Showing papers on "Globalization published in 1993"

The Age of Migration

Abstract: Preface to the 3rd Edition - Introduction - The Migratory Process and the Formation of Ethnic Minorities - International Migration Before 1945 - Migration to Highly Developed Countries since 1945 - The State of International Migration: The Quest for Control - The Next Waves: The Globalization of International Migration - New Migrations in the Asia-Pacific Region - Migrants and Minorities in the Labour Force - The Migratory Process: A Comparison of Australia and Germany - New Ethnic Minorities and Society - Migrants and Politics - Conclusion: Migration in the Post Cold-War Era of Globalization

The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World

Abstract: International migration is a central feature of the contemporary world. The fifth edition of this leading text has been substantially revised to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive assessment of the nature, extent and dimensions of international population movements, as well as of their consequences. Taking full account of the latest developments, including the impact of the global economic crisis and the relationship of globalization to migration, this text firmly contextualizes the main issues, theories and history that contribute to the field. This latest edition has extensive coverage of regional case studies, as well as additional material that examines the effect of climate change on migration. The book's companion website helps to consolidate learning by providing additional resources, including further case studies, links to external web-pages and a web-only chapter.

Globalization as hybridization

Abstract: Cultural hybridization refers to the mixing of Asian, African, American, European cultures: hybridization is the making of global culture as a global melange. The very process of hybridization shows the difference to be relative and, with a slight shift of perspective, the relationship can also be described in terms of an affirmation of similarity. Hybridization as a perspective belongs to the fluid end of relations between cultures: the mixing of cultures and not their separateness is emphasized. At some stage, toward the end of the story, the notion of cultural hybridity itself unravels or at least needs reworking. To explore what this means in the context of globalization, the chapter contrasts the vocabularies and connotations of globalization-as-homogenization and globalization-as-hybridization. Globalization/hybridization makes, an empirical case: that processes of globalization, past and present, can be adequately described as processes of hybridization. It is a critical argument: against viewing globalization in terms of homogenization, or of modernization/westernization, as empirically narrow and historically flat.

Innovations and Technological Spillovers

Abstract: In this paper we analyze the evidence from a large number of studies on three specific questions pertaining to RD the social rates of return of RD the channels of transmissions have been exports, foreign direct investment, and multinational enterprises' research operations, the latter being the most dynamic agents of technology transfer. With the further globalization of business activities, international technology transfers will be a major source of new R&D spillovers.

Modernizing Women: Gender and Social Change in the Middle East

Abstract: Valentine Moghadam's seminal study of the gendered nature of political and social processes in the Middle East and North Africa has been fully updated to reflect more than a decade of major changes. This new edition reflects an emphasis on the impacts of both globalization and democratization. It also includes entirely new chapters on the gender dynamics of conflicts in the region, on women and the Arab Spring, and on the achievements of women's rights movements. The result is an indispensable contribution to our understanding of current popular struggles for modernity, democratisation, and meaningful citizenship.

Innovations and technological spillovers

Abstract: In this paper we analyze the evidence from a large number of studies on three specific questions pertaining to RD the social rates of return of RD the channels of transmissions have been exports, foreign direct investment, and multinational enterprises' research operations, the latter being the most dynamic agents of technology transfer. With the further globalization of business activities, international technology transfers will be a major source of new R&D spillovers.

The Rise of the Region State

Abstract: THE NATION STATE has become an unnatural, even dysfunctional, unit for organizing human activ ity and managing economic endeavor in a borderless world. It represents no genuine, shared community of eco nomic interests; it defines no meaningful flows of economic activity. In fact, it overlooks the true linkages and synergies that exist among often disparate populations by combining important measures of human activity at the wrong level of analysis. For example, to think of Italy as a single economic entity ignores the reality of an industrial north and a rural south, each vastly different in its ability to contribute and in its need to receive. Treating Italy as a single economic unit forces one?as a private sector manager or a public sector official?to operate on the basis of false, implausible and nonexistent averages. Italy is a country with great disparities in industry and income across regions. On the global economic map the lines that now matter are those defining what may be called "region states." The bound aries of the region state are not imposed by political fiat. They are drawn by the deft but invisible hand of the global market for goods and services. They follow, rather than precede, real flows of human activity, creating nothing new but ratifying existing patterns manifest in countless individual decisions. They represent no threat to the political borders of any nation, and they have no call on any taxpayer's money to finance military forces to defend such borders. Region states are natural economic zones. They may or may not fall within the geographic limits of a particular

