Showing papers on "Genus published in 2022"
TL;DR: An updated worldwide phylogenetic classification of Poaceae with 11 783 species in 12 subfamilies, 7 supertribes, 54 tribes, 5 super subtribes, 109 subt tribes, and 789 accepted genera is presented.
Abstract: We present an updated worldwide phylogenetic classification of Poaceae with 11 783 species in 12 subfamilies, 7 supertribes, 54 tribes, 5 super subtribes, 109 subtribes, and 789 accepted genera. The subfamilies (in descending order based on the number of species) are Pooideae with 4126 species in 219 genera, 15 tribes, and 34 subtribes; Panicoideae with 3325 species in 242 genera, 14 tribes, and 24 subtribes; Bambusoideae with 1698 species in 136 genera, 3 tribes, and 19 subtribes; Chloridoideae with 1603 species in 121 genera, 5 tribes, and 30 subtribes; Aristidoideae with 367 species in three genera and one tribe; Danthonioideae with 292 species in 19 genera and 1 tribe; Micrairoideae with 192 species in nine genera and three tribes; Oryzoideae with 117 species in 19 genera, 4 tribes, and 2 subtribes; Arundinoideae with 36 species in 14 genera and 3 tribes; Pharoideae with 12 species in three genera and one tribe; Puelioideae with 11 species in two genera and two tribes; and the Anomochlooideae with four species in two genera and two tribes. Two new tribes and 22 new or resurrected subtribes are recognized. Forty‐five new (28) and resurrected (17) genera are accepted, and 24 previously accepted genera are placed in synonymy. We also provide an updated list of all accepted genera including common synonyms, genus authors, number of species in each accepted genus, and subfamily affiliation. We propose Locajonoa, a new name and rank with a new combination, L. coerulescens. The following seven new combinations are made in Lorenzochloa: L. bomanii, L. henrardiana, L. mucronata, L. obtusa, L. orurensis, L. rigidiseta, and L. venusta.
44 citations
TL;DR: A classification of the entire Phylum Nematoda is presented, based on current molecular, developmental and morphological evidence, which reflects the evolutionary relationships within the phylum as well as significant areas of uncertainty, particularly related to the early evolution of nematodes.
Abstract: A classification of the entire Phylum Nematoda is presented, based on current molecular, developmental and morphological evidence. The classification reflects the evolutionary relationships within the phylum, as well as significant areas of uncertainty, particularly related to the early evolution of nematodes. It includes 3 classes, 8 subclasses, 12 superorders, 32 orders, 53 suborders, 101 superfamilies, 276 families, 511 subfamilies, 3030 genera, and 28537 species. All valid species named from the time of publication of the previous classification and census (2010) to the end of 2019 are listed, along with the number of valid species in each genus. Taxonomic authorities are provided for taxon names of all ranks. The habitats where the species in each genus are found are listed, and an alphabetic index of genus names is provided. The systematics of nematodes is reviewed, along with a history of nematode classification; evolutionary affinities and origins of nematodes; and the current diagnosis of the group. Short overviews of the general biology, ecology, scientific and economic importance of the group are presented.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors examined 12 ascomycete genera as case studies to establish trends in fungal species descriptions, and introduce new species in each genus, highlighting the importance of traditional morpho-molecular methods in publishing new species, and introducing novel taxa in 12 genera that are considered to have low species discovery.
Abstract: Abstract The global diversity of fungi has been estimated using several different approaches. There is somewhere between 2–11 million estimated species, but the number of formally described taxa is around 150,000, a tiny fraction of the total. In this paper, we examine 12 ascomycete genera as case studies to establish trends in fungal species descriptions, and introduce new species in each genus. To highlight the importance of traditional morpho-molecular methods in publishing new species, we introduce novel taxa in 12 genera that are considered to have low species discovery. We discuss whether the species are likely to be rare or due to a lack of extensive sampling and classification. The genera are Apiospora , Bambusicola , Beltrania , Capronia , Distoseptispora , Endocalyx , Neocatenulostroma , Neodeightonia , Paraconiothyrium , Peroneutypa , Phaeoacremonium and Vanakripa . We discuss host-specificity in selected genera and compare the number of species epithets in each genus with the number of ITS (barcode) sequences deposited in GenBank and UNITE. We furthermore discuss the relationship between the divergence times of these genera with those of their hosts. We hypothesize whether there might be more species in these genera and discuss hosts and habitats that should be investigated for novel species discovery.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a classification of Oligocene European cricetids was made for the first time, and a new species of Pseudocricetodon was described from a level slightly lower than the oldest occurrence of the genus known so far.
