Showing papers on "Goal programming published in 1988"
TL;DR: In this paper, a goal programming/constrained regression model was used to compare the main findings of the econometric studies in every one of the 20 years covered, and the results showed that the results of these studies did not support the contention that Bell was a natural monopoly.
Abstract: The recently implemented court decision to break up Bell (=American Telephone & Telegraph Co.) to accord with U.S. anti-trust laws represents a highly significant policy decision which is proving to be influential in other countries as well as the U.S. The telecommunication industry is of such size and importance that even relatively small economies that might be lost with Bell's breakup as a “natural monopoly” could involve substantial welfare losses to consumers and producers. Studies commissioned by the U.S. Justice Department that approached this topic by econometric methods reported that the evidence failed to support the contention that Bell was a natural monopoly. Here a goal programming/constrained regression, as developed in the Management Science literature, uses the same functional form and the same data but nevertheless reverses the main findings of the econometric studies in every one of the 20 years covered. This kind of difference in results obtained by two different methods of analysis poi...
198 citations
TL;DR: The econo- mic-emission load dispatch problem is solved through linear and non-linear goal programming algorithms and the application and validity of the proposed algorithms are tested for a sample syrtem having six generators.
Abstract: The economic-emission load dispatch problem which accounts for minimization of both cost and emission is a multiple, conflicting-objective function problem. Goal programming techniques are most suitable for such type of problems. Here, the economic-emission load dispatch problem is solved through linear and nonlinear goal programming algorithms. The application and validity of the proposed algorithms are demonstrated for a sample system having six generators. >
189 citations
TL;DR: To overcome this problem the Delphi method is suggested to be applied prior to goal programming formulation so that the objectives and their corresponding aspiration levels can be identified.
Abstract: Effective project evaluation necessitates incorporating the many conflicting objectives of decision maker(s) into decision models. Among the many proposed methodologies of multicriteria decision making, goal programming is perhaps the most popular and widely used. Although it incorporates multiple objectives and arrives at an optimal solution, its major drawback is that the decision maker(s) must specify goals and priorities a priori. To overcome this problem the Delphi method is suggested to be applied prior to goal programming formulation so that the objectives and their corresponding aspiration levels can be identified. Another drawback of goal programming is that it does not provide a systematic approach to set priorities and trade-offs among objectives. For this purpose an analytical hierarchy process is used. The application of the proposed methodology is then discussed and illustrated through an example. >
113 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model for nurse scheduling via the goal programming versions of the traditional "set covering" model is discussed in detail, where demand profile and nurses preferences are fed into an expert-like capability designed to formulate a goal programming representation of the problem.
Abstract: A model for nurse scheduling via the goal programming versions of the traditional “set covering” model is discussed in detail. The demand profile and nurses preferences are fed into an expert like capability designed to formulate a goal programming representation of the problem. Solutions to the goal programmed model are made available for various goal priority options. Each solution can be disaggregated into specific assignments for specific units and nurses.
106 citations
01 Dec 1988
TL;DR: MCDM refers to making decisions in the presence of multiple, usually conflicting, objectives, which pervade all that the authors do and include such public policy tasks as determining a country’s policy developing a national energy plan, as well as planning national defense expenditures.
Abstract: Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) refers to making decisions in the presence of multiple, usually conflicting, objectives. Multiple criteria decision problems pervade all that we do and include such public policy tasks as determining a country’s policy developing a national energy plan, as well as planning national defense expenditures, in addition to such private enterprise tasks as new product development, pricing decisions, and research project selection. For an individual, the purchase of an automobile or a home exemplifies a multiple criteria problem. Even such routine decisions as the choice of a lunch from a menu, or the assignment of job crews to jobs constitute multiple criteria problems. All have a common thread--multiple conflicting objectives.
73 citations
TL;DR: This paper develops and demonstrates the application of a goal programming model, designed to assist top management in incorporating organizational goals when allocating funds to competing projects, and suggests the Delphi method, a systematic procedure to obtain a consensus from a group of participants.
Abstract: In this paper we develop and demonstrate the application of a goal programming model. It is designed to assist top management in incorporating organizational goals when allocating funds to competing projects. Investment decisions, however, normally involve several, often conflicting goals. The fact that some of these goals cannot be measured in dollars or other scales further complicates the problem. Among the many proposed methodologies of multicriteria decision-making (MCDM), goal programming (GP) is perhaps the most popular and widely used. It provides optimal solutions; however, it has a major drawback: the decision-maker must specify the goals and priorities a priori. To overcome this problem, we suggest the Delphi method, a systematic procedure to obtain a consensus from a group of participants. It is conducted prior to GP to (1) identify the goals, (2) determine priorities among the goals, and (3) establish a target level for each goal. To test the practicality and extent of applicability, the proposed model is directly applied to evaluate rural road projects of the Division of Transportation, Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), US Department of Interior.
45 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a pairwise comparison method in the sense of Shimura has been proposed for measuring the degree of choosing an objective in presence of other objectives in a goal programming problem.
40 citations
01 Jun 1988
TL;DR: An interactive procedure for group decision-making problems is presented based on the aspiration theory and utilizes both satisficing and optimizing approaches and can be the basis for a group decision suport systems.
