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Showing papers on "Graphics published in 1994"


Proceedings ArticleDOI
24 Jul 1994
TL;DR: The paper illuminates and addresses performance issues fundamental to immediate-mode graphics and coarse-grained, pipelined multiprocessing and discusses support for intersection detection, fixed-frame rates, run-time profiling and special effects such as geometric morphing.
Abstract: This paper describes the design and implementation of IRIS Performer, a toolkit for visual simulation, virtual reality, and other real-time 3D graphics applications. The principal design goal is to allow application developers to more easily obtain maximal performance from 3D graphics workstations which feature multiple CPUs and support an immediate-mode rendering library. To this end, the toolkit combines a low-level library for high-performance rendering with a high-level library that implements pipelined, parallel traversals of a hierarchical scene graph. While discussing the toolkit architecture, the paper illuminates and addresses performance issues fundamental to immediate-mode graphics and coarse-grained, pipelined multiprocessing. Graphics optimizations focus on efficient data transfer to the graphics subsystem, reduction of mode settings, and restricting state inheritance. The toolkit's multiprocessing features solve the problems of how to partition work among multiple processes, how to synchronize these processes, and how to manage data in a pipelined, multiprocessing environment. The paper also discusses support for intersection detection, fixed-frame rates, run-time profiling and special effects such as geometric morphing.

517 citations


Book
01 Aug 1994

490 citations


Patent
31 Oct 1994
TL;DR: An optimal electrophysiologic mapping system for arrhythmia surgery and cardiac research allows rapid and accurate interpretation of cardiac activation sequences as mentioned in this paper, which can display activation or potential distribution data on an anatomically accurate 3-D model of the heart and allows fast, interactive control of viewing characteristics, including control of which cardiac surfaces are displayed, control of virtual lighting, rotational control of the displayed image, etc.
Abstract: An optimal electrophysiologic mapping system for map-directed arrhythmia surgery and cardiac research allows rapid and accurate interpretation of cardiac activation sequences. The system can display activation or potential distribution data on an anatomically accurate 3-D model of the heart and allows fast, interactive control of viewing characteristics, including control of which cardiac surfaces are displayed, control of virtual lighting, rotational control of the displayed image, etc. The system employs two computer programs, GETPIC3 and MAP3, and runs on a Silicon Graphics workstation capable of rapid graphics calculations and displays. The system utilizes 3-D models of epicardial and endocardial surfaces created with the GETPIC3 program from a sequence of 2-D images of a heart. The individual surfaces are triangulated and may be smoothed using a spline function. The MAP3 program displays activation times either as static isochronous maps or as dynamic time-since-last-activation maps. In the latter case, surface color denotes the time elapsed since a particular area activated. Potential distribution data may also be displayed dynamically. A mouse allows the system operator to control real-time rotation of the model in three dimensions, and any surface can be hidden interactively for better viewing of the data. Control is also provided over the starting, stopping, reversing, and repeating of data, as well as over the frame rate for dynamic displays.

416 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Mark D. Weiser1
TL;DR: The metaphor for the computer of the future?
Abstract: What is the metaphor for the computer of the future? The intelligent agent? The television (multimedia)? The 3-D graphics world (virtual reality)? The StarTrek ubiquitous voice computer? The GUI desktop, honed and refined? The machine that magically grants our wishes? I think the right answer is "none of the above", because I think all of these concepts share a basic flaw: they make the computer visible.

358 citations


Book
David A. James1
01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: This book is a guide to using S-Plus to perform statistical analyses and provides both an introduction to the use of S- Plus and a course in modern statistical methods.
Abstract: S-Plus is a powerful environment for statistical and graphical analysis of data. It provides the tools to implement many statistical ideas which have been made possible by the widespread availability of workstations having good graphics and computational capabilities. This book is a guide to using S-Plus to perform statistical analyses and provides both an introduction to the use of S-Plus and a course in modern statistical methods. All data sets and S-Plus functions used are supplied with the book on a diskette.

261 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
24 Jul 1994
TL;DR: An address recalculation pipeline is a graphics display controller specifically designed for use with head mounted virtual reality systems, it performs orientation viewport mapping after rendering which means the users head orientation does not need to be known accurately until less than a microsecond before the first pixel of an update frame is actually sent to the head mounted display device.
Abstract: Virtual reality systems are placing never before seen demands on computer graphics hardware, yet few graphics systems are designed specifically for virtural reality. An address recalculation pipeline is a graphics display controller specifically designed for use with head mounted virtual reality systems, it performs orientation viewport mapping after rendering which means the users head orientation does not need to be known accurately until less than a microsecond before the first pixel of an update frame is actually sent to the head mounted display device. As a result the user perceived latency to head rotations is minimal.Using such a controller with image composition it is possible to render different objects within the world at different rate, thus it is possible to concentrate the available rendering power on the sections of the scene that change the most. The concentration of rendering power is known as priority rendering. Reductions of one order of magnitude in the number of objects rendered for an entire scene have been observed when using priority rendering. When non interactive background scenes which are rendered with a high quality rendering algorithm such as ray tracing are added to the world, highly realistic virtual worlds are possible with little or no latency.

