Topic
Granule (cell biology)
About: Granule (cell biology) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6853 publications have been published within this topic receiving 180037 citations.
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TL;DR: It is shown that P granules exhibit liquid-like behaviors, including fusion, dripping, and wetting, which is used to estimate their viscosity and surface tension, and reflects a classic phase transition, in which polarity proteins vary the condensation point across the cell.
Abstract: In sexually reproducing organisms, embryos specify germ cells, which ultimately generate sperm and eggs In Caenorhabditis elegans, the first germ cell is established when RNA and protein-rich P granules localize to the posterior of the one-cell embryo Localization of P granules and their physical nature remain poorly understood Here we show that P granules exhibit liquid-like behaviors, including fusion, dripping, and wetting, which we used to estimate their viscosity and surface tension As with other liquids, P granules rapidly dissolved and condensed Localization occurred by a biased increase in P granule condensation at the posterior This process reflects a classic phase transition, in which polarity proteins vary the condensation point across the cell Such phase transitions may represent a fundamental physicochemical mechanism for structuring the cytoplasm
2,134 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the disordered regions of key RNP granule components and the full-length granule protein hnRNPA1 can phase separate in vitro, producing dynamic liquid droplets.
1,225 citations
TL;DR: This review summarises current knowledge of granule biology and highlights the effects of neutrophil degranulation in the acute inflammatory response.
1,117 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the structural level of the granule involves the organization of the amylopectin lamellae into effectively spherical "blocklets" which range in diameter from 20 to 500 nm depending on starch botanical type and their location in granule, and the presence of short, radial "channels" of amorphous material within starch granules from some starch varieties.
927 citations
TL;DR: The wide range of cell types in which regulated secretory granule exocytosis occurs is described and the evidence for the expression of the conserved fusion machinery in these cells is assessed.
Abstract: Regulated exocytosis of secretory granules or dense-core granules has been examined in many well-characterized cell types including neurons, neuroendocrine, endocrine, exocrine, and hemopoietic cells and also in other less well-studied cell types. Secretory granule exocytosis occurs through mechanisms with many aspects in common with synaptic vesicle exocytosis and most likely uses the same basic protein components. Despite the widespread expression and conservation of a core exocytotic machinery, many variations occur in the control of secretory granule exocytosis that are related to the specialized physiological role of particular cell types. In this review we describe the wide range of cell types in which regulated secretory granule exocytosis occurs and assess the evidence for the expression of the conserved fusion machinery in these cells. The signals that trigger and regulate exocytosis are reviewed. Aspects of the control of exocytosis that are specific for secretory granules compared with synaptic vesicles or for particular cell types are described and compared to define the range of accessory control mechanisms that exert their effects on the core exocytotic machinery.
900 citations