Abstract: An interactive procedure for group decision-making problems is presented in this paper. The procedure is based on the aspiration theory and utilizes both satisficing and optimizing approaches. The possiblity of decision-makers forming coalitions is taken into account. The outcome of the modelled decision process is a compromise decision which can fulfil fairness and equity criteria. The compromise may also be an efficient solution. The procedure can be the basis for a group decision suport systems and such a system for a microcomputer network is discussed. An example of negotiations between management and trade union is presented.
38 citations
TL;DR: A general Fuzzy Goal Programming (FGP) methodology involving pre-emptive priorities and fuzzy goals which can be applied to tackle Multi-Criteria Decision Systems (MCDS) with imprecise parameters is proposed.
Abstract: This paper proposes a general Fuzzy Goal Programming (FGP) methodology involving pre-emptive priorities and fuzzy goals which can be applied to tackle Multi-Criteria Decision Systems (MCDS) with imprecise parameters. Specifically, it emphasizes certain assumptions about the psychology of the decision system (DS) where the dynamic involvement of the decision-maker (DM) is highlighted. The methodology, which is mostly DM oriented, is applied to a case study of a tube-well command area planning. The results demonstrate that (i) the DM normally satisfices rather than optimizes and (ii) the output of a DS is his best acceptable course of action.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a goal programming model was used to analyse optimum fertilizer combinations, instead of being fixed values as in traditional linear programming, are considered targets which may or may not be achieved.
Abstract: A goal programming model was used to analyse optimum fertilizer combinations. Under this approach, the fertilizer requirements, instead of being fixed values as in traditional linear programming, are considered targets which may or may not be achieved. A penalty system coupled to the goal programming model makes the specified lower and upper levels of nutrients more flexible and realistic. A simple example is used to expound the model, and then applied to real data to give optimum combinations of fertilizers for sugar beet in Western Andalusia (Spain).
36 citations
TL;DR: An interactive fuzzy goal programming model that will aid the public administrator in determining the dynamic relocation and expansion of capacitated public facilities is presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, an interactive and iterative fuzzy programming method for solving a quasi-optimization problem in complex decisions under constraints involving a multiple objective function is proposed.
Abstract: Multicriteria analysis is one of the analytical functions in the problem processing system of decision support systems (DSS). In this paper, an interactive and iterative fuzzy programming method for solving a quasi-optimization problem in complex decisions under constraints involving a multiple objective function is proposed. Comparing with an adapted gradient search method, a surrogate worth tradeoff method, and a Zionts—Wallenius method, an approximate preference structure is emphasized in the proposed method.
TL;DR: An attempt to use certain multiple-criteria decision-making aids to support the formulation of catch quota policies in pelagic fisheries management and the evidence is that IMGP is particularly useful in this context, and that it does facilitate the reaching of consensus between different interest groups.
Abstract: This article describes an attempt to use certain multiple-criteria decision-making aids to support the formulation of catch quota policies in pelagic fisheries management. A set of attributes was identified, as necessary to represent the decision-making goals. Potentially useful methods appeared to be STEM, interactive sequential goal programming (ISGP), and interactive multiple goal programming (IMGP). Prototype microcomputer-based systems were developed to implement each of the three approaches. Although experience with the implementation is still relatively limited, it has involved actual planners and decision makers from both the fishing industry and from the relevant state department. The evidence is that IMGP is particularly useful in this context, and that it does seem to facilitate the reaching of consensus between different interest groups.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a goal programming approach to the warranty cost estimation problem, where three goals are prioritized: minimization of warranty reserve cost per unit, offering a minimum level of warranty time based on an allowable proportion of failures within the warranty period, and capturing a minimum specified market share of the product.
Abstract: This paper proposes a goal programming approach to the warranty cost estimation problem. Past research on this topic has mostly dealt with a single objective—the minimization of the warranty reserve cost or the maximization of profit. A more realistic approach to warranty cost problems could, however, involve several goals, some of which might be conflicting to others. In this paper, three goals are prioritized. The goals considered are minimization of warranty reserve cost per unit, offering a minimum level of warranty time based on an allowable proportion of failures within the warranty period, and capturing a minimum specified market share of the product. An example is illustrated using the proposed formulation, and goal achievements are discussed.
TL;DR: The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as discussed by the authors is a useful tool for multiobjective decision making in its own right, and it has the potential for expediting multiple objective programming analyses.
TL;DR: In this article, the problem of design of actively controlled structures subject to restrictions on the damping parameters of the closed-loop system is formulated and solved as a multiobjective optimization problem.
Abstract: The problem of design of actively controlled structures subject to restrictions on the damping parameters of the closed-loop system is formulated and solved as a multiobjective optimization problem. The purpose of control is to effectively suppress structural vibrations due to initial excitation. The cross-sectional areas of the members are treated as design variables. The structural weight and the controlled system energy are considered as objective functions for minimization. The goal programming approach is used for the solution of the multiobjective optimization problems. The procedure is illustrated through numerical simulations using two-bar and twelve-bar truss structures.