The Obsolescence of Capital Controls? - Economic Management in an Age of Global Markets

Abstract: Between the late 1970s and the early 1990s, after decades of trying to limit short-term international capital movements, advanced industrial states moved decisively in the direction of decontrol. What has driven this remarkable policy convergence? The answer lies not in ideological change or shifts in relative political power, but in the prior development of international financial markets and in the increasing globalization of business. In a policy environment fundamentally reshaped by these factors, financial institutions and multinational firms were able to threaten or implement strategies of evasion and exit. Thus, the usefulness of controls declined as their effective costs rose sharply. In this light, the cases of Japan, Germany, Italy, and France are examined. The analysis points to the tightening link between short-term capital movements and foreign direct investment, issues that have long been treated as conceptually distinct. It also underlines the intricate connection between national policies governing capital movements and those aimed at managing international financial markets.

Internationalizing Porter's Diamond

Abstract: ■ This article argues that Michael Porter's recent volume underestimates the significance of the globalization of production and markets for the competitive advantage of nations. This is because of the increasing interaction between the cross-border value added activities by multinational enterprises, which directly, or indirectly, impinge upon each of the components of the diamond of "national" competitive advantage. ■ The article explores the nature and form of this networking and how recent technological developments and regional integration have increased the interdependence of economic activity between the leading industrial nations of the world.

The Local and the Global in the New Urban Politics: A Critical View

Abstract: Recent US literature on urban politics has been characterized by significant convergence. There has been a marked focus on the politics of local economic development, and there has also been an attempt to situate that politics with respect to processes of globalization. In particular, the globalization of the economy and correlative hypermobility of capital arc seen as exerting strong redistributive pressures on urban communities. This is the ‘new urban polities’. Evaluation of this thesis proceeds first by a critical interrogation of the related concepts of hypermobility of capital, and immobility of urban communities. This results in a respecification of the question as one of local dependence and the scale at which agents arc locally dependent. This, in turn, allows the new urban politics to be critically linked to arguments about the territorial organization of the state. From this standpoint it also appears that claims for a secular tendency towards the hypermobility of capital lack coherence.

Service Industries in the World Economy

Abstract: 1. The Rise of Services: Some Factual and Theoretical Perspectives. Introduction. Services: Definition and Classification. The Recent Expansion of Services. Explanations for Growth. Understatement of Role of Services. 2. The Tradability of Services. TRadable and Non--Tradable Services. Information Technology and Tradability of Services. Transport Technology and the Tradability of Services. Service Multinationals and the Tradability of Services. Case Studies of the Development of Service MNEa S. Retail Internationalisation. Government Influences on the Tradability of Services. Changes in Consumer Requirements and Expectations. 3. International Trade and Foreign Direct Investment in Services. Introduction. Measuring Trade in Services. An Outline of Global Trade in Services. The Role of Comparative Advantage. Foreign Direct Investment in Services. International Trade in Services and the Developing Countries. Developing Country Service MNEa s. Eastern Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent States and International Trade in Services. Liberalizing International Trade in Services. 4. Services and the Global System of Cities. Services and the Global Urban System: Some Explanations. Services and Cities in the Global Urban System. Services and the Global Urban System: Some Examples. 5. Internationalization of Services and Restructuring of Cities. Services and Employment Restructuring in Large Metropolitan Areas: Some Comparisons. Impacts on the Urban Property Market: Offices. Changes in the Location of Services Within Cities. 6. Services in the World Economy: Some Reflections. Services in the 1990s: Victims of the Decade of Optimism?. Service--Dominated Economies: How Desirable?. Is the Globalization of Services inevitable?. Unfulfilled Potential of Telecommunications?. References. Further Reading. Bibliography. Index.

