Showing papers on "Globalization published in 1984"

Cross-cultural trade in world history

Abstract: A single theme is pursued in this book - the trade between peoples of differing cultures through world history. Extending from the ancient world to the coming of the commercial revolution, Professor Curtin's discussion encompasses a broad and diverse group of trading relationships. Drawing on insights from economic history and anthropology, Professor Curtin has attempted to move beyond a Europe-centred view of history, to one that can help us understand the entire range of societies in the human past. Examples have been chosen that illustrate the greatest variety of trading relationships between cultures. The opening chapters look at Africa, while subsequent chapters treat the ancient world, the Mediterranean trade with China, the Asian trade in the east, and European entry into the trade with maritime Asia, the Armenian trade carriers of the seventeenth century, and the North American fur trade. Wide-ranging in its concern and the fruit of exhaustive research, the book is nevertheless written so as to be accessible and stimulating to the specialist and the student alike.

Comparative Advantage and International Trade and Investment in Services

Abstract: The following sections are included:TRADE IN TRADE SERVICESSERVICES TRADE AS INTERNATIONAL FACTOR MOVEMENTSSERVICE TRADE WITH ABSENT FACTORSCase I: Services are management intensiveCase II: Services are labour intensiveCase III: Differences in technologySummary of the casesCONCLUSIONREFERENCES

Group counseling: A developmental approach

Abstract: Chapter 1. The Globalization of International Relations Chapter 2. Realist Theories Chapter 3. Liberal and Social Theories Chapter 4. Conflict, War, and Terrorism Chapter 5. Trade and Finances Chapter 6. International Organization, Law, and Human Rights Chapter 7. North-South Relations Chapter 8. Environment and Technology

Investments: An Introduction

Abstract: Gain a clear understanding of today's most important investment topics--from the fundamentals you need to prepare for the CFP exam to more advanced issues that will help you develop strong investment skills for today's business world. Mayo's INVESTMENTS: AN INTRODUCTION, 9e--the text of choice for the College of Financial Planning--minimizes the focus on math for a clear, user-friendly presentation. You'll learn to make sound investment decisions with this book's emphasis on the individual financial planner's perspective and the fresh, ongoing Financial Advisor's Investment Case that continues throughout each chapter. Internet assignments demonstrate how to use technology for actual investments, while expanded coverage of key topics such as stock valuation ratios, stock repurchases and dividend payments, and globalization of financial markets prepares you for tomorrow's investment challenges. A new CengageNOW online learning system with a personalized study plan helps you maximize study and earn the grade you want. The book's Thomson ONE -Business School Edition lets you access the same financial analysis tool used on Wall Street every day. Whether you are preparing for a career in finance or general business, INVESTMENTS, 9e, offers the engaging investment details that will further your success in this course and beyond."