Abstract: A proposal is made for a classification of Oligocene European cricetids. Various problems concerning the evolution of Eucricetodon and Pseudocricetodon are discussed. A new species of Pseudocricetodon is described from a level slightly lower than the oldest occurrence of the genus, known so far.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the Potrerillos and Los Rastros formations, from Mendoza and La Rioja Provinces respectively of Argentina, were described and three new genera and five new species were proposed.
Abstract: The present paper describes new fossil insect taxa from the Potrerillos and Los Rastros formations, from Mendoza and La Rioja Provinces respectively of Argentina, both of which are dated as late Middle Triassic to early Late Triassic. Three new genera and five new species are proposed, namely Dysmorphoptiloides acostai n. sp., Argentinocicada magna n. gen. et n. sp., Argentinocicada minuta n. sp., Potrerillia nervosa n. gen. et n. sp. (Auchenorrhyncha) and Miomina mendozina n. gen. et n. sp. (Miomoptera). The genus Notopamphagopsis Cabrera (Ensifera) is reviewed. These insects currently represent the most important documentation of a Triasssic insect fauna from South America.
19 citations
TL;DR: This paper is the fourth contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series and provides morphological descriptions and information about the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms, as well as DNA barcodes for the taxa covered.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a large genomic dataset that includes data from the chloroplast (plastomes), and nuclear genomes (ITS and 5,759 single-copy nuclear genes) to reconstruct phylogenetic relationship within Catalpa, test interspecific gene flow events within the genus, and infer its biogeographic history.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the evolutionary relationships between these organisms were clarified by assembling 26 genomes of Rickettsia species from understudied groups, including the Torix group, and two genomes of 'Ca. Megaira' from various insects and microeukaryotes.
Abstract: Members of the bacterial genus Rickettsia were originally identified as causative agents of vector-borne diseases in mammals. However, many Rickettsia species are arthropod symbionts and close relatives of 'Candidatus Megaira', which are symbiotic associates of microeukaryotes. Here, we clarify the evolutionary relationships between these organisms by assembling 26 genomes of Rickettsia species from understudied groups, including the Torix group, and two genomes of 'Ca. Megaira' from various insects and microeukaryotes. Our analyses of the new genomes, in comparison with previously described ones, indicate that the accessory genome diversity and broad host range of Torix Rickettsia are comparable to those of all other Rickettsia combined. Therefore, the Torix clade may play unrecognized roles in invertebrate biology and physiology. We argue this clade should be given its own genus status, for which we propose the name 'Candidatus Tisiphia'.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors used a large genomic dataset that includes data from the chloroplast (plastomes), and nuclear genomes (ITS and 5,759 single-copy nuclear genes) to reconstruct phylogenetic relationship within Catalpa, test interspecific gene flow events within the genus, and infer its biogeographic history.
18 citations
TL;DR: The Andreninae (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) is a widely distributed and diverse group of ground-nesting solitary bees, including numerous species known to be important pollinators as mentioned in this paper .
17 citations
TL;DR: Phylogenetic hypothesis shows that P. jicaquei is most closely to P. goryi, these two taxa form a sister clade to all other Proculus species, which occurs from Mexico to Colombia.
Abstract: The genus and its five known species are redescribed and P. jicaquei sp. nov. is described. Synonymies include P. beckeri Zang, 1905 with P. opacipennis (Thompson, 1857) (new synonymy), P. mandibularis Casey, 1914 with P. burmeisteri Kuwert, 1891 (new synonymy), P. magister Casey, 1897 with P. mniszechi Kaup, 1868 (new synonymy), P. densipennis Casey, 1914 with P. opacipennis (Thompson, 1857) (new synonymy), and P. kraatzi Kuwert, 1898 with P. mniszechi Kaup, 1868 (new synonymy). We include a phylogenetic analysis, keys for larvae and adults, and biogeographic information for each species. The genus occurs from Mexico to Colombia. Proculus mniszechi is parapatric with P. burmeisteri and partially sympatric with P. opacipennis in Sierra de las Minas, Sierra de Santa Cruz and Cuchumatan Mountains; P. mniszechi occurs in a type of cloud forest above 1500 m altitude, whereas P. opacipennis occurs in another cloud forest type below 1500 m. Proculus opacipennis has a similar relation with P. opacus Kuwert 1891 in the Cuchumatan Mountains, where P. opacus apparently replaces P. mniszechi. Proculus goryi (Melly, 1833) occurs in the volcanic chain of the Pacific coast of Guatemala and Chiapas, Mexico. Proculus jicaquei sp. nov. is known only from the mountains northwest of Yoro, Honduras. Phylogenetic hypothesis shows that P. jicaquei is most closely to P. goryi, these two taxa form a sister clade to all other Proculus species. Proculus mniszechi and P. burmeisteri are sister taxa, as are P. opacus and P. opacipennis.