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of partitioning students into groups from both the viewpoints of the students and the laboratories is considered and a method which incorporates new procedures into the MODI method for solving the transportation problem is proposed.
TL;DR: The approach, named mean-partial absolute deviation (mean-PAD), is aimed at improving existing safety-first methods by combining an accurate estimation of the probability of failure with multiobjective programming.
Abstract: An approach to deal with risk in agricultural planning with a safety-first model is presented. The approach, named mean-partial absolute deviation (mean-PAD), is aimed at improving existing safety-first methods by combining an accurate estimation of the probability of failure with multiobjective programming. The logic of the method is explained by a simple example. Although the mean-PAD approach is a multiobjective technique by nature, it can be made operational by using common linear programming codes.
TL;DR: Goal programming approach is used in evolving a satisfactory solution to the problem of designing a rural energy centre and thus obtain the emerging energy consumption patterns with multiple objectives.
Abstract: The problem of designing a rural energy centre and thus obtain the emerging energy consumption patterns with multiple objectives, can be viewed as matching the various energy sources to cater fully to the energy needs of a wide variety of tasks such as cooking, lighting, ploughing, pumping water for irrigation, rural transport, etc. This, in fact, should satisfy several economic, technical as well as social objectives or goals.
In order to arrive at a satisfactory solution, this has to be viewed as a multi-objective optimization problem. This communication develops a mathematical model for optimum energy planning in a rural environment. Goal programming approach is used in evolving a satisfactory solution to the above problem. The model developed is applied in the case of a typical South Indian village situated in a semi-arid region especially with respect to the major domestic energy needs of cooking and lighting. Results from the computer-simulated model are given.
TL;DR: In this article, a multiple criteria model for finding the most preferred solution for the problem of pricing alcoholic beverages is developed, which includes three criteria: profit (max), consumption of absolute alcohol (min), and impact on the consumer price index.
TL;DR: A goal programming model to evaluate various levels of job factors is developed by considering each job to consist of certain levels of different job factors by using some existing benchmark jobs.
TL;DR: This study presents a larger decision problem involving an oil pipeline operations planning model involving three objectives and basic concepts of multiple objective programming are applied, utilizing only a standard linear programming code.
TL;DR: Examples show that the approach to integer goal programming is questionable, especially if used in connection with a standard branch-and-bound-based solution technique.
Abstract: This note is a contribution to the on-going debate about the merits and demerits of goal programming. We concentrate on the special case of integer goal programming. Examples show that the approach is questionable, especially if used in connection with a standard branch-and-bound-based solution technique.
TL;DR: Polynomial Goal Programming (PGP) as mentioned in this paper is an approach for a generalized goal programming model and solution technique, which will permit trade-offs between preference levels, while retaining the flexibility to model intra-level preferences.
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed linear and non-linear goal-programming algorithms to solve the EELD problem, which is a multiple, confli- ctiny objective function problem.
Abstract: Operating at absolute minimum cost can n o longer be the o nly criterion for dis- patching electric power due to increasing co- ncern over the environmental considerations. The economic-emissio n load dispatch ( EELD ) problem w hich a ccounts for minimization of both cost and emission is a multiple, confli- ctiny objective function problem. Goal progr- amming techniques are most suitable for such type of problems. In this paper, the econo- mic-emission load dispatch problem is solved through linear and non-linear goal programming algorithms. The application and validity of the proposed algorithms are d emonstrated for a sample syrtem having six generators.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, Kornbluth et Steuer present an extension of the programmation objectif avec un critere fractionnaire lineaire and des contraintes lineaires.
Abstract: Etude d'une extension de la programmation objectif avec un critere fractionnaire lineaire et des contraintes lineaires etudiee par Kornbluth et Steuer
TL;DR: This article used lexicographic goal programming to identify the relationships among goals and quantitatively assess the degree to which changing the level of achievement of a particular goal affects the attainment of all others.
Abstract: Natural resource planning problems often involve economic, environmental and social concerns that are in conflict with one another. It is important, therefore, to assess the nature and extent of these conflicts. The study described below uses lexicographic goal programming to analyze the trade-offs that exist between economic, environmental and energy factors in the development of forest energy plantations in Eastern Ontario, Canada. The method is able to identify the relationships among goals and to quantitatively assess the degree to which changing the level of achievement of a particular goal affects the attainment of all others.
TL;DR: A discussion of fundamental questions associated with assessing resource developments in the rural context and a description of multiobjective goal programming, an analytical procedure that could be employed to generate information that may assist with resource development decisions are presented.
TL;DR: The results of this study suggest that this new approach generates more solution alternatives, identifies better solutions, and takes less than 10% of the CPU time required by the Lee and Morris algorithm.
TL;DR: Most of the typical dual relations including the saddle-point property and the formula for marginal values are proved.
Abstract: Linear goal programming (GP) is a widely used tool for dealing with problems involving multiple objectives. This paper aims to develope a new concept of duality for GP. In this concept the dual to a minsum GP problem is a GP problem and the dual to a lexicographic GP problem is a multidimensional lexicographic GP problem. We prove most of the typical dual relations including the saddle-point property and the formula for marginal values.