Showing papers on "Globalization published in 1978"

The Evolution of the International Economic Order

Abstract: Do rich industrial nations underestimate the threat to their economic stability posed by demands for a new international economic order? Are the developing countries wrong to assume that their economic advancement depends on a transfer of wealth from the richer nations? Sir W. Arthur Lewis's provocative analysis of the present economic order and its origins suggests that the answer to both questions is yes.Professor Lewis perceptively illuminates aspects of recent economic history that have often been overlooked by observers of international affairs. He asks first how the world came to be divided into countries exporting manufactures and countries exporting primary commodities. High agricultural productivity and a good investment climate allowed countries in Northwest Europe to industrialize rapidly, while the favorable terms of trade they enjoyed assured them and the temperate lands to which Europeans migrated of continuing dominance over the tropical countries. At the core of the author's argument lies the contention that as the structure of international trade changes, the tropical countries move rapidly toward becoming net importers of agricultural commodities and net exporters of manufactures. Even so, they continue to depend on the markets of the richer countries for their growth, and they continue to trade on unfavorable terms. Both of these disadvantages, he concludes, stem from large agricultural sectors with low productivity and will disappear only as the technology of tropical food production is revolutionized.Originally published in 1978.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Corporate Planning Practices in Japanese Multinational

Abstract: Corporate planning practices in 19 Japanese multinationals are examined in terms of a set of theoretical premises for corporate planning. Deviations of the existing practices from the premises are ...

The foreign exchange gap, growth and industrial strategy in Turkey : 1973-1983

Abstract: This study is an examination of the interaction between trade, trade policy and growth in the Turkish economy. The analysis relies to a great extent on a multi-sector general equilibrium growth model of the economy. The model focuses on trade and industry and attempts to capture the basic mechanisms that link economic performance and structure to trade policy in the medium run. The time period covered is 1973 to 1983 with first an evaluation of the past five years (1973-1977) and then an analysis of future prospects and alternatives (1978-1983). The study was undertaken during the first half of 1978, by the authors, who work in the World Bank's Economics of Industry Division.

International Trade And Foreign Diplomacy In Early Medieval South India

Abstract: This chapter examines the interaction between the entrepot of the intermediate region, the domain of the south Indian Cola state, and international maritime trade during the tenth through the twelfth centuries A.D. Past research on the international trade of Asia has relied heavily upon the historical sources of China and the West, sources which suggest economic interaction but which are in general vague lists of geographical landmarks and ports encountered while on voyages, and has thus itself been vague in its treatment of international trade, the trade's organization, and the trade's relationship to the indigenous societies with which the trade came into contact. The chapter reexamines these foreign sources, to substantiate them through the examination of contemporary indigenous sources, and attempts a reconstruction of Asian maritime trade and its role within one sector of Asian society. Keywords: Asian maritime trade; Asian society; economic interaction; foreign sources; international maritime trade; international trade; south Indian Cola state; trade organization

Towards a New International Economic Order.

Abstract: The Seventh Special Session of the United NationsGeneralAssembly meeting over the first two weeks of this month (when this issue went to press) can prove momentous for every single nation and par ticnlarly for those of the Third World. How far can the Programme of Action for bringing about a New International Economic Order be imple­ mented is the crucial question that will be answered at this Special Session. A clearer understanding of the events and pressures that have led to this meeting should help to place this Session in its true perspective.

Determinants of the Commodity Composition of U.S. Trade: A Discriminant Analysis Approach

Abstract: Using trade and industry data disaggregated to the four-digit S.I.C. level, the paper analyzes various hypotheses related to directions of U.S. international trade. The study concludes that capital intensity, skill intensity, and, to a lesser degree, economies of scale and industry structure are important determinants of trade patterns. Tariffs appear usually to be established against foreign industries that threaten domestic ones, but there exists limited evidence that tariffs can reverse expected directions of trade.

Africa and World Economy: Prospects for Real Economic Growth

Abstract: Crystal ball gazing is hardly the province of social scientists. The best one can do, in attempting to assess the prospects for real economic growth by the year 2000, is to examine the contradictory trends and struggles shaping the political economy of Africa and the world today, and suggest potential alternative outcomes. Even the possibilities are obscure. What is clear is that, despite over ten years of independence for over 40 African countries, the majority of African peoples still confront the overriding problem of poverty. Living on a continent endowed with extensive mineral agricultural resources, they still suffer from among the lowest per capita incomes and the highest mortality rates in the world.

East-West Trade and Economic Systems

Abstract: Trade between East and West is small. Commodity trade between socialist* and OECD countries in 1974 was only 3 per cent of world commodity trade. There are, I think, three main reasons for this. First, the two groups of countries are separated by profound political suspicions of one another. Second, their attempts to trade are hampered by differences of economic system. Third, the West is richer than the East, and the rich have a distressing preference for selling things to one another.

Steering in Crowded Waters

Abstract: Basic principles of international economics are reviewed and attention drawn to some commonalities among all countries regardless of political orientation or stage of development The worldwide economic slowdown has forced all countries to face the problem of shrinking of resources and expanding public demands for services at home and, at the same time, increased linkages abroad The special relationship of the US president and Congress complicates US foreign interaction The author discusses the gold standard, International Monetary Fund, international trade agreements, and foreign direct investment in terms of the need to adapt political institutions to the changing world economic picture

The Meaning of Underdevelopment: a Critique of Mainstream Theories of Development and Underdevelopment:

Abstract: *Dr Berberoglu is Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Nevada, Reno, Nev. In examining the literature on mainstream developmental theories for the past two decades we come across several theoretical variants of what might be called a single &dquo;developmentalist&dquo; position in the study of Third-World development.’ According to Manning Nash, a major spokesman of the developmentalist school, there are &dquo;only three modes of attacking the problem of social change and economic development&dquo;.2 These are: (1) the ideal typical index approach; (2) the diffusionist approach; and (3) the psychological approach. The first mode is ideal typical in that

Trade Union Internationalism and the Supra-National State:

Abstract: This note is a comment on an article in a previous issue It argues that international trade unionism is at bottom a product of workers and their aspirations; its development clearly involves responses to the internation-alisation of capital, among many other features of capitalist development, but it is not governed solely by this In actual fact, however, international trade unionism has been penetrated and moulded by US corporations and the CIA, through US union leaders, in order to make it a tool for breaking down barriers to the expansion of US multinationals

Challenge of Trade and a New International Economic Order

Abstract: The demands for a New International Economic Order, expressed at the Sixth Special Assembly of the General Assembly of the United Nations in May 1974, represent the culmination of years of attack on the international trading system. That system, embodied in the principles and rules of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the IMF, aims at progress towards free international trade. Since its inception at Bretton Woods in 1944, this system has seen enormous progress towards liberalisation of trade and finance, but progress has been concentrated on manufactured products mainly produced in the industrialised nations. No comparable progress has been made in either agricultural trade or trade in manufactures of special interest to developing countries.