scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Glycome

About: Glycome is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 549 publications have been published within this topic receiving 24072 citations.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The roles of glycans are highlighted by the fact that alterations in glycosylation regulate the development and progression of cancer, serving as important biomarkers and providing a set of specific targets for therapeutic intervention.
Abstract: Despite recent progress in understanding the cancer genome, there is still a relative delay in understanding the full aspects of the glycome and glycoproteome of cancer. Glycobiology has been instrumental in relevant discoveries in various biological and medical fields, and has contributed to the deciphering of several human diseases. Glycans are involved in fundamental molecular and cell biology processes occurring in cancer, such as cell signalling and communication, tumour cell dissociation and invasion, cell-matrix interactions, tumour angiogenesis, immune modulation and metastasis formation. The roles of glycans in cancer have been highlighted by the fact that alterations in glycosylation regulate the development and progression of cancer, serving as important biomarkers and providing a set of specific targets for therapeutic intervention. This Review discusses the role of glycans in fundamental mechanisms controlling cancer development and progression, and their applications in oncology.

1,920 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The broad role of glycans in immunity, cancer, xenotransplantation and glomerular filtration and the potential of ‘glycomedicine’ are discussed.
Abstract: The glycome describes the complete repertoire of glycoconjugates composed of carbohydrate chains, or glycans, that are covalently linked to lipid or protein molecules. Glycoconjugates are formed through a process called glycosylation and can differ in their glycan sequences, the connections between them and their length. Glycoconjugate synthesis is a dynamic process that depends on the local milieu of enzymes, sugar precursors and organelle structures as well as the cell types involved and cellular signals. Studies of rare genetic disorders that affect glycosylation first highlighted the biological importance of the glycome, and technological advances have improved our understanding of its heterogeneity and complexity. Researchers can now routinely assess how the secreted and cell-surface glycomes reflect overall cellular status in health and disease. In fact, changes in glycosylation can modulate inflammatory responses, enable viral immune escape, promote cancer cell metastasis or regulate apoptosis; the composition of the glycome also affects kidney function in health and disease. New insights into the structure and function of the glycome can now be applied to therapy development and could improve our ability to fine-tune immunological responses and inflammation, optimize the performance of therapeutic antibodies and boost immune responses to cancer. These examples illustrate the potential of the emerging field of ‘glycomedicine’. Glycosylation refers to the addition of carbohydrate chains to proteins and lipids. In this Review, the authors discuss the broad role of glycans in immunity, cancer, xenotransplantation and glomerular filtration and the potential of ‘glycomedicine’.

939 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying galectins' functions will provide further opportunities for developing new therapies based on the immunoregulatory properties of this multifaceted protein family.
Abstract: The function of deciphering the biological information encoded by the glycome, which is the entire repertoire of complex sugar structures expressed by cells and tissues, is assigned in part to endogenous glycan-binding proteins or lectins. Galectins, a family of animal lectins that bind N-acetyllactosamine-containing glycans, have many roles in diverse immune cell processes, including those relevant to pathogen recognition, shaping the course of adaptive immune responses and fine-tuning the inflammatory response. How do galectins translate glycan-encoded information into tolerogenic or inflammatory cell programmes? An improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying these functions will provide further opportunities for developing new therapies based on the immunoregulatory properties of this multifaceted protein family.

807 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Review focuses on the emerging immunological roles of the mammalian glycome, which is one of the four fundamental macromolecular components of all cells, and is highly regulated in the immune system.
Abstract: This Review discusses how the diversity of glycan structures that are produced in the secretory pathway and are displayed at the cell surface and in extracellular compartments can have both homeostatic and pathogenic effects on the development and function of the mammalian immune system. Glycosylation produces a diverse and abundant repertoire of glycans, which are collectively known as the glycome. Glycans are one of the four fundamental macromolecular components of all cells, and are highly regulated in the immune system. Their diversity reflects their multiple biological functions that encompass ligands for proteinaceous receptors known as lectins. Since the discovery that selectins and their glycan ligands are important for the regulation of leukocyte trafficking, it has been shown that additional features of the vertebrate immune system are also controlled by endogenous cellular glycosylation. This Review focuses on the emerging immunological roles of the mammalian glycome.

595 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe microarrays of oligosaccharides as neoglycolipids and their robust display on nitrocellulose, and show that carbohydrate-recognizing proteins single out their ligands not only in arrays of homogeneous oligosACcharides but also in array of heterogeneous oligo-charides.
Abstract: We describe microarrays of oligosaccharides as neoglycolipids and their robust display on nitrocellulose. The arrays are sourced from glycoproteins, glycolipids, proteoglycans, polysaccharides, whole organs, or from chemically synthesized oligosaccharides. We show that carbohydrate-recognizing proteins single out their ligands not only in arrays of homogeneous oligosaccharides but also in arrays of heterogeneous oligosaccharides. Initial applications have revealed new findings, including: (i) among O-glycans in brain, a relative abundance of the Lewisx sequence based on N-acetyllactosamine recognized by anti-L5, and a paucity of the Lewisx sequence based on poly-N-acetyllactosamine recognized by anti-SSEA-1; (ii) insights into chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides recognized by an antiserum and an antibody (CS-56) to chondroitin sulfates; and (iii) binding of the cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and the chemokine RANTES to sulfated sequences such as HNK-1, sulfo-Lewisx, and sulfo-Lewisa, in addition to glycosaminoglycans. The approach opens the way for discovering new carbohydrate-recognizing proteins in the proteome and for mapping the repertoire of carbohydrate recognition structures in the glycome.

580 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Signal transduction
122.6K papers, 8.2M citations
77% related
Regulation of gene expression
85.4K papers, 5.8M citations
77% related
Transcription factor
82.8K papers, 5.4M citations
76% related
Cellular differentiation
90.9K papers, 6M citations
76% related
Gene expression
113.3K papers, 5.5M citations
75% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202386
2022108
202153
202041
201945
201834