Topic
Glycine cleavage system
About: Glycine cleavage system is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 691 publications have been published within this topic receiving 24713 citations. The topic is also known as: glycine cleavage system & glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) complex.
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TL;DR: A novel anticancer therapy is aiming to target serine and glycine biosynthesis, which are essential metabolites for cancer cells and provide precursors for macromolecules and antioxidant defence.
734 citations
TL;DR: A previously unknown riboswitch class in bacteria that is selectively triggered by glycine is identified, and these glycine-sensing RNAs perform key regulatory roles and exhibit complex performance characteristics that previously had been observed only with protein factors.
Abstract: We identified a previously unknown riboswitch class in bacteria that is selectively triggered by glycine. A representative of these glycine-sensing RNAs from Bacillus subtilis operates as a rare genetic on switch for the gcvT operon, which codes for proteins that form the glycine cleavage system. Most glycine riboswitches integrate two ligand-binding domains that function cooperatively to more closely approximate a two-state genetic switch. This advanced form of riboswitch may have evolved to ensure that excess glycine is efficiently used to provide carbon flux through the citric acid cycle and maintain adequate amounts of the amino acid for protein synthesis. Thus, riboswitches perform key regulatory roles and exhibit complex performance characteristics that previously had been observed only with protein factors.
527 citations
TL;DR: Glycine plays an important role in metabolic regulation, anti-oxidative reactions, and neurological function and has been used to prevent tissue injury, promote protein synthesis and wound healing, and improve immunity.
Abstract: Glycine is a major amino acid in mammals and other animals It is synthesized from serine, threonine, choline, and hydroxyproline via inter-organ metabolism involving primarily the liver and kidneys Under normal feeding conditions, glycine is not adequately synthesized in birds or in other animals, particularly in a diseased state Glycine degradation occurs through three pathways: the glycine cleavage system (GCS), serine hydroxymethyltransferase, and conversion to glyoxylate by peroxisomal d-amino acid oxidase Among these pathways, GCS is the major enzyme to initiate glycine degradation to form ammonia and CO2 in animals In addition, glycine is utilized for the biosynthesis of glutathione, heme, creatine, nucleic acids, and uric acid Furthermore, glycine is a significant component of bile acids secreted into the lumen of the small intestine that is necessary for the digestion of dietary fat and the absorption of long-chain fatty acids Glycine plays an important role in metabolic regulation, anti-oxidative reactions, and neurological function Thus, this nutrient has been used to: (1) prevent tissue injury; (2) enhance anti-oxidative capacity; (3) promote protein synthesis and wound healing; (4) improve immunity; and (5) treat metabolic disorders in obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, ischemia-reperfusion injuries, cancers, and various inflammatory diseases These multiple beneficial effects of glycine, coupled with its insufficient de novo synthesis, support the notion that it is a conditionally essential and also a functional amino acid for mammals (including pigs and humans)
512 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that nucleotide synthesis and cancer cell proliferation are supported by serine--rather than glycine--consumption, and therefore exogenous glycine cannot replace serine to supportcancer cell proliferation.
441 citations
TL;DR: Plant mitochondria possess all the necessary enzymatic equipment for de novo synthesis of tetrahydrofolate and lipoic acid, serving as cofactors for glycine decarboxylase and serine hydroxymethyltransferase functioning.
395 citations