Showing papers on "Government published in 1969"
TL;DR: A question often posed by students of American state politics is: "Do state political systems leave a distinctive imprint on patterns of public policy?" Prior to recent years, the nearly automatic response of political scientists was an unqualified but increasingly confident "no" as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A question often posed by students of American state politics is: “Do state political systems leave a distinctive imprint on patterns of public policy?” Prior to recent years the nearly automatic response of political scientists was an unqualified “yes.” More recent research has led to a qualified but increasingly confident “no.”Several recent publications have explored relationships between various indices of state politics, socio-economic characteristics, and public policy. The general conclusion has been that central features of the political system such as electoral and institutional circumstances do not explain much of the variation in policy. There are occasionally high correlations between individual measures of voter turnout, party competitiveness, or the character of state legislatures and some aspects of governmental spending. But these political-policy correlations seem to disappear when the effect of socioeconomic development is controlled.These are disturbing findings. They have not gone unchallenged. But the challenges, rather than reassuring those who have asserted the relevance of parties, voting patterns, and government structures, have demonstrated that the burden of proof now rests on those who hypothesize a politics-policy relationship. The problem has not been resolved.Part of the problem may rest on the conceptualization and measurement of the central variables. Electoral balance or alternation in office is not “inter-party competition,” except in the most mechanical sense. Compare Massachusetts' loose-knit party structure to the centralization of Connecticut's. “Party competition” is not the same as “party organization.” And party competition, voting habits, and patterns of apportionment fall far short of being equivalents of “political systems.”
208 citations
88 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied comparative politics and government in the Third World countries and the United Kingdom, Germany, India, Mexico, China, and Nigeria, and concluded that:
Abstract: 1. Introduction: Why Study Comparative Politics and Government? I. INDUSTRIAL DEMOCRACIES. 2. The Government of Great Britain. 3. The Government of France. 4. The Government of Germany. 5. The Government of Japan. 6. A Changing Europe. II. COMMUNIST AND POST-COMMUNIST SYSTEMS. 7. The Government of the Russian Federation. 8. The Government of China. III. THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES. 9. The Government of India. 10. The Government of Mexico. 11. The Government of Nigeria. 12. Conclusion.
85 citations
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62 citations
TL;DR: On Understanding Poverty includes 12 papers about the nature and causes of poverty and concludes with a call for action to end poverty.
Abstract: On Fighting Poverty: Perspectives From Experience, edited by James L. Sundquist, 288 pp, $8.50, New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1969.No longer can the problem of poverty be dismissed with Jesus' remark, "Ye have the poor with you always." Today, everyone, rich or poor, physicians or laymen, black-power advocates and white racists, must pay attention to the problems of the poor and the programs designed to solve them. Almost everyone feels qualified to express opinions, but few of us are well informed. In an effort to gather reliable information and significant ideas, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences organized a seminar. During the academic year 1966-1967, outstanding social scientists and officials in government programs met for ten weekends and discussed their viewpoints and experiences. These two volumes contain the fruit of their conferences.On Understanding Poverty includes 12 papers about the nature and causes of poverty. Is poverty a
56 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the effect of family structure on entrepreneurial activity and compared the costs and benefits of providing the security through government on the one hand, and the extended family on the other.
Abstract: Security against economic loss resulting from sickness, accidents, death, old age, poverty, and unemployment is valued highly by most societies. Social security, provident funds, old age pensions, life insurance, unemployment insurance, accident insurance, medical insurance, and welfare programs instituted by government (and business) provide much of this function of security in economically advanced countries. In contrast, this function is supplied by the institution of the extended family in many of the less developed couqtries such as Nigeria. It would be useful, though difficult, to compare the costs and benefits of providing the security through government on the one hand, and the extended family on the other. However, the problem under consideration in this study is more specific. Many development economists emphasize the importance of sociocultural variables as partial determinants of the supply of entrepreneurs and the rate of economic growth. This study analyzes the effect of one of these variables, family structure, on entrepreneurial activity. Development economists generally contend that the institution of the extended family is a major barrier to entrepreneurial activity.' The joint
54 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: A list of abbreviated works about the Roman government can be found in this article, where an essay upon the Constitution of the Roman Government Appendices Index is presented. But this list is incomplete.
Abstract: Preface List of abbreviated works Introduction 1. Plato Redivivus: or a Dialogue Concerning Government 2. An Essay upon the Constitution of the Roman Government Appendices Index.
TL;DR: A complete set of documents in the library of the Bureau of the Budget (xerox copies now in Utah State University Library) now make possible such a comparison as discussed by the authors, which has been the difficulty of obtaining comparable data for each of the forty-eight states.
Abstract: A MAJOR PROBLEM connected with measuring the economic impact of the New Deal has been the difficulty of obtaining comparable data for each of the forty-eight states. A complete set of documents in the library of the Bureau of the Budget (xerox copies now in Utah State University Library) now make possible such a comparison. Prepared late in 1939 by the Office of Government Reports for the use of Franklin Roosevelt during the presidential campaign of 1940, the fifty-page reports-one for each stategive precise information on the activities and achievements of the various New Deal economic agencies. The obvious intent of the statistical summaries was to dramatize to voters in each state the ac-
TL;DR: This article argued that debates in the House of Commons are largely lifeless, for the matters under discussion have already been thoroughly thrashed out in private party meetings, and that the Parliamentary timetable and limitation of debate are largely at the mercy of the Government of the day.