The foreign policies of Arab states

Abstract: The first edition of this book was praised as "a milestone for present and future research on Arab and Third World foreign policies" (American Political Science Review), and "an indispensable aid for those studying or teaching the foreign policies of the contemporary Middle East" (International Journal of Middle East Studies). It has become a standard textbook in Middle East studies curricula all over the world. This third edition, now in paperback, with new material reflecting the earth-shaking events at the end of the Cold War and the continuation of violence and terrorism, examines foreign policies of nine Arab states in the context of globalization. The editors first establish an analytical framework for assessing foreign policy, which they and other contributors then apply chapter by chapter to Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Sudan, the United Arab Emirates, Algeria, and Iraq. Contributors: Moataz A. Fattah, Karen Abul Kheir, Ali E. Hillal Dessouki, Hazem Kandil, Bahgat Korany, Ann M. Lesch, Abdul-Monem Al-Mashat, Paul Noble, Jennifer Rosenblum, Bassel F. Salloukh, Mohamed Soffar. William Zartman. Foreign Policy Analysis in the Global Era and the World of the Arabs Bahgat Korany and Ali E. Hillal Dessouki Foreign Policy Approaches and Arab Countries: A Critical Evaluation and an Alternative Framework Bahgat Korany and Ali E. Hillal Dessouki Globalization and Arab Foreign Policies: Constraints or Marginalization? Ali E. Hillal Dessouki and Bahgat Korany From Arab System to Middle Eastern System: Regional Pressures and Constraints Paul Noble Regional leadership: Balancing off Costs and Dividends: Foreign Policy of Egypt Ali E. Hillal Dessouki Foreign Policy under Occupation: Does Iraq Need a Foreign Policy? Mohamed Soffar Does the Successor Make a Difference? The Foreign Policy of Jordan Ali E. Hillal Dessouki and Karen Abul Kheir The Art of the Impossible: The Foreign Policy of Lebanon Bassel F. Salloukh The Far West of the Near East: The Foreign Policy of Morocco Jennifer Rosenblum and William Zartman Irreconcilable Role-Partners? Saudi Foreign Policy between the Ulama and the U.S. Bahgat Korany and Moataz A. Fattah From Fragmentation to Fragmentation? Sudan's Foreign Policy Ann M. Lesch The Challenge of Restructuring: Syrian Foreign Policy Hazem Kandil Politics of Constructive Engagement: The Foreign Policy of the United Arab Emirates Abdul-Monem Al-Mashat Conclusion: Foreign Policy, Globalization and the Arab Dilemma of Change Bahgat Korany and Ali E. Hillal Dessouki

The Globalization of Advertising

Abstract: Four arguments in favour of the global standardization of a brand's advertising are analysed: that a single message worldwide strengthens a brand's image and its sales performance; that markets across the world are becoming more and more alike in their demand characteristics; that the marketing skills in a company's headquarters are under-utilized unless applied internationally; and that there are sufficiently significant economies of scale to justify globalization. The author challenges each of these arguments and suggests that it is only in very rare cases that there is any economic logic behind the drive for advertising standardization across the globe.

American political thought

Abstract: In the wake of a precedent-setting presidential election and in the midst of a deepening economic recession, Dolbeare and Cummings challenge students to examine and understand their own political beliefs in historical context. Just as the 2008 elections brought race, gender, and age to the fore, the U.S. government's response to the Wall Street collapse highlights class issues and suddenly makes socialism relevant again. Dolbeare and Cummings ask students to examine how the world today fits with the basic ideals of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, as well as with the accepted tenets of private and free enterprise, the rule of law, institutional checks and balances, and the people's right to revolt against oppression. Rooted firmly in the economic conditions of each era, the editors commentary highlights issues of class and the clash of economic interests, while utilizing three organizing themes to help students understand the readings: the social and historical foundations of American political thought, the key transformations in American political thought and practice, and the individual and collective political identity of Americans. Each reading helps students to examine and understand their own political beliefs in historical context. In addition to adding a few key contributions from earlier times, the editors look purposefully toward contemporary thought, selecting readings that reflect on renewed citizen engagement, political change, and the impact of economic crisis on our notions of globalization. Are we seeing the disintegration of the conservative alliance? Can progressive change happen in a bipartisan or non-partisan fashion? Linking the transformations we are now witnessing to the ideas of the founders in a completely new Part 7, students can see the relevance that words written more than 200 years ago have for today's political world.

