Geographic information system

About: Geographic information system is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 25608 publications have been published within this topic receiving 432866 citations. The topic is also known as: GIS & geographic information systems.

Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective

Abstract: For junior/graduate-level courses in Remote Sensing in Geography, Geology, Forestry, and Biology. Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective focuses on digital image processing of aircraft- and satellite-derived, remotely sensed data for Earth resource management applications. Extensively illustrated, it explains how to extract biophysical information from remote sensor data for almost all multidisciplinary land-based environmental projects. Part of the Pearson Series Geographic Information Science. Now in full color, the Fourth Edition provides up-to-date information on analytical methods used to analyze digital remote sensing data. Each chapter contains a substantive reference list that can be used by students and scientists as a starting place for their digital image processing project or research. A new appendix provides sources of imagery and other geospatial information.

Principles of geographical information systems

Abstract: 1. Geographical Information: Society, Science, and Systems 2. Data models and axioms: Formal abstractions of reality 3. Geographical Data in the Computer 4. Data input, verification, storage and output 5. Creating continuous surfaces from point data 6. Optimal interpolation using geostatistics 7. The analysis of discrete entities in space 8. Spatial analysis using continuous fields 9. Errors and quality control 10. Error propagation in numerical modelling 11. Fuzzy sets and fuzzy geographical objects 12. Current issues and trends in GIS APPENDIX 1 GLOSSARY OF TERMS APPENDIX 2 A SELECTION OF WORLD WIDE WEB GEOGRAPHY AND GIS SERVERS APPENDIX 3 EXAMPLE DATA SETS

Object based image analysis for remote sensing

Abstract: Remote sensing imagery needs to be converted into tangible information which can be utilised in conjunction with other data sets, often within widely used Geographic Information Systems (GIS). As long as pixel sizes remained typically coarser than, or at the best, similar in size to the objects of interest, emphasis was placed on per-pixel analysis, or even sub-pixel analysis for this conversion, but with increasing spatial resolutions alternative paths have been followed, aimed at deriving objects that are made up of several pixels. This paper gives an overview of the development of object based methods, which aim to delineate readily usable objects from imagery while at the same time combining image processing and GIS functionalities in order to utilize spectral and contextual information in an integrative way. The most common approach used for building objects is image segmentation, which dates back to the 1970s. Around the year 2000 GIS and image processing started to grow together rapidly through object based image analysis (OBIA - or GEOBIA for geospatial object based image analysis). In contrast to typical Landsat resolutions, high resolution images support several scales within their images. Through a comprehensive literature review several thousand abstracts have been screened, and more than 820 OBIA-related articles comprising 145 journal papers, 84 book chapters and nearly 600 conference papers, are analysed in detail. It becomes evident that the first years of the OBIA/GEOBIA developments were characterised by the dominance of ‘grey’ literature, but that the number of peer-reviewed journal articles has increased sharply over the last four to five years. The pixel paradigm is beginning to show cracks and the OBIA methods are making considerable progress towards a spatially explicit information extraction workflow, such as is required for spatial planning as well as for many monitoring programmes.

Digital terrain modelling: A review of hydrological, geomorphological, and biological applications

Abstract: The topography of a catchment has a major impact on the hydrological, geomorphological. and biological processes active in the landscape. The spatial distribution of topographic attributes can often be used as an indirect measure of the spatial variability of these processes and allows them to be mapped using relatively simple techniques. Many geographic information systems are being developed that store topographic information as the primary data for analysing water resource and biological problems. Furthermore, topography can be used to develop more physically realistic structures for hydrologic and water quality models that directly account for the impact of topography on the hydrology. Digital elevation models are the primary data used in the analysis of catchment topography. We describe elevation data sources, digital elevation model structures, and the analysis of digital elevation data for hydrological, geomorphological, and biological applications. Some hydrologic models that make use of digital representations of topography are also considered.

Principles of Geographical Information Systems for Land Resources Assessment

Abstract: Geographical information systems Data structures for thematic maps Digital elevation models Data input, verification, storage, and output Methods of data analysis and spatial modelling Data quality, errors, and natural variation: sources of error Errors arising through processing The nature of boundaries Classification methods Methods of spatial interpolation Choosing a geographical information system Appendices Index.