Genus

About: Genus is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 68921 publications have been published within this topic receiving 590966 citations. The topic is also known as: monospecies genus & genus (zoology).

Proposed minimal standards for the description of genera, species and subspecies of the Pasteurellaceae.

Abstract: Principles and guidelines are presented to ensure a solid scientific standard of papers dealing with the taxonomy of taxa of Pasteurellaceae Pohl 1981. The classification of the Pasteurellaceae is in principle based on a polyphasic approach. DNA sequencing of certain genes is very important for defining the borders of a taxon. However, the characteristics that are common to all members of the taxon and which might be helpful for separating it from related taxa must also be identified. Descriptions have to be based on as many strains as possible (inclusion of at least five strains is highly desirable), representing different sources with respect to geography and ecology, to allow proper characterization both phenotypically and genotypically, to establish the extent of diversity of the cluster to be named. A genus must be monophyletic based on 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis. Only in very rare cases is it acceptable that monophyly can not be achieved by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison. Recently, the monophyly of genera has been confirmed by sequence comparison of housekeeping genes. In principle, a new genus should be recognized by a distinct phenotype, and characters that separate the new genus from its neighbours should be given clearly. Due to the overall importance of accurate classification of species, at least two genotypic methods are needed to show coherence and for separation at the species level. The main criterion for the classification of a novel species is that it forms a monophyletic group based on 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis. However, some groups might also include closely related species. In these cases, more sensitive tools for genetic recognition of species should be applied, such as DNA-DNA hybridizations. The comparison of housekeeping gene sequences has recently been used for genotypic definition of species. In order to separate species, phenotypic characters must also be identified to recognize them, and at least two phenotypic differences from existing species should be identified if possible. We recommend the use of the subspecies category only for subgroups associated with disease or similar biological characteristics. At the subspecies level, the genotypic groups must always be nested within the boundaries of an existing species. Phenotypic cohesion must be documented at the subspecies level and separation between subspecies and related species must be fully documented, as well as association with particular disease and host. An overview of methods previously used to characterize isolates of the Pasteurellaceae has been given. Genotypic and phenotypic methods are separated in relation to tests for investigating diversity and cohesion and to separate taxa at the level of genus as well as species and subspecies.

Terebrantia (Insecta: Thysanoptera).

Abstract: Fifty-one species of Terebrantia in 26 genera are recorded from the New Zealand region, including the following new taxa: Adelphithrips dolus new species; Anaphrygmothrips otagoensis new genus and species; Dikrothrips diphyes new genus and species; Karphothrips dugdalei new genus and species; Lomatothrips paryphis new genus and species; and Scirtothrips pan new species Faunal relationships are discussed in the light of evidence for wind dispersal from Australia and introductions by man Fifteen species are considered to have been introduced from Europe, 6 from the Old World tropics, 4 from the New World, and at least 7 from Australia Of the 19 species known only from New Zealand, 6 show some relationship to the Australian fauna and 1 to that of New Caledonia Adelphithrips with 3 species, a species-group of Thrips comprising 4 species, a subantarctic genus of 2 species, and 3 monobasic genera constitute the endemic fauna Adelphithzips is regarded as the sister-group of the world-wide Thrips genus-group Pseudanaphothrips from New Zealand and south-eastern Australia is regarded as the sister-group of the world-wide Frankliniella genus-group The text include notes on distribution, habitat, host plants, and life history for each species, and discusses pest species, technical methods, phylogeny, and morphology An illustrated key to taxa is given, and the descriptions are supported by some 270 line drawings An extensive bibliography introduces the taxonomy and boiology of Thysanoptera in New Zealand and world-wide Checklist of taxa Valid generic and specific names are in bold italic type Synonomous generic and specific names immediately follow valid names, and are in italic type Family MEROTHRIPIDAE Genus Merothrips Hood, 1912 brunneus Ward, 1969 floridensis Watson, 1927 zondagi Ward, 1969 Family AEOLOTHRIPIDAE Genus Aeolothrips Haliday, 1836 fasciatus (Linnaeus, 1758) me1aleucus Haliday, 1852 Genus Desmidothrips Mound, 1977 walkerae Mound, 1977 Family THRIPIDAE Subfamily PANCHAETOTHRIPINAE Genus Heliothrips Haliday, 1836 haemorrhoidalis (Bouche, 1833) Genus Hercinothrips Bagnall, 1932 bicinctus (Bagnall, 1919) femoralis (Reuter, 1891) Genus Parthenothrips Uzel, 1895 dracaenae (Heeger, 1854) Genus Sigmothrips Ward, 1970 aotearoana Ward, 1970 Subfamily THRIPINAE Tribe Dendrothripini Tribe Sericothripini Genus Scirtothrips Shull, 1909 inermis Priesner, 1933 pan new species Tribe Chirothripini Genus Chirothrips Haliday, 1836 manicatus (Haliday, 1836) pallidicornis of NZ authors Genus Limothrips Haliday, 1836 cerealium (Haliday, 1836) Tribe Thripini Subtribe Aptinothripina Genus Anaphothrips Uzel, 1895 dubius (Girault, 1926) spilleri Crawford, 1943 obscurus (Mūller, 1776) varii Moulton, 1935 woodi Pitkin, 1978 zelandicus Mound, 1978 Anaphrygmothrips new genus otagensis new species Genus Apterothrips Bagnall, 1908 secticornis (Trybom, 1896) Genus Aptinothrips Haliday, 1836 rufus (Haliday, 1836) stylifer Trybom, 1894 Karphothrips new genus dugdalei new species Genus Physemothrips Stannard, 1962 chrysodermus Stannard, 1962 hadrus Mound, 1978 Subtribe Thripina Genus Adelphithrips Mound & Palmer, 1980 cassiniae Mound & Palmer, 1980 dolus new species nothofagi Mound & Palmer, 1980 Genus Ceratothrips Reuter, 1899 ericae (Haliday, 1836) frici (Uzel, 1895) Genus Dichromothrips Priesner, 1932 maori Mound, 1976 Dikrothrips new genus diphyes new species Genus Frankliniella Karny, 1910 occidentalis (Pergande, 1895) Lomatothrips new genus paryphis new species Genus Megalurothrips Bagnall, 1915 kellyanus (Bagnall, 1926) Genus Microcephalothrips Bagnall, 1926 abdominalis (Crawford, 1910) Genus Pseudanaphothrips Karny, 1921 achaetus (Bagnall, 1916) annettae Mound & Palmer, 1980 Genus Thrips Linnaeus, 1758 austellus Mound, 1978 australis (Bagnall, 1915) coprosmae Mound, 1978 hawaiiensis (Morgan, 1913) imaginis Bagnall, 1926 nigropilosus Uzel, 1895 obscuratus (Crawford, 1941) phormiicola Mound, 1978 physapus Linnaeus, 1758 simplex (Morison, 1930) tabaci Lindeman, 1888 vulgatissimus Haliday, 1836