TL;DR: The finding of the Raractocetus beetle from Rovno amber is of significant biogeographically because it indicates the wide distribution of the genus in the Eocene European amber forests, and is one of the smallest atractocerines known to date.
Abstract: A new lymexylid fossil species, †Raractocetus sverlilo Nazarenko, Perkovsky & Yamamoto, sp. nov., is described from late Eocene Rovno amber of Ukraine. This new species is similar to species of the recent genera Atractocerus Palisot de Beauvois and Raractocetus Kurosawa in the ship-timber beetle subfamily Atractocerinae, but differs in pronotal and elytral features. Notably, the new species is one of the smallest atractocerines known to date. This is the first member of the family Lymexylidae found in Rovno amber. Our finding sheds further light on the paleodiversity of atractocerine beetles, highlighting a peculiar distribution during the Eocene. Only one extant atractocerine specimen has been reported from Europe (Greece), while three species from Eocene European amber forests with equable climate are known now, including two species from the otherwise tropical genus Raractocetus. Our finding of the Raractocetus beetle from Rovno amber is of significant biogeographically because it indicates the wide distribution of the genus in the Eocene European amber forests.
TL;DR: Molecular dating revealed that both origin and divergence of subgenus Fritillaria, as well as its four major clades, were significantly associated with geological and climatic fluctuations during the Middle to Late Miocene.
Abstract: The Fritillaria is an extremely complicated genus in taxonomy and phylogeny, which contains numerous medicinal species in China. Both traditional characteristic-based taxonomy and universal DNA barcodes (ITS, trnH-psbA, and rbcL) are difficult to effectively identify the species. Here, we generated a large dataset of chloroplast genomes from multiple accessions per species of Fritillaria to evaluate their effectiveness in species discrimination. Moreover, phylogeny of species in China was explored based on the complete chloroplast genomes, and then divergence times of each node were estimated. The results showed that all 21 species in Fritillaria here (including two suspicious species) could be correctly discriminated using cpDNA genomes except F. cirrhosa, which suggested that DNA super-barcode could greatly enhance species discriminatory resolution for complicated genera. Furthermore, four regions (ycf1, matK-trnG-GCC, rpoC1, and matK) gained remarkably higher resolution than that of other plastid regions, but only matK might be suitable to identify Fritillaria species in consideration of its lengths. Phylogenomic analysis showed that the subgenus Fritillaria in China was divided into four major clades with obvious geographic structure. Among them, Clade I, mainly distributed in southwest China, was a young and complicated group. Moreover, according to the analysis, taxonomic treatments of the two suspicious species, namely “F. omeiensis” and “F. hupehensis” in Flora of China (2000) are questionable and might need further revision. Molecular dating revealed that both origin and divergence of subgenus Fritillaria, as well as its four major clades, were significantly associated with geological and climatic fluctuations during the Middle to Late Miocene. This study would enrich case studies of DNA super-barcode and provide new insights on speciation, lineage diversification, and biogeography of the Fritillaria in China.
TL;DR: Chrysanthemum is a dicotyledonous genus belonging to the family Asteraceae as mentioned in this paper, which is one of the most widely used genus of plants in the world.
TL;DR: In this article , it was shown that for any genus ε > 0, as genus $g$ goes to infinity, a generic surface satisfies that the first eigenvalue of the Weil-Petersson metric of ε ≥ 0.
