Topic
Glucoside
About: Glucoside is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3183 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56075 citations. The topic is also known as: glucosides.
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TL;DR: The data demonstrate that it is possible to drastically reduce the linamarin and lotaustralin content in cassava tubers by blockage of cyanogenic glucoside synthesis in leaves and petioles by RNA interference.
Abstract: Transgenic cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz, cv MCol22) plants with a 92% reduction in cyanogenic glucoside content in tubers and acyanogenic (<1% of wild type) leaves were obtained by RNA interference to block expression of CYP79D1 and CYP79D2, the two paralogous genes encoding the first committed enzymes in linamarin and lotaustralin synthesis. About 180 independent lines with acyanogenic (<1% of wild type) leaves were obtained. Only a few of these were depleted with respect to cyanogenic glucoside content in tubers. In agreement with this observation, girdling experiments demonstrated that cyanogenic glucosides are synthesized in the shoot apex and transported to the root, resulting in a negative concentration gradient basipetal in the plant with the concentration of cyanogenic glucosides being highest in the shoot apex and the petiole of the first unfolded leaf. Supply of nitrogen increased the cyanogenic glucoside concentration in the shoot apex. In situ polymerase chain reaction studies demonstrated that CYP79D1 and CYP79D2 were preferentially expressed in leaf mesophyll cells positioned adjacent to the epidermis. In young petioles, preferential expression was observed in the epidermis, in the two first cortex cell layers, and in the endodermis together with pericycle cells and specific parenchymatic cells around the laticifers. These data demonstrate that it is possible to drastically reduce the linamarin and lotaustralin content in cassava tubers by blockage of cyanogenic glucoside synthesis in leaves and petioles. The reduced flux to the roots of reduced nitrogen in the form of cyanogenic glucosides did not prevent tuber formation.
236 citations
TL;DR: It is considered that chocolate is stable against oxidative deterioration due to the presence of these polyphenolic compounds.
Abstract: The antioxidant components of cacao liquor, which is a major ingredient of chocolate, were isolated with column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Quercetin and its glucoside were identified by spectrometric methods. Clovamide and deoxyclovamide were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and MS spectrometry. Their antioxidative activity was measured by peroxide value of linoleic acid and thiobarbituric acid reactive-substance value of erythrocyte ghost membranes and microsomes. In the bulk oil system, clovamide had the strongest antioxidative activity but was less active in the other experiments. In the case of the two hydrophilic systems, flavans such as quercetin and epicatechin were more potently effective than the glucosides. It is considered that chocolate is stable against oxidative deterioration due to the presence of these polyphenolic compounds. Keywords: Cacao liquor; polyphenols; antioxidant; catechin; clovamide
228 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of an enzyme system in the xylem of Pinus contorta var latifolia Engelm revealed two major [beta]-glucosidases that efficiently hydrolyzed the native substrate, coniferin, and one was more active against synthetic glucosides.
Abstract: Coniferin, the glucoside of the monolignol coniferyl alcohol, accumulates to high levels in gymnosperms during spring-cambial reactivation. A cinnamyl alcohol glucoside/[beta]-glucosidase system is thought to play a key role in lignification by releasing the monolignol aglycones. Investigation of such an enzyme system in the xylem of Pinus contorta var latifolia Engelm. revealed two major [beta]-glucosidases. One efficiently hydrolyzed the native substrate, coniferin, and the other was more active against synthetic glucosides. The coniferin [beta]-glucosidase was purified to apparent homogeneity using anion exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and size-exclusion chromatography. The apparent native molecular weight was estimated to be 60,000. A dominant 28-kD protein and a minor 24-kD protein were detected in the purified preparation following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Immunological evidence from polyclonal antibodies directed against the synthetic N-terminal peptide of the 24-kD protein suggested that the native protein is a dimer of 28-kD subunit size. The N-terminal sequence showed that coniferin [beta]-glucosidase has high homology to known plant [beta]-glucosidases. Coniferin, syringin, and a synthetic coniferin analog were preferred substrates for the coniferin [beta]-glucosidase. In situ localization using the chromogenic coniferin analog showed the exclusive presence of [beta]-glucosidase activity in the differentiating xylem, similar to peroxidase activity.
216 citations
TL;DR: Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures converted exogenously supplied curcumin to a series of glucosides, none of which has been found in nature so far, which were dependent on culture stage of the cells and medium sucrose concentration.
216 citations
TL;DR: The flavonoid composition of broccoli inflorescences has been studied by LC/UV-DAD/ESI-MSn and several less complex glucosides based on the same aglycones have been identified.
211 citations