The Globalization of Business : The Challenge of the 1990s

Abstract: Part 1 Challenges for Teaching and Research in International Business: 1 The Study of International Business - A Plea for A More Interdisciplinary Approach Part 2 Challenges for Theorizing about MNEs and MNE Activity: 2 Micro and Macro Organizational Aspects of MNEs and MNE Activity 3 The Changing Dynamics of International Production 4 Global Strategy and the Theory of International Production 5 The Competitive Advantage of Nations Part 3 Challenges to Established Patterns of MNE Activity: 6 Japanese MNEs in Europe and the US - Some Comparisons and Contrasts 7 Transatlantic Investment Flows 8 Technological Strategic Alliances 9 Prospects for Investment in Central and Eastern Europe 10 The Globalization of Service Activity 11 International Direct Investment Patterns in the 1990s Part 4 Challenges to National and Regional Government Policies: 12 Governments, Hierarchies and Markets - Towards a New Balance 13 Governments and Multinational Enterprises - From Confrontation to Co-operation 14 Political Economy of International Business 15 Multinational Investment in the EC

The World of Consumption: The Material and Cultural Revisited

Abstract: Preface 1. Introduction and Overview 2. From Economics Imperialism to Globalization 3. The World of Commodities 4. Use Value and Consumption 5. Consumption through Systems of Provision 6. Systems of Provision and Cultural Systems 7. Economics and Consumption 8. What is Consumer Society? 9. Whatever Happened to Public Consumption? 10 Welfarism in Light of Globalization 11. Whither Consumption Studies?

The Social Construction of International Food: A New Research Agenda

Abstract: In this paper, we critically review current debates associated with the international food system. We then outline a revised set of conceptual and methodological principles linking globalization to the variable responses of actors engaged in the production, supply, and transfer of food. We look at the production of “new” agricultural exports in Chile and food consumption in the United Kingdom as examples of ways in which networks of value are developed, while assessing some of the social consequences. The new rounds of interconnectivity between producer and consumer nations and regions present opportunities to develop a more comprehensive approach that reemphasizes spatial and social variability as major characteristics of globalization. In conclusion, the paper presents some key methodological questions arising from critical analysis. These contribute to the development of a research agenda for the international study of food.

Globalization, Technology, and Competition: The Fusion of Computers and Telecommunications in the 1990s

Abstract: Globalization and advanced technology are reshaping the competitive business environment. In response to these changes, corporations are developing new competitive strategies, which in turn require new global organizational structures to be effectively implemented. "Globalization, Technology, and Competition" should help managers understand the impact on their industries of the integration of computers and telecommunications technologies. Written by a team of academics and senior executives of companies that develop and apply advanced computer-based telecommunications technologies to compete in the global economy, this book should be a useful guide to effective strategy in a newly emerging world of business competition.

Globalization and the Liberal Democratic State

Abstract: At First Sight it Might Appear Somewhat Curious to be studying the efficacy of the liberal democratic state just at that historic moment when liberal democracy seems to have triumphed on a global scale. Yet within contemporary Europe, the nature of political community and sovereign power have been thrown into question by the resurgence of ethnic nationalism, the intensification of regional integration and global turbulence. Taken together, these forces appear to deliver a fundamental challenge to the democratic ideals which underpin liberal democratic states. This article seeks to evaluate the nature of this challenge. It invites specific consideration of the consequences of these ‘threats from above’ and ‘threats from below’ for the character of the modern state.

Structural issues of global governance: implications for Europe

Abstract: In a period of fundamental changes in global and national structures, the conventional separations of politics, economics, and society become inadequate for the understanding of change. These are aspects that in relatively stable times can conveniently be selected out for particular examination on an assumption of ceteris paribus . Fundamental changes have to be grasped as a whole. This whole is the configuration of social forces, its economic basis, its ideological expression, and its form of political authority as an interactive whole. Antonio Gramsci called this the blocco storico or historic bloc (Gramsci, 1971). We can think of the historic bloc, as Gramsci did, at the level of a particular country. We can also think of it at the level of Europe, and at the world in so far as there is evidence of the existence of a global social structure and global processes of structural change. This chapter will focus on three broad issues of global governance in the transition from the twentieth century to the twenty-first: (1) the globalisation of the world economy and the reactions it may provoke; (2) the transformation of the inter-state system as it has been known since the Westphalian era; and (3) the problematic of a post-hegemonic world order. In discussing these issues, three levels of human organisation have to be considered in their interrelationships: the level of social forces, the level of states and national societies, and the level of world order and global society.