Abstract: Let $M_g$ be the moduli space of hyperbolic surfaces of genus $g$ endowed with the Weil-Petersson metric. In this paper, we show that for any $\epsilon>0$, as genus $g$ goes to infinity, a generic surface $X\in M_g$ satisfies that the first eigenvalue $\lambda_1(X)>\frac{3}{16}-\epsilon$. As an application, we also show that a generic surface $X\in M_g$ satisfies that the diameter $\mathrm{diam}(X)<(4+\epsilon)\ln(g)$ for large genus.
TL;DR: This review provides new insights into the ethnomedicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Zingiber and brings to the forefront key findings on the functional components of this genus in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Abstract: Plant of the genus Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) have primarily distributed in subtropical and tropical Asia, South America and Africa. The species of this genus have been widely used as food and in folk with a long history for treating various diseases. Reports related to the phytochemistry and phytochemistry of Zingiber species are numerous, but articles on the summary of the genus Zingiber remain scarce. This review aims at presenting comprehensive information about the genus Zingiber and providing a reference for the future application by systematically reviewing the literature from 1981 to 2020. Currently, a total of 447 phytochemical constituents have been isolated and identified from this genus, in which volatile oils, diarylheptanoids, gingerols, flavonoids and terpenoids are the major components. Gingerols, which are the main functional components, are the spicy and aromatic ingredients in the Zingiber species. Extracts and single compounds from Zingiber plants have been discovered to possess numerous biological functions, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, larvicidal, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. This review provides new insights into the ethnomedicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Zingiber and brings to the forefront key findings on the functional components of this genus in food and pharmaceutical industries.
TL;DR: Chrysanthemum is a dicotyledonous genus belonging to the family Asteraceae as discussed by the authors , which is one of the most widely used genus of plants in the world.
TL;DR: Saxicolella is a genus of African rheophytes, restricted to rapids and waterfalls as discussed by the authors , and is a member of the Podostemaceae family.
Abstract: Summary Species of the genus Saxicolella Engl. (Podostemaceae) are African rheophytes, restricted to rapids and waterfalls as are all members of the family. Previously, Saxicolella sensu lato was shown to be polyphyletic with two separate clades. The name Pohliella Engl. was recently resurrected for one clade that is sister to the American genera Ceratolacis (Tul.) Wedd., Podostemum Michx. and all Old World Podostemoideae. Pohliella has distichous phyllotaxy, bilocular ovaries, filiform roots with paired holdfasts, and rootcaps. The second clade, Saxicolella sensu stricto , including the type of the generic name, has spiral phyllotaxy, unilocular ovaries, ribbon-like or crustose roots that lack both holdfasts and rootcaps. Saxicolella sensu stricto , sampled from the type species, S. nana Engl. of Cameroon, is embedded within and near the base of the major clade of African podostemoids and is sister to all other African genera apart from Inversodicraea R.E.Fr. and Monandriella Engl. Recently reduced to three species in Cameroon and SE Nigeria by the resurrection of Pohliella, Saxicolella sensu stricto is expanded to eight species in this monograph by description of five new taxa. Saxicolella futa Cheek and S. deniseae Cheek are newly described from Guinea, S. ijim Cheek from Cameroon, the informally named S. sp. A from Gabon, and S. angola Cheek from Angola. The known geographic range of the genus is thus expanded c. 2,500 km westwards to Guinea from eastern Nigeria and c.1,500 km southeastwards from near Yaoundé to Cuanza do Sul, Angola. The greatest concentration of species occurs in the Cross-Sanaga interval of western Cameroon and eastern Nigeria, with three species. Cameroon (3 species) followed by Nigeria and Guinea (2 species each) are the countries with highest species diversity. A classification is proposed grouping the species into three subgenera ( Saxicolella, Butumia (G.Taylor) Cheek comb. et stat. nov. and Kinkonia Cheek subgen. nov.) based on root morphology and shoot position and morphology. The discovery, morphology, circumscription, distribution and ecology of Saxicolella is reviewed, an identification key to the species is presented, together with descriptions, synonymy and links to illustrations. All of the species are provisionally assessed as either Endangered or Critically Endangered using the IUCN 2012 Red List Criteria. The major threats, above all, are hydro-electric projects. Saxicolella deniseae may already be globally extinct, and two of the four known locations of S. angola appear lost, S. sp. A of Gabon is threatened at at least one of its three locations, while S. futa is threatened at all three locations. Contamination of watercourses by increased turbidity from silt-load due to anthropic changes and by eutrophication from pollution are also threats for the majority of the species.