Social Science: An Introduction to the Study of Society

Abstract: IN THIS SECTION: 1.) BRIEF 2.) COMPREHENSIVE BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS: Chapter 1 Social Science and Its Methods Chapter 2 Human Origins Chapter 3 Origins of Western Society Chapter 4 Society, Culture, and Cultural Change Chapter 5 Geography, Demography, Ecology, and Society Chapter 6 Technology and Society Chapter 7 The Individual, Society, and Culture Chapter 8 The Family Chapter 9 Religion Chapter 10 Education Chapter 11 Social and Economic Stratification Chapter 12 Stratification, Minorities and Discrimination Chapter 13 The Functions and Forms of Government Chapter 14 Democratic Government in the United States Chapter 15 Governments of the World Chapter 16 The Organization of Economic Activities Chapter 17 Government and the Economy Chapter 18 International Political Relations Chapter 19 International Economic Relations Chapter 20 The Political Economies of Developing Countries Chapter 21 International Institutions and the Search for Peace COMPREHENSIVE TABLE OF CONTENTS: Chapter 1 Social Science and Its Methods Social Science The Methods of Social Science Social Science and Society Conclusion Chapter 2 Human Origins The Origin of the Human Species The Evolution of Human Beings Conclusion Chapter 3 Origins of Western Society From the Stone Age to the Agricultural Age Early Civilizations The Middle Ages (A.D. 500-1453) The Renaissance The Development of Modern Economic and Political Institutions Conclusion Chapter 4 Society, Culture, and Cultural Change Culture and Multiculturism Culture and the Nature of Society Cultural Integration Culture, Society, and Social Change Social Change and Social Problems Contrasts Among Cultures Chapter 5 Geography, Demography, Ecology, and Society Geography Demography Ecology: The Interaction of Geography, Demography, and Environment Conclusion Chapter 6 Technology and Society The Industrial Revolution Technology and Globalization Technology and Social Change Natural Resources, Economics, and Technology Technology of the Past Technology of the Future Chapter 7 The Individual, Society, and Culture Socialization of the Individual Personality and Its Development Intelligence, Personal Adjustment, and Normality Deviance Conclusion Chapter 8 The Family Variations in the Family Pattern Functions of the Family in Society Variations of Family Patterns and the Functions of the Family The Family in the United States Today The Family in Transition Chapter 9 Religion The Nature of Religion The Great Religions of Today The Role of Religion in Society The Future of Religion Chapter 10 Education Schools as Agencies of Social Control The Development of U.S. Education Examining the School System Interaction of Economics, Politics, and Social Institutions Chapter 11 Social and Economic Stratification Types of Social Stratification Social Mobility Economic and Social Inequality Increasing Social and Economic Inequality Chapter 12 Stratification, Minorities and Discrimination Race and Ethnicity Minorities Conclusion Chapter 13 The Functions and Forms of Government The Primary Functions of Government Debates about the Nature of Government Forms of Government Governments Are Far from Simple Chapter 14 Democratic Government in the United States Historical Development of U.S. Government The Structure of U.S. Government The Political Process Evaluation of the Democratic Political Process Chapter 15 Governments of the World French Government Nigerian Government Japanese Government Russian Government Saudi Arabian Government Some Lessons about Governments Future Changes in Governments Chapter 16 The Organization of Economic Activities The Nature of an Economy The Evolution of Economic Systems The Socialist Economic System Globalization and the Continuing Evolution of Economies Chapter 17 Government and the Economy Government's Indirect Role in the Economy Government's Direct Role in the Economy Conclusion Chapter 18 International Political Relations The State in International Relations The Rise of the European Union Power in the World Community Foreign Policies The United States in the World Community Chapter 19 International Economic Relations The Terminology of Trade Advantages and Disadvantages of International Trade Restrictions on International Trade Foreign Exchange Conclusion Chapter 20 The Political Economies of Developing Countries Problems of Developing Countries Options of Developing Countries Case Studies Conclusion Chapter 21 International Institutions and the Search for Peace The Problem of War The United Nations The Outlook for Peace

Strategy and structure of Japanese enterprises

Abstract: A comprehensive analysis of China's rural reforms, this book links local experiences to national policy, showing the dynamic tension in the reform process among state policy, local cadre power and self-interest, and the peasants' search for economic growth. Key topics covered include: the responsibility system, privatization and changing property rights, industrialization, social conflict, cadre corruption, urban-rural relations, conflict over land, rural urbanization, and the impact of globalization. The introduction skillfully integrates the themes that run throughout this work and the concluding chapter focuses on current and future problems in rural China.