(1584) Proposal to conserve the name Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) with a conserved type

Abstract: In its traditional circumscription, Acacia with 1352 species is the second largest genus in the family Leguminosae. This circumscription has been relatively stable since the mid-19th century, following a series of papers by Bentham (see, e.g., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 335-664. 1875). In 1986, Pedley (in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 92: 219-254) proposed, using a combination of morphological, palynological and biochemical characters, that Acacia be divided into three genera, namely, Acacia (161 species), Senegalia (231 species; syn. Acacia subg. Aculeiferum) and Racosperma (960 species; syn. Acacia subg. Phyllodineae). The present type of Acacia is generally considered to be A. scorpioides (L.) W. F. Wight selected by Britton & Brown (Ill. Fl. N. U.S., ed. 2,2: 330. 1913-as "Mimosa scorpioides L.") (cf. Index Nominum Genericorum http://rathbun. si.edu/botany/ing/ingForm.cfm), and endorsed by Abrams (Ill. Fl. Pacific States 2: 475. 1944) and Pedley (in Austrobaileya 1: 81. 1978) . No attempt to supersede this choice (cf. Art. 10 Ex. 7 of the ICBN, Greuter & al., Regnum Veg. 138. 2000) appears to have been made, although Britton & Rose (N. Amer. Fl. 23: 85. 1928) and Ross (in Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa 44: 22. 1979) both cite A. nilotica (L.) Delile (/ Mimosa nilotica L.) as type. Almost certainly this merely reflects the pre-1981 rule that a generitype was "a species" and not the modem "type of the name of a species", as A. scorpioides has been treated as a synonym of A. nilotica ever since 1762, when Linnaeus (Sp. P1. ed. 2: 1506) united the two species (still under Mimosa). The issue is not, however, critical to this paper, as, although heterotypic, both names are still referred today to the same taxon, currently known as A. nilotica, which belongs to the smallest of the above-mentioned genera. In consequence, acceptance of Pedley's classification would necessitate a very large number of changes to current nomenclature: around 1200 Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Western

Revisiting the Taxonomy of the Genus Arcobacter: Getting Order From the Chaos.

Abstract: Since the description of the genus Arcobacter in 1991, a total of 27 species have been described, although some species have shown 16S rRNA similarities below 95%, which is the cut-off that usually separates species that belong to different genera The objective of the present study was to reassess the taxonomy of the genus Arcobacter using information derived from the core genome (286 genes), a Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) with 13 housekeeping genes, as well as different genomic indexes like Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI), in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH), Average Amino-acid Identity (AAI), Percentage of Conserved Proteins (POCPs), and Relative Synonymous Codon Usage (RSCU) The study included a total of 39 strains that represent all the 27 species included in the genus Arcobacter together with 13 strains that are potentially new species, and the analysis of 57 genomes The different phylogenetic analyses showed that the Arcobacter species grouped into four clusters In addition, A lekithochrous and the candidatus species 'A aquaticus' appeared, as did A nitrofigilis, the type species of the genus, in separate branches Furthermore, the genomic indices ANI and isDDH not only confirmed that all the species were well-defined, but also the coherence of the clusters The AAI and POCP values showed intra-cluster ranges above the respective cut-off values of 60% and 50% described for species belonging to the same genus Phenotypic analysis showed that certain test combinations could allow the differentiation of the four clusters and the three orphan species established by the phylogenetic and genomic analyses The origin of the strains showed that each of the clusters embraced species recovered from a common or related environment The results obtained enable the division of the current genus Arcobacter in at least seven different genera, for which the names Arcobacter, Aliiarcobacter gen nov, Pseudoarcobacter gen nov, Haloarcobacter gen nov, Malacobacter gen nov, Poseidonibacter gen nov, and Candidate 'Arcomarinus' gen nov are proposed