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors used both targeted capture sequencing and shallow whole genome sequencing to produce data and to perform phylogenomic analyses of 75 single-copy genes from 19 species and a wider 5-locus analysis of 245 species, from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Abstract: Abstract Family Cortinariaceae currently includes only one genus, Cortinarius , which is the largest Agaricales genus, with thousands of species worldwide. The species are important ectomycorrhizal fungi and form associations with many vascular plant genera from tropicals to arctic regions. Genus Cortinarius contains a lot of morphological variation, and its complexity has led many taxonomists to specialize in particular on infrageneric groups. The previous attempts to divide Cortinarius have been shown to be unnatural and the phylogenetic studies done to date have not been able to resolve the higher-level classification of the group above section level. Genomic approaches have revolutionized our view on fungal relationships and provide a way to tackle difficult groups. We used both targeted capture sequencing and shallow whole genome sequencing to produce data and to perform phylogenomic analyses of 75 single-copy genes from 19 species. In addition, a wider 5-locus analysis of 245 species, from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, was also done. Based on our results, a classification of the family Cortinariaceae into ten genera— Cortinarius, Phlegmacium, Thaxterogaster, Calonarius, Aureonarius, Cystinarius, Volvanarius, Hygronarius, Mystinarius, and Austrocortinarius —is proposed. Seven genera, 10 subgenera, and four sections are described as new to science and five subgenera are introduced as new combinations in a new rank. In addition, 41 section names and 514 species names are combined in new genera and four lecto- and epitypes designated. The position of Stephanopus in suborder Agaricineae remains to be studied. Targeted capture sequencing is used for the first time in fungal taxonomy in Basidiomycetes. It provides a cost-efficient way to produce -omics data in species-rich groups. The -omics data was produced from fungarium specimens up to 21 years old, demonstrating the value of museum specimens in the study of the fungal tree of life. This study is the first family revision in Agaricales based on genomics data and hopefully many others will soon follow.
TL;DR: For the first time, Wu et al. as mentioned in this paper systematically studied the phylogeny and evolution of Epimedium based on plastid genome (plastome) data for better understanding this enigmatic genus.
TL;DR: Ferreira et al. as discussed by the authors proposed that the relatively young age of the studied fossils combined with the stable conditions in the forest floor of the Greater Antilles through the last tens of million years could explain the exceptionally conserved morphology in the net-winged beetles affected by the paedomorphic syndrome.
Abstract: Abstract Paedomorphosis is a heterochronic syndrome in which adult individuals display features of their immature forms. In beetles, this phenomenon occurs widely in the superfamily Elateroidea, including the net-winged beetles (Lycidae), and, due to the usual flightlessness of paedomorphic females, it is hypothesized to cause speciation rates higher than in non-paedomorphic lineages. However, some fossils of paedomorphic lycids do not support this with palaeobiological data. Discovery of new Lycidae fossils attributed to the West Indian extant paedomorphic genus Cessator Kazantsev in the Dominican amber also suggests morphological stasis within this genus in the Greater Antilles. We describe Cessator anachronicus Ferreira and Ivie, sp. nov. based on adult males, as well as the first ever recorded fossil net-winged beetle larva of the same genus. We propose that the relatively young age of the studied fossils combined with the stable conditions in the forest floor of the Greater Antilles through the last tens of million years could explain the exceptionally conserved morphology in the net-winged beetles affected by the paedomorphic syndrome.
TL;DR: Gyrosphragma latipetala sp. nov as mentioned in this paper was found to possess a unique morphology including spurless, weakly actinomorphic floral tubes, two red petals, a stipitate ovary and irregularly circumscissile dehiscence of a thickened capsule, characters typically applied to taxon recognition at the generic level.
TL;DR: This review focused on the medicinal aspects of the Mimosa species and may provide a comprehensive understanding of the prospective of this genus as a foundation of medicine, supplement and nourishment.