Markets and Trade in West Africa: Policy Issues for the Poorest Members of ECOWAS

Abstract: The limited size of domestic markets, the availability of natural and technological resources in national units, and the desire to retain some form of protection against full global competition are all factors which promote the formation of regional economic groupings. National markets are usually too small to support efficient industries, exploiting economies of scale or specialization. The elimination of tariffs within an economic community and a common external tariff to non-members should divert trade from external to internal community sources. For industries favorably affected by trade diversion, trade expansion should enable the exploitation of economies of scale and specialization formerly unattainable because of the small size of the domestic market. Production should be allocated among members on the basis of comparative advantage and, following free trade theory, it should then be at its most efficient and low cost. Economic integration is essentially then a strategy of export promotion and free trade among members and of import substitution and protection towards non

Perspectives on the Jurisprudence of International Trade

Abstract: I tackle a problem which I believe concerns all our disciplines; the problem of the legal processes involved in international trade regulation, and its various costs and benefits. Much of what I say could be applied to international processes, obligations, and institutions such as the GATT or OECD, but for reasons of time and space I will generally confine myself to the domestic U.S. laws and procedures concerning imports.' During the post-World War II period, there have been two parallel but clear trends in the system of United States regulation for imports. The first has been for the overall dramatic reduction in the level of tariffs since 1945, after the negotiation of the GATT, and the seven tariff and trade negotiating rounds under the auspices of GATT. The second trend has been a gradually accelerating recourse to measures for restraining imports other than normal tariffs, including measures entitled "antidumping duties" and "countervailing duties." This trend has particularly accelerated since 1962, and it is instructive to examine the major trade acts of 1962, 1974, and 1979 (the latter being the Trade Agreements Act of 1979, which implemented the results of the Tokyo Round Multilateral Trade Negotiations). The clear trend manifested in those statutes is towards a greater "legalization" or "judicialization" of the system. The 1974 act greatly reduced administrative discretion in the application of certain regulatory principles, particularly countervailing duties. It did this by imposing time limits, and in some cases embellishing the requirements for public hearings and other procedures to allow citizen access to the process. The 1979 act went even further in this regard, and also took some major steps in expanding the scope for judicial review of administrative actions. Consequently, as of this writing in 1983, the United States has a remarkably elaborate governmental system for the regulation of imports, including approximately a dozen different formal types of procedures or processes, many of which have explicit statutory procedural requirements calling for public hearings, judicial review, citizen complaint, and much reduced discretion for Executive Branch officials handling these matters. (See my 1977 book.) These include proceedings for escape clause, antidumping, countervailing duty, ? 337 unfair trade actions, ? 301 complaints against foreign government actions, etc. It is said that the U.S. legalistic system of regulating trade is costly, is itself a " non-tariff barrier" to trade, and lends itself to manipulative use by special domestic interests. Some of this may be true, but a systematic appraisal must examine at least three questions. 1) What are the real costs of the system? 2) What are the benefits of the system? 3) What alternatives to the system exist or are feasible, and what are their costs and benefits? I will therefore discuss those three questions, along with some policy and historical matters.

