of their immature stages. The keys are the first to encompass the recent revisionary studies of tribe Aedini. One hundred and seventy-five species of Aedini belonging to 38 genera and 18 subgenera are recognized in Thailand. Two species of genus Armigeres, two of genus Collessius, and one of genus Downsiomyia are undescribed. Himalaius simlensis (formerly Aedes (Finlaya) simlensis), Hopkinsius (Yamada) albocinctus (formerly Aedes (Finlaya) albocinctus), Downsiomyia nipponica and Downsiomyia saperoi (formerly species of Aedes (Finlaya)), and Hulecoeteomyia pallirostris (formerly Ochlerotatus (Finlaya) pallirostris) are new country records. Aedimorphus (formerly a subgenus of Aedes), Cancraedes, and Rhinoskusea (formerly subgenera of Ochlerotatus) are recognized as genera, and genus Petermattinglyius includes species previously included in Diceromyia (formerly a subgenus of Aedes) in Thailand. Heteraspidion, Huangmyia, Stegomyia, and Xyele are newly recognized subgenera of genus Stego- myia (formerly a subgenus of Aedes), which includes eight species without subgeneric placement. Two unidentified and unplaced species were discovered in Thailand.
TL;DR: Phylogenetic inference suggests a South American origin for Verbenaceae, with approximately six colonization events having given rise to the Old World species.
Abstract: UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY Verbenaceae consist of trees, shrubs, lianas, and herbs distributed primarily in Latin America, where they occur in a wide array of ecosystems. A second center of diversity exists in Africa. Competing morphology-based classifications that rely on different traits conflict in significant ways. A broad phylogenetic study was undertaken to assess those classifications and to examine the historical geography of the family. • METHODS Analysis of seven chloroplast DNA regions for 109 species, representing all genera except one monotypic genus, provide inference into evolutionary relationships in Verbenaceae. • KEY RESULTS The phylogeny shows that none of the traditional classifications reflect phylogenetic relationships very well. Eight clades are recognized as tribes (Casselieae, Citharexyleae, Duranteae, Lantaneae, Neospartoneae trib. nov., Petreeae, Priveae, and Verbeneae). Two genera, Dipyrena and Rhaphithamnus, remain unplaced in these larger clades. Petreeae, which consist of Neotropical lianas, are sister to the rest of the family. Lantaneae and Verbeneae together form a derived clade that comprises approximately two-thirds of the species in Verbenaceae. • CONCLUSIONS We present a new tribal classification, including one new tribe, Neospartoneae trib. nov., to accommodate three small genera of Argentine species (Diostea, Neosparton, and Lampaya). Phylogenetic inference suggests a South American origin for Verbenaceae, with approximately six colonization events having given rise to the Old World species.
TL;DR: The phylogenetic relationships of a representative subset of specimens were reconstructed based on rDNA and COI, thus allowing a direct link between morphologic and genetic information.
Book•
18 Aug 2010
TL;DR: A reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships based on three chloroplast DNA markers comprising 98 species of the genus Potentilla and 15 additional genera from the tribe Potentilleae (Rosaceae) supported the current generic concept of the subtribe Fragariinae and resolved major lineages within the subtribes Potentillinae.
TL;DR: Phylogenetic relationships in the Sargassaceae were explored using three DNA markers, and the monophyly of its genera was challenged, and some evolutionary trends could be discerned from the mt23S + psbA phylogeny.