Abstract: Probably the criticisms now most frequently heard about the House of Commons revolve around its loss of control over the Government. Debates, it is argued, are largely lifeless, for the matters under discussion have already been thoroughly thrashed out in private party meetings. Furthermore, the Parliamentary timetable and limitation of debate are largely at the mercy of the Government of the day.
TL;DR: The major forms in which institutionalized student politics appear in different nations are closely linked to the attributes of the political and educational systems of each nation as discussed by the authors, and the major system linkages which determine these forms are government control over university structure and financing, and recruitment to political careers through party sponsorship of university student aspirants.
Abstract: Prevailing analyses of student politics focus upon noninstitutionalized modes of political behavior and upon the social-psychological attributes of participants.This approach tends to ignore the importance of structural links between political system, university, intitutionalized, and noninstitutionalized student politics. The major forms in which institutionalized student politics appear in different nations are closely linked to the attributes of the political and educational systems of each nation. The major system linkages which determine these forms are government control over university structure and financing, and recruitment to political careers through party sponsorship of university student aspirants. The prevailing form of institutionalized student politics where both of these links are present is factional competition among political party branches. Where both are absent, university student government prevails. Where recruitment is low and government control is strong, national student unions ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present some research conclusions as a number of "propositions" about technological innovation which are intended mainly for managers of business and government institutions, and claim that western nations are foregoing great opportunities by taking a short-term view.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an attempt to capture a central policy problem of a modern mixed economy in which the government can influence investment and saving, but only indirectly, by manipulating certain basic variables like the deficit and the money supply.
Abstract: There have been two broad strategic approaches to the study of economic growth. The first, exemplified by Solow's paper (1956), attempts to explain how an enterprise economy will grow, given its technology and the market behavior of its consumers. The second approach, exemplified by Ramsey (1928), attempts to determine an optimal development strategy for a fully planned economy, given its technological constraints. These approaches fail to capture a central policy problem of a modern mixed'" economy in which the government can influence investment and saving, but only indirectly, by manipulating certain basic variables like the deficit and the money supply. Our paper represents an attempt to begin the analysis of this problem.1 The very term "mixed economy" implies that there are two centers of decision making and that the preferences of the consumers and of the government are distinguishable.2 It is not at all clear where the preferences of the government come from, or even whether governments have consistent preferences of the kind we will talk about. But a constant theme of policy literature is that government intervention in the economy is effective and can be judged as good or bad for the economy without direct reference to consumer preferences. This is particularly true of policy prescriptions for economic growth. It seems to us that postulating a social welfare
Book•
28 Feb 1969
TL;DR: The effects of practicing physicians' socioeconomic and religious background on their concern with success values and on their political ideology are examined, including their attitudes toward government participation in medical care.
Abstract: Much research has been done in the past fifteen years on the effects of medical education, viewed as professional socialization. Although the significance of social origins, viewed as early sources of socialization, is recognized, there has been little empirical research on the effects of specific background characteristics on specific attitudes, behavior, and careers of professionals. This paper examines the effects of practicing physicians' socioeconomic and religious background on their concern with success values and on their political ideology, including their attitudes toward government participation in medical care.
TL;DR: It is increasingly becoming a commonplace to assert that non-political activities engaged in during childhood play determinative roles in shaping individuals' attitudes toward and perceptions of the political order as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: It is increasingly becoming a commonplace to assert that non-political activities engaged in during childhood play determinative roles in shaping individuals' attitudes toward and perceptions of the political order. A large part of this early ‘political socialization’, as it is now called, takes place within the family, which, in the words of one commentator, ‘incubates the political man’, whether or not there is a conscious attempt to inculcate political beliefs. As T. D. Weldon remarked, ‘Basic political creeds may not be actually imbibed … with mother's milk: but children are none the less indoctrinated in practically every other way.’ This socialization plus later experiences (including reading, conversations, and direct encounters with government) will help to implant notions of political legitimacy; that is, the grounds on which a political authority is held to be entitled to rule. Legitimacy and the consequent public acceptance of government are among the very foundations upon which politics rests. In the words of David Easton,If a government…is to be capable of performing its tasks, the member of the [particular political] system must be prepared to support the particular norms and structures that organize the way in which all political activities are performed. That is, they must be willing to support the 'constitutional order' or regime. Hence, we are identifying the fundamental rules of the game, as they are often described, regulating participation in political life and the particular way of organizing political power in a given society.
Book•
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: Taylor as discussed by the authors discusses the political energy and change in America in 1814 and dedicates chapters to the funding, banking, whilst also giving historical insight to the founding of the government system in the America.
Abstract: In this this 1950 republished edition, Taylor discusses the political energy and change in America in 1814. Dedicating chapters to the funding, banking, whilst also giving historical insight to the founding of the government system in the America. Taylor furthermore draws light on the positive and negative implications of the United States Government in 1814.
TL;DR: The socio-economic structure of this state seems to have been able to function without radical changes, such as very often were unavoidable for the preservation of the existence of the fighting great powers as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The cuneiform archives from the region of Arrapha throw light on the political and economic history of this country for the period of approximately one and a half century. The state in question had no particularly important stimulus for development. It was a small autonomous state adhering to a policy of non-interference in the fights for hegemony. The socio-economic structure of this state seems to have been able to function without radical changes, such as very often were unavoidable for the preservation of the existence of the fighting great powers. Nevertheless Arrapha too was plunged into war and had to struggle for existence when the armies of two neighbouring countries clashed on its territory 2). Thus, on the whole we can regard the socio-economic structure of Arrapha as a typical one for the period, and in no way out of the ordinary, although whenever a state of war emerges, this makes a certain difference for our analysis of the political pattern in question.