The Game Theory of Language Regimes

Abstract: The logic of globalization suggests that world languages such as English will begin to challenge national vernaculars in such a way as to threaten their existence as living languages. The power of nationalism suggests that groups supporting national vernaculars will use all political resources to stem the tide of globalization. This paper analyzes the micro rationality of language choice, seen as an n-person tipping game. It demon strates that for many postcolonial states, multilingual outcomes for individuals is a powerful equilibrium. The maintenance of multilingual repertoires rather than the replacement of competing languages in all domains by English, the paper concludes, will be the mark of the emerg ing world language system.

The market oriented university and the changing role of knowledge

Abstract: The development of corporate-university linkages occurs within the orbit of two major influences, the information society and the globalization of capital. The presence of the information society builds great pressure towards the production and transfer of knowledge. The economic contraction of recent years is juxtaposed against the globalization of capital which demands that productive enterprises compete on a world wide scale. Universities are not exempt from this dynamic as they too are propelled toward a market orientation. This process leads to a series of conflicts within our universities which define the parameters of the transformation.

Globalized Agriculture: Political Choice

Abstract: Part 1 Policy for agriculture: policy as a political issue agriculture and policy. Part 2 A globalization perspective: a globalized model - a first view the internationalization of capital the regulation of capital social relations of production and consumption episodes of capitalist development emergent capacities of organizations a globalization perspective - an extended view technological and organizational foundations of production and consumption internationalization of the environment a global consumption culture towards a globalization perspective on agriculture. Part 3 Economic processes and agriculture industrialization of agriculture agro-commodity production systems concentration, centralization and key organizations co-ordination, integration and power relations agriculture and the wider division of labour globalized agriculture and emerging contradictions. Part 4 Agriculture and regulation: regulatory concepts regulation, state and agriculture food regimes - historical patterns conceptual aspects food regimes and national agricultures. Part 5 The US model of agricultural regulation: agro-economic context: facilitative federalism and production expansion adjusting producers and productive potential concerns, conflicts and commitment agricultural policy framework agricultural policy process agriculture and trade farm crisis in the 1980s intenationalizing the domestic policy reform process decoupling and the environment. Part 6 The EC and the Common Agricultural Policy: post-war reconstruction and agriculture the common agricultural policy - co-existence of national agricultures policy objectives and the initial framework common pricing and financing regimes evolution of the CAP - mechanisms and assumptions milk quotas budget stabilisers structural adjustment regulatory tensions - national, inter-governmental and supranational intensification, specialization and diversification from the world's top food importer to the world's second food exporter the grain substitutes issue CAP and food industry - CAP and the environment CAP in the 1990s. Part 7 New Zealand and Australia and regulation for export food regimes - thesis and counter thesis state-led export expansion of New Zealand's livestock industries agricultural policy and farmer responses from sectoral to general macroeconomic management of agriculture changes in the agriculture-finance relation global exporters feedlots in Australia and global integration. Part 8 The GATT and agriculture: formation of the GATT system building a technical and political framework for trade liberalization the Uruguay round assessment. Part 9 The politics of globalized agriculture: the globalization thesis agricultural structure, agricultural policy and globalization. (Part contents).

The Globalization of Law

Abstract: By globalization of law, we might refer to the degree to which the whole world lives under a single set of legal rules. Such a single set of rules might be imposed by a single coercive actor, adopted by global consensus, or arrived at by parallel development in all parts of the globe. Although the end of bipolarity and the cold war brings some comfort, surely we have not moved very far toward a regime of international law either through the establishment of a single global law giver and enforcer or through a strong nation-state consensus. If we had, we would be speaking of international law, not the globalization of law. Nor can we even confidently claim that law has become global or universal in the sense that everyone on the planet can be sure that wherever he or she goes on the planet, human relationships will be governed by some law, even if not by a law that is everywhere the same. Indeed, unless we move very far toward an anthropological merging of law and custom, we would probably conclude that a smaller proportion of the world's population enjoys legally defined relationships today than it did one hundred years ago. This retreat would have occurred on the basis of one great historical fact alone: the enormous population of China has moved from a regime of Imperial however thin and corrupted, to a Leninist regime of non-law. Moreover, in much of the post-colonial third world, the legal regimes of the colonial occupiers have been thrown out, but it has been impossible to replace them with new legal regimes or restore the pre-colonial legal regimes that the European imperialists disrupted. Indeed, if the Indian sub continent and Indonesia could not be counted as having maintained some kind of rule of law, we would confront a world in which the relative number of persons living under regimes of law had declined so precipitously as to render talk of the globalization of law entirely misleading. When we speak of the globalization of law, we must be conscious that we are speaking of an extremely narrow, limited, and specialized set of legal phenomena set into a globe in which it is not at all clear whether the total quantum of human relationships governed by law has increased or decreased over the