Abstract: The genus Mimosa belongs to the Fabaceae family and comprises almost 400 species of herbs, shrubs and ornamental trees. The genus Mimosa is found all over the tropics and subtropics of Asia, Africa, South America, North America and Australia. Traditionally, this genus has been popular for the treatment of jaundice, diarrhea, fever, toothache, wound healing, asthma, leprosy, vaginal and urinary complaints, skin diseases, piles, gastrointestinal disorders, small pox, hepatitis, tumor, HIV, ulcers and ringworm. The review covered literature available from 1959 to 2020 collected from books, scientific journals and electronic searches, such as Science Direct, Web of Science and Google scholar. Various keywords, such as Mimosa, secondary metabolites, medicines, phytochemicals and pharmacological values, were used for the data search. The Mimosa species are acknowledged to be an essential source of secondary metabolites with a wide-ranging biological functions, and up until now, 145 compounds have been isolated from this genus. Pharmacological studies showed that isolated compounds possess significant potential, such as antiprotozoal, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, and antiproliferative as well as cytotoxic activities. Alkaloids, chalcones, flavonoids, indoles, terpenes, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, amino acids, glycosides, flavanols, phenols, lignoids, polysaccharides, lignins, salts and fatty esters have been isolated from this genus. This review focused on the medicinal aspects of the Mimosa species and may provide a comprehensive understanding of the prospective of this genus as a foundation of medicine, supplement and nourishment. The plants of this genus could be a potential source of medicines in the near future.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors used both targeted capture sequencing and shallow whole genome sequencing to produce data and to perform phylogenomic analyses of 75 single-copy genes from 19 species and a wider 5-locus analysis of 245 species, from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Abstract: Abstract Family Cortinariaceae currently includes only one genus, Cortinarius , which is the largest Agaricales genus, with thousands of species worldwide. The species are important ectomycorrhizal fungi and form associations with many vascular plant genera from tropicals to arctic regions. Genus Cortinarius contains a lot of morphological variation, and its complexity has led many taxonomists to specialize in particular on infrageneric groups. The previous attempts to divide Cortinarius have been shown to be unnatural and the phylogenetic studies done to date have not been able to resolve the higher-level classification of the group above section level. Genomic approaches have revolutionized our view on fungal relationships and provide a way to tackle difficult groups. We used both targeted capture sequencing and shallow whole genome sequencing to produce data and to perform phylogenomic analyses of 75 single-copy genes from 19 species. In addition, a wider 5-locus analysis of 245 species, from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, was also done. Based on our results, a classification of the family Cortinariaceae into ten genera— Cortinarius, Phlegmacium, Thaxterogaster, Calonarius, Aureonarius, Cystinarius, Volvanarius, Hygronarius, Mystinarius, and Austrocortinarius —is proposed. Seven genera, 10 subgenera, and four sections are described as new to science and five subgenera are introduced as new combinations in a new rank. In addition, 41 section names and 514 species names are combined in new genera and four lecto- and epitypes designated. The position of Stephanopus in suborder Agaricineae remains to be studied. Targeted capture sequencing is used for the first time in fungal taxonomy in Basidiomycetes. It provides a cost-efficient way to produce -omics data in species-rich groups. The -omics data was produced from fungarium specimens up to 21 years old, demonstrating the value of museum specimens in the study of the fungal tree of life. This study is the first family revision in Agaricales based on genomics data and hopefully many others will soon follow.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors reviewed the chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, applications and safety evaluations of Rosa plants, which provides a reference for the comprehensive utilization of medicine and food resources and gives a scientific basis for the development of medicinal plants of the genus Rosa.
TL;DR: An alphabetically-arranged list of all species-group names ever proposed or used in the genus Sceloporus is presented, with citations of the original proposal, onomatophore, type locality, English standard names, current status, combination priority, group assignment, and etymology.
Abstract: An alphabetically-arranged list of all (196) species-group names ever proposed or used in the genus Sceloporus is presented, with citations of the original proposal, onomatophore, type locality, English standardnames, current status, combination priority, group assignment, and etymology. Twenty-three species groups, 91 species (66 monotypic) and 153 species- group names are recognized as valid.
TL;DR: The genome-based criteria for classification of Desulfovibrionaceae were established and validated and it was confirmed that most strains display metal tolerance and five strains have the potential to be newly classified.
