Topic
Glycolysis
About: Glycolysis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 10593 publications have been published within this topic receiving 507460 citations. The topic is also known as: GO:0006096 & glycolysis.
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TL;DR: Synthetic lethal combination therapies are essential to attack the liabilities of the Warburg metabolism for therapeutic benefit and may promote or suppress tumor metastasis.
Abstract: The Warburg effect is prevalent in human cancer. Accordingly, most cancer cells display highly elevated glycolysis without proportionally increasing pyruvate oxidation. The metastatic process imposes strong selective pressure on cancer cells, and metastasizing cancer cells experience heightened oxidative stress. By constraining mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, the Warburg effect helps cancer cells to minimize oxidative stress, thereby facilitating metastatic dissemination. The PGC1α transcriptional coactivator is a central coordinator of oxidative metabolism. While promoting oxidative metabolism and reversing the Warburg effect, PGC1α critically activates antioxidant genes and protects cells against oxidative damage. Therefore, depending on the context, PGC1α may promote or suppress tumor metastasis. Cancer cells generally retain metabolic flexibility and can resist antiglycolysis treatment by undergoing metabolic reprogramming. Synthetic lethal combination therapies are thus essential to attack the liabilities of the Warburg metabolism for therapeutic benefit.
124 citations
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TL;DR: Parenchymal cells prepared by mechanical disruption of mouse liver with 20% polyvinyl alcohol exhibit a similar enzyme profile to those prepared enzymically, and a very substantial increase in the activity ratio of glucokinase to hexokinase over that in total liver homogenate.
Abstract: 1. Parenchymal cells have been prepared from mouse liver by enzymic and mechanical means. 2. The dry weights, protein and DNA contents of these cells have been determined. 3. Mouse liver ‘M-’ and ‘L-type’ pyruvate kinases have been prepared free of contamination with each other; their kinetic properties have been examined and a method has been developed for their assay in total liver homogenates. 4. Recoveries of phosphoglycerate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and phosphofructokinase in enzymically prepared cells indicate that little, if any, cytoplasmic protein is lost during preparation. 5. Parenchymal cells exhibit a very substantial increase in the activity ratio of glucokinase to hexokinase over that in total liver homogenate; in three out of eight experiments, hexokinase activity was undetectable. 6. ‘L-type’ pyruvate kinase alone occurs in the parenchymal cell. Non-parenchymal cells are characterized by the presence of ‘M-type’ activity only. 7. Parenchymal cells contain both glucose 6-phosphatase and fructose 1,6-diphosphatase. The non-parenchymal fraction appears to contain fructose 1,6-diphosphatase, but is devoid of glucose 6-phosphatase. 8. No aldolase A was detectable in the whole liver. Aldolase B occurs in both parenchymal and non-parenchymal tissue. 9. Parenchymal cells prepared by mechanical disruption of mouse liver with 20% polyvinyl alcohol exhibit a similar enzyme profile to those prepared enzymically. 10. The methodology involved in the preparation of isolated liver cells is discussed. The importance of the measurement of several parameters as criteria for establishing the viability of parenchymal cells is stressed. 11. The metabolic implications of the results in the present study are discussed.
124 citations
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TL;DR: Under “normal” conditions (i.e., when ATP production pathways are not inhibited), there appears to be no preferential utilization of energy produced by either glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation for the support of pump function.
Abstract: Cultured astrocytes and cell lines derived therefrom maintain a high energy level ([ATP]/[ADP]) through operation of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. The contribution from the latter to total ATP production is 25–32%. A powerful Na+/K+ pump maintains potassium, sodium, and calcium gradients out of equilibrium. [Na+]i is about 20 mM, [K+]i is 130 mM and [Ca2+]i is less than 100 nM. Under non-stimulated conditions, the Na+/K+ ATPase consumes 20% of astrocytic ATP production. Inhibition of the pump by ouabain decreases energy expenditure, raises [creatine phosphate]/[creatine], and leads to a leakage of sodium, potassium, and calcium ions. Decrease in the pump function via a fall in [ATP] also collapses ion gradients; the rate and extent of the fall correlates positively with cellular energy state. Under “normal” conditions (i.e., when ATP production pathways are not inhibited), there appears to be no preferential utilization of energy produced by either glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation for the support of pump function. GLIA 21:35–45, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
124 citations
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TL;DR: It is suggested that PVT1 contributes to OS cell glucose metabolism, cell proliferation, and motility through the miR-497/HK2 pathway, and a novel relation between lncRNA and the alteration of glycolysis in OS cells is revealed.
124 citations
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City of Hope National Medical Center1, Beckman Research Institute2, Houston Methodist Hospital3, Zhejiang University4, Sun Yat-sen University5, China Medical University (PRC)6, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center7, Tianjin University8, University of California, Los Angeles9, Yale University10
TL;DR: This paper showed that R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG) effectively attenuates aerobic glycolysis, a hallmark of cancer metabolism, in (R 2HG-sensitive) leukemia cells, but not in normal CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.
124 citations