Coalitions and competition : the globalization of professional business services

Abstract: Globalization of professional services business and professional services- competing in a more mobile world effects of GATT rules on trade in professional services mutual recognition, regulatory competition and the globalization of professional services the globalization of services and service-intensive goods industries the internationalization of the production of services - some general and specific explanations the globalization of professional service firms - evidence from four case studies ownerships, networks and coalitions the impact of bargaining and negotiating on the globalization of professional service firms risk sharing incentive contracts - on setting compensation policy for expatriate professionals in a foreign operation co-operative strategies for professional service firms - unique opportunities and challenges patterns of international competition in service industries - global oligopolistic reaction and national competitive advantages international competitiveness and corporate strategies in the construction services sector business corporation with Eastern Europe - problems and perspectives globalization of professional business services and Eastern Europe the global expansion of Japanese financial service firms - role of domestic economic and regulatory policies globalization of banking services.

World Science: Globalization of Institutions and Participation

Abstract: Science is atypical because it is cultivated with communal participation from throughout the world. This global formation has evolved recently. It originates in the institutionalization of a cosmopolitan tradition in Europe. The cosmopolitan orientation and the perceived usefulness of the European tradition promoted its adoption and institutionalization in the non-Western civilizations. A global institutional frame, including a global science policy regime, sustains communal participation in world science. Participation is described in terms of individual, national, and global communalformations.

Critical issues of IS management in Hong Kong: a cultural comparison

Abstract: Over the last decade a number of papers have appeared which have sought to review the critical concerns for IS management. These reviews have been valuable in their portrayal of a changing IS culture and the corresponding management issues which IS executives have to address. At the same time, we are witnessing changes to organizational culture with the growing trend towards globalization of information management within multi-national corporations (MNCs). This suggests that studies which transcend national boundaries will become increasingly important and such studies should reflect the political, economic and cultural impacts of regional environments. This paper focuses on the particular issues of concern for IS management in Hong Kong over the next five years and compares these against critical IS concerns worldwide. The unique political environment of Hong Kong has had impacts on information systems development and technology exploitation and provides for a different IS management perspective. The implications of these are examined both in the local context and in the broader scenario of globalized organizations with strong influences within the Pacific Rim. This study reviews the findings of recent studies in Australia, Europe, India, USA, Singapore and Hong Kong and evaluates the Hong Kong results both in the international and Asian context. The findings in Hong Kong are specifically contrasted with those in Singapore and a hypothesis drawn that the political environment is a major influencer. Finally, the specific issues of critical concern to MNCs in Hong Kong are expanded and these issues are related to the need for future research in the Asian continent

Conceptualizing Global History

Abstract: An Introduction to Global History (Bruce Mazlish.) The Theory of Global History The Rounding of the Earth: Ecology and Global History (Neva R. Goodwin.) Global History: Historiographical Feasibility and Environmental Reality (Wolf Schfer.) Global History and the Third World (Ralph Buultjens.) From Universal History to Global History (Manfred Kossok.) Global History in a Postmodernist Era? (Bruce Mazlish.) Applied Global History Migration and Its Enemies (Wang Gungwu.) A Globalizing Economy: Some Implications and Consequences (Richard J. Barnet and John Cavanagh.) Human Rights as Global Imperative (Louis Menand III.) The Globalization of Music: Expanding Spheres of Influence (John Joyce.) An Overview On the Prospect of Global History (Raymond Grew.).