Cross-cultural trade in world history: Trade diasporas and cross-cultural trade

Abstract: Trade and exchange across cultural lines have played a crucial role in human history, being perhaps the most important external stimuli to change, leaving aside the unmeasurable and less-benign influence of military conquest. External stimulation, in turn, has been the most important single source of change and development in art, science, and technology. Perhaps this goes without saying, since no human group could invent by itself more than a small part of its cultural and technical heritage. Take as simple an example as the manufacture of this book. The English language is derived from one of those that came into Western Europe with German immigrants, combined with elements of Latin, originally imposed by imperial conquerors from the south, plus other borrowings. The alphabet came from the Phoenicians. The page numbers are “Arabic,” which actually means that the Europeans learned about them from the Arabs, who had borrowed them in turn from the Indians, who invented positional notation in the first place. A few years ago, a book like this would have been printed with movable type, which would have given it a possible Chinese heritage as well. On the negative side, cross-cultural trade and communication pose special problems. People with a different way of life are strangers by definition; their ways seem unpredictable, and the unpredictable is probably dangerous as well. Communication itself is difficult. Even after an appropriate medium comes into existence, like a second language in common, understanding is hard to come by. Strangers may appear not to be hostile, but they are still not to be trusted in the same full sense that neighbors and kinfolk can be trusted.

International trade and Third World development

Abstract: Foreign trade is a key factor in the development strategy of Third World countries. The development of world trade as a whole has not, however, led to an improvement in the relative position of the developing countries. Despite efforts to promote and liberalize world trade, serious quota and tariff barriers in world markets--often a violation of the principles advocated and accepted in international forums on world trade--still exist for many Third World countries. Specific issues such as import controls, export subsidies, foreign trade and payments, negotiating strategies, and industrial protectionism are explored as are the broad theoretical aspects of the role of trade in Third World development.

The World Economy: An Overview.

Abstract: the Russian economy imploded. The ruble plunged in value, and the government defaulted on its foreign debt obligations. Many Russians faced wage cuts and layoffs; savings were wiped out as banks collapsed. The meltdown sent shock waves through global financial markets. Russia was down, but it was not out; in the years since the crisis, Russia's economy has experienced substantial growth. By 2006, a country that had teetered on the brink of bankruptcy had posted four consecutive years of 6 percent economic growth and had amassed $250 billion in foreign currency reserves. The dramatic economic recovery can be attributed in part to record world prices for oil and gas; the energy sector is Russian's most important source of export revenue. A second explanation for the rebounding economy was politics. In 2000, Vladimir Putin succeeded Boris Yeltsin as president. Putin initiated a reform program that included a new tax code, streamlined customs regulations, slashed subsidies to state-owned enterprises, and made other improvements in the business climate. A third factor in Russia's economic rebound was the fact that price increases for imports caused by the ruble's devaluation stimulated local production of a wide range of goods. As one economist noted, " The crash of '98 really cleaned out the macro-economy. " Putin confidently predicted that national income in Russia would double by 2010. The collapse of Russia's economy in 1998 and its subsequent rebound in the first years of the new millennium vividly illustrate the dynamic nature of today's economic environment. Recall the basic definition of a market: people or organizations with needs and wants and both the willingness and ability to buy or sell. As noted in Chapter 1, many companies engage in global marketing in an effort to reach new customers outside the home country and thereby increase sales, profits , and market share. Today, Russia represents a major growth opportunity for global companies. Russia, along with Brazil, India, and China, are collectively referred to as BRIC—four fast-growing markets that represent important opportunities. 1 This chapter will identify the most salient characteristics of the world economic environment, starting with an overview of the world economy , a survey of economic system types, a discussion of stages of market development, and a review of the balance of payments. The final section of the chapter discusses foreign exchange.

Internationalizing the Ownership of Multinational Corporations.

Abstract: Although the internationalization of the shareholder populations is a movement that is still new to the international business community, several companies have active and mature internal investor ...

The International Economy: Functions and Organizations.

Abstract: : The main purpose of this report is to identify those organizations which facilitate trade and development in the international economy, and to discuss the current integration of these organizations into the overall international economy. The identification process results in a description of the international economy, emphasizing the current integration of institutions and functions. This report considers the influence of major organizations such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank Group, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and the various United Nations programs on both economic development and international finance. Additionally, the influences of the General Agreements on tariffs and trade, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, and various regional cooperative organizations are linked to the trade and development functions. The result of charting these various influences is a composite organizational diagram which graphically depicts these interrelationships. Further, some analysis of the dynamic nature of this system is provided.