Topic
Geosynchronous orbit
About: Geosynchronous orbit is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2732 publications have been published within this topic receiving 30294 citations.
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TL;DR: The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) was launched on 11 February 2010 at 15:23 UT from Kennedy Space Center aboard an Atlas V 401 (AV-021) launch vehicle as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) was launched on 11 February 2010 at 15:23 UT from Kennedy Space Center aboard an Atlas V 401 (AV-021) launch vehicle. A series of apogee-motor firings lifted SDO from an initial geosynchronous transfer orbit into a circular geosynchronous orbit inclined by 28° about the longitude of the SDO-dedicated ground station in New Mexico. SDO began returning science data on 1 May 2010. SDO is the first space-weather mission in NASA’s Living With a Star (LWS) Program. SDO’s main goal is to understand, driving toward a predictive capability, those solar variations that influence life on Earth and humanity’s technological systems. The SDO science investigations will determine how the Sun’s magnetic field is generated and structured, how this stored magnetic energy is released into the heliosphere and geospace as the solar wind, energetic particles, and variations in the solar irradiance. Insights gained from SDO investigations will also lead to an increased understanding of the role that solar variability plays in changes in Earth’s atmospheric chemistry and climate. The SDO mission includes three scientific investigations (the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE), and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI)), a spacecraft bus, and a dedicated ground station to handle the telemetry. The Goddard Space Flight Center built and will operate the spacecraft during its planned five-year mission life; this includes: commanding the spacecraft, receiving the science data, and forwarding that data to the science teams. The science investigations teams at Stanford University, Lockheed Martin Solar Astrophysics Laboratory (LMSAL), and University of Colorado Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) will process, analyze, distribute, and archive the science data. We will describe the building of SDO and the science that it will provide to NASA.
3,043 citations
TL;DR: The Fengyun-4 (FY-4) series of geostationary meteorological satellites as discussed by the authors was developed to monitor rapidly changing weather systems and to improve warning and forecasting capabilities.
Abstract: China is developing a new generation of geostationary meteorological satellites called Fengyun-4 (FY-4), which is planned for launch beginning in 2016. Following upon the current FY-2 satellite series, FY-4 will carry four new instruments: the Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager (AGRI), the Geosynchronous Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS), the Lightning Mapping Imager (LMI), and the Space Environment Package (SEP). The first satellite of the FY-4 series launched on 11 December 2016 is experimental, and the following four or more satellites will be operational.The main objectives of the FY-4 series are to monitor rapidly changing weather systems and to improve warning and forecasting capabilities. The FY-4 measurements are aimed at accomplishing 1) high temporal and spatial resolution imaging in 14 spectral bands from the visible, near-infrared, and infrared (IR) spectral regions; 2) lightning imaging; and 3) high-spectral-resolution IR sounding observations over China and adjacent regi...
410 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the synchronous orbit particle analyzer (SOPA) was used to identify 2-to 50-MeV ions of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, neon, magnesium, silicon, sulphur, and iron at geosynchronous orbit.
Abstract: Comparatively high levels of 2- to 50-MeV ions of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, neon, magnesium, silicon, sulphur, and iron have been identified at geosynchronous orbit by the synchronous orbit particle analyzer, the “SOPA” detector, on board the satellite 1989-046, which became operational in September 1989. This detector is described, and time histories of some of the above mentioned ions are given for the solar energetic particle event series of late October 1989.
264 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a method is described for estimating the mean monthly rainfall data for climate studies by combining the geosynchronous IR and low-orbit microwave data, which uses the brightness temperature at 37 and 86 GHz from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager instrument on board the DMSP satellite to define raining areas over water and land, and the 86-GHz scattering signal to assign rain rate based on cloud model-microwave calculations.
Abstract: A method is described for estimating the mean monthly rainfall data for climate studies by combining the geosynchronous IR and low-orbit microwave data. The microwave technique uses the brightness temperature at 37 and 86 GHz from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager instrument on board the DMSP satellite to define raining areas over water and land, and the 86-GHz scattering signal to assign rain rate based on cloud model-microwave calculations. The IR estimates are initially computed separately, using hourly data from the Japanese Geostationary Meteorological Satellite. Results show that, in areas where the microwave technique performs well, the combined microwave-IR monthly total estimates have better error statistics than either the microwave of the IR techniques individually.
238 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors apply a recently developed statistical technique to produce an hourly time series of relativistic electron conditions at local noon along geosynchronous orbit using several geOSynchronous monitors.
Abstract: Relativistic electrons appear in the geosynchronous environment following some, but not all, geomagnetic storms. The ability to identify which storms produce these electrons would bring us much closer to explaining the mechanism responsible for their appearance, and it would provide the space weather community with a means to anticipate the electron hazard to geosynchronous spacecraft. We apply a recently developed statistical technique to produce an hourly time series of relativistic electron conditions at local noon along geosynchronous orbit using several geosynchronous monitors. We use a cross-correlation analysis to determine what parameters in the solar wind and magnetosphere might influence the flux of relativistic electrons. We then perform a superposed epoch analysis to compare storms with and storms without the appearance of these electrons. We investigate a number of solar wind and magnetospheric parameters for these two sets of storms at 1-hour resolution. In particular, sustained solar wind velocity in excess of 450 km s−1 is a strong external indicator of the subsequent appearance of relativistic electrons. In the magnetosphere, long-duration elevated Pc 5 ULF wave power during the recovery phase of magnetic storms appears to discriminate best between those storms that do and do not produce relativistic electrons.
221 citations