Abstract: Bacteria in the Desulfovibrionaceae family, which contribute to S element turnover as sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and disproportionation of partially oxidized sulfoxy anions, have been extensively investigated since the importance of the sulfur cycle emerged. Novel species belonging to this taxon are frequently reported, because they exist in various environments and are easy to culture using established methods. Due to the rapid expansion of the taxon, correction and reclassification have been conducted. The development of high-throughput sequencing facilitated rapid expansion of genome sequence database. Genome-based criteria, based on these databases, proved to be potential classification standard by overcoming the limitations of 16S rRNA-based phylogeny. Although standards methods for taxogenomics are being established, the addition of a novel genus requires extensive calculations with taxa, including many species, such as Desulfovibrionaceae. Thus, the genome-based criteria for classification of Desulfovibrionaceae were established and validated in this study. The average amino-acid identity (AAI) cut-off value, 63.43 ± 0.01, was calculated to be an appropriate criterion for genus delineation of the family Desulfovibrionaceae. By applying the AAI cut-off value, 88 genomes of the Desulfovibrionaceae were divided into 27 genera, which follows the core gene phylogeny results. In this process, two novel genera (Alkalidesulfovibrio and Salidesulfovibrio) and one former invalid genus (“Psychrodesulfovibrio”) were officially proposed. Further, by applying the 95–96% average nucleotide identity (ANI) standard and the 70% digital DNA–DNA hybridization standard values for species delineation of strains that were classified as the same species, five strains have the potential to be newly classified. After verifying that the classification was appropriately performed through relative synonymous codon usage analysis, common characteristics were listed by group. In addition, by detecting metal resistance related genes via in silico analysis, it was confirmed that most strains display metal tolerance.
TL;DR: While 1-3 showed no appreciable antimicrobial activity or cytotoxicity, root elongation of germinated lettuce seeds was promoted by 2 and 3 at 1-10 μM.
Abstract: Catellatolactams A-C (1-3), three novel ansamacrolactams, were isolated from the culture extract of an underexplored rare actinomycete of the genus Catellatospora. Spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses by NMR and MS elucidated the structure of 1 to be a lactamized pentaketide presumably extended on a 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid starter unit. Compounds 2 and 3 further received epoxidation and intramolecular cross-linking to incorporate a 2-indolinone unit, with a 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid pendant on 3. The absolute configurations of 2 and 3 were unequivocally established to both be 2S,6R,7R by comparison of the experimental NMR chemical shifts and ECD spectra with those predicted by DFT-based quantum chemical calculation. While 1-3 showed no appreciable antimicrobial activity or cytotoxicity, root elongation of germinated lettuce seeds was promoted by 2 and 3 at 1-10 μM.
TL;DR: It is found that the crown Lasiini originated around the end of the Cretaceous on the Eurasian continent and is divisible into four morphologically distinct clades: Cladomyrma, the Lasius genus group, the Prenolepis genusgroup, and a previously undetected lineage the authors name Metalasius gen.nov.
Abstract: Within the Formicidae, the higher classification of nearly all subfamilies has been recently revised given the findings of molecular phylogenetics. Here, we integrate morphology and molecular data to holistically address the evolution, classification, and identification of the ant genus Lasius, its tribe Lasiini, and their subfamily Formicinae. We find that the crown Lasiini originated around the end of the Cretaceous on the Eurasian continent and is divisible into four morphologically distinct clades: Cladomyrma, the Lasius genus group, the Prenolepis genus group, and a previously undetected lineage we name Metalasius gen.nov., with one extant species M. myrmidon comb. nov. and one fossil species, †M. pumilus comb. nov. The crown of the Lasius genus group is considerably younger than that of the Prenolepis genus group, indicating that extinction has played a major role in the evolution of the former clade. Lasius itself is divided into two well‐supported monophyletic groups, which are approximately equally speciose. We present evidence that temporary social parasitism and fungiculture arose twice independently in Lasius. In addition, we recover the paraphyly of three Lasius subgenera and propose replacing all subgenera with an informal species group classification: Lasius = Acanthomyops syn.rev., = Austrolasius syn.nov., = Cautolasius syn.nov., = Chthonolasius syn.nov., = Dendrolasius syn.nov. Total‐evidence analysis reveals that the Baltic‐region amber fossil species †Lasius pumilus and †Pseudolasius boreus are misplaced to genus; we, therefore, create Sussuido gen. nov. to accomodate †S. boreus comb. nov. and transfer †L. pumilus to Metalasius. Further, we transfer †Sussudio and †Glaphyromyrmex out of the Lasiini, considering the former to be incertae sedis in the subfamily, and the latter a member of the Formicini (tribal transfer). Two final taxonomic actions are deemed necessary: synonymy of Lasius escamole with Liometopum apiculatum syn.nov. (subfamilial transfer), and transfer of Paratrechina kohli to Anoplolepis (tribal transfer, forming A. kohli comb.nov.).