Abstract: Phylogenetic relationships in the Sargassaceae were explored using three DNA markers, and the monophyly of its genera was challenged. Nineteen out of 24 currently recognized genera were sampled, representing 63 species. The variable mt23S-tRNA Val intergenic spacer could only be aligned within genera and could not be used to infer intergeneric relationships. The partial mt23S was also useful to delineate genera and was alignable at the family level but provided few informative characters. Analysis of mt23S DNA sequences together with chloroplast-encoded psbA sequences resulted in a better resolved phylogeny. Hormophysa was the first genus to branch off within the Sargassaceae, followed by Myriodesma; then the three genera Caulocystis, Carpoglossum, and Scaberia in unresolved order; and then Acrocarpia. The other taxa studied here were divided over three major clades, but there was no branch support for the monophyly of two of these. The genera Bifurcaria, Cystoseira, Halidrys, and Sargassum appeared polyphyletic. The following taxonomic changes are proposed: a new genus Brassicophycus for Bifurcaria brassicaeformis (Kutzing) E. S. Barton; reinstatement of the genus Sargassopsis for Sargassum decurrens (R. Brown ex Turner) C. Agardh; reinstatement of the genus Sirophysalis for Indo-Pacific Cystoseira trinodis (Forsskal) C. Agardh; reinstatement of the genus Polycladia for the western Indian Ocean species Cystoseira indica (Thivy et Doshi) Mairh, Cystoseira myrica (S. G. Gmelin) C. Agardh, and Acystis heinii Schiffner; and reinstatement of the genus Stephanocystis for the North Pacific Cystoseira species and Halidrys dioica N. L. Gardner. The European Cystoseira species should be split into three genera, but no name changes are proposed yet, because diagnostic characters were found only for the clade including the type species. Some evolutionary trends could be discerned from the mt23S + psbA phylogeny.
TL;DR: A data set including two mitochondrial genes for 125 dipsadid taxa belonging to 59 genera is built in order to gain further insights on the phylogenetic relationships of this large group at the subfamilial and generic levels.
TL;DR: The phylogenetic hypothesis indicates that the genus Chrysaora forms a monophyletic group, with C. achlyos having a basal position in the phylogeny.
Abstract: Revision of the scyphozoan genus Chrysaora Peron & Lesueur, 1810 was undertaken from observations on museum material (Brazil, Europe, and USA), on living specimens in nature, and on life-cycles of some species cultured under laboratory conditions. A total of 168 museum lots, some of them having many medusae, were inspected. Included amongst these were nine type specimens. The genus comprises 13 valid species (Chrysaora achlyos, C. chinensis, C. colorata, C. fulgida, C. fuscescens, C. hysoscella, C. lactea, C. melanaster, C. pacifica, C. pentastoma, C. plocamia, and C. quinquecirrha), one species inquirenda (Chrysaora caliparea), and two doubtful species (C. kynthia and C. wurlerra). Differentiation of species is based mostly on tentacle number, shape of radial septa, order of tentacle development, colouration, and measurements of nematocysts. We resurrect C. chinensis for specimens from southeast Asia. Chrysaora pacifica is considered valid and distinct from C. melanaster based on tentacle number and nematocyst complement. Mediterranean specimens assigned to C. hysoscella are hermaphroditic and thereby considered distinct from those of C. fulgida from west Africa. Chrysaora achlyos (northeast Pacific) and C. plocamia (southeast Pacific and southwest Atlantic) are geographically isolated but morphologically identical, being distinguished only by colour pattern. The recently described C. southcotti is considered a junior synonym of C. pentastoma. The Australian C. kynthia and C. wurlerra, here considered nomina dubia, merit further study. Our phylogenetic hypothesis indicates that the genus Chrysaora forms a monophyletic group, with C. colorata, C. plocamia, and C. achlyos having a basal position in the phylogeny. Species with more than 24 tentacles (formerly assigned to the genus Dactylometra) form a clade with a derived position.
TL;DR: The phylogenetic analyses elaborated previous results in supporting the monophyly of the family and suggested that Musella and Ensete may be congeneric or at least closely related, but refuted the previous infrageneric classification of Musa.
TL;DR: The genetic results (especially COI, but partially also ITS) support more restricted geographical ranges and indicate more restricted depth distributions, and corroborate the usefulness of a narrow morphological species definition.
TL;DR: Molecular phylogenetic and morphological evidence places Rubyspira in an exclusively deep-sea assemblage that includes several close relatives previously known as fossils associated with Cretaceous cold seeps, plesiosaur bones, and Eocene whalebones.
Abstract: Rubyspira, a new genus of deep-sea snails (Gastropoda: Abyssochrysoidea) with two living species, derives its nutrition from decomposing whalebones. Molec- ular phylogenetic and morphological evidence places the new genus in an exclusively deep-sea assemblage that in- cludes several close relatives previously known as fossils associated with Cretaceous cold seeps, plesiosaur bones, and Eocene whalebones. The ability to exploit a variety of marine reducing environments may have contributed to the evolutionary longevity of this gastropod lineage.