217 citations


Book
25 Apr 1994
TL;DR: The central claim of this paper is that the generation of a multimodal presentation can be considered as an incremental planning process that aims to achieve a given communicative goal.
Abstract: Multimodal interfaces combining natural language and graphics take advantage of both the individual strength of each communication mode and the fact that several modes can be employed in parallel. The central claim of this paper is that the generation of a multimodal presentation can be considered as an incremental planning process that aims to achieve a given communicative goal. We describe the multimodal presentation system WIP which allows the generation of alternate presentations of the same content taking into account various contextual factors. We discuss how the plan-based approach to presentation design can be exploited so that graphics generation influences the production of text and vice versa. We show that well-known concepts from the area of natural language processing like speech acts, anaphora, and rhetorical relations take on an extended meaning in the context of multimodal communication. Finally, we discuss two detailed examples illustrating and reinforcing our theoretical claims.

206 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
24 Apr 1994
TL;DR: SAGE is a knowledge-based presentation system that automatically designs graphics and also interprets a user's specifications conveyed with the other tools, and enhances userdirected design by completing partial specifications.
Abstract: We present three novel tools for creating data graphics: (1) SageBrush, for assembling graphics from primitive objects like bars, lines and axes, (2) SageBook, for browsing previously created graphics relevant to current needs, and (3) SAGE, a knowledge-based presentation system that automatically designs graphics and also interprets a user's specifications conveyed with the other tools The combination of these tools supports two complementary processes in a single environment: design as a constructive process of selecting and arranging graphical elements, and design as a process of browsing and customizing previous cases SAGE enhances userdirected design by completing partial specifications, by retrieving previously created graphics based on their appearance and data content, by creating the novel displays that users specify, and by designing alternatives when users request them Our approach was to propose interfaces employing styles of interaction that appear to support graphic design Knowledge-based techniques were then applied to enable the interfaces and enhance their usability

202 citations


Patent
30 Aug 1994
TL;DR: In this paper, an audio/video production system facilitates professional quality image manipulation and editing using an enhanced general-purpose hardware A program input may be translated into any of a variety of graphics or television formats, including NTSC, PAL, SECAM and HDTV, and stored as data-compressed images, using any of several commercially available methods such as Motion JPEG, MPEG, etc.
Abstract: An audio/video production system facilitates professional quality image manipulation and editing using an enhanced general-purpose hardware A program input may be translated into any of a variety of graphics or television formats, including NTSC, PAL, SECAM and HDTV, and stored as data-compressed images, using any of several commercially available methods such as Motion JPEG, MPEG, etc While being processed, the images may be re-sized to produce a desired aspect ratio or dimensions using conventional techniques such as pixel interpolation Frame rate conversion to and from conventional formats is performed by using the techniques employed for film-to-NTSC and film-to-PAL transfers, or by inter-frame interpolation, all well known in the art By judicious selection of the optimal digitizing parameters, the system allows a user to establish an inter-related family of aspect ratios, resolutions, and frame rates, yet remain compatible with currently available and planned graphics and television formats

197 citations


Book
01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: From the Publisher: Like its predecessor, Graphics Gems II is written by professional graphics programmers and is immediately helpful in writing programs that are clean, fast, and elegant.
Abstract: From the Publisher: Like its predecessor, Graphics Gems II is written by professional graphics programmers. The tools in this book are immediately helpful in writing programs that are clean, fast, and elegant.

192 citations


Book
01 Oct 1994
TL;DR: The general premise throughout the book is that learning is paramount and should take center stage and the reader is reminded of this underlying premise which made this book particularly effective.
Abstract: The first of the topics begins with an overview of instructional computer graphics. This leads into an overview of the status of instructional visual research including discussions on visual perception, visual cognition, and theories on storing visual information in short-term and long-term memory. More practical application information is found in the next few chapters covering when and how static and animated graphics should be integrated into computer based instruction. The book concludes with a consideration of the role visuals play with multimedia. The useful information of each chapter is delivered with a cautious and wise nature. Rieber introduces his book with the first principle of instructional graphics, which I found to be very insightful. It reads, "There are times when pictures can aid learning, times when pictures do not aid learning but do no harm, and times when pictures do not aid learning and are distracting." The general premise throughout the book is that learning is paramount and should take center stage. He further warns the instructional designer about becoming "technocentric" (this is where technology dictates decision making) and recommends that media decisions not be made untilother instructional decisions are made. Again and again, from chapter to chapter, the reader is reminded of this underlying premise which made this book particularly effective. Another strength was the comprehensive nature of the book. There was an excellent balance of theory, research, and application to ensure the reader will gain the knowledge for appropriate integration of graphics into instructional materials. The theoretical information covers the role of visuals in communication and education, quoting many research sources for validation. There is an overview of three types of instructional graphics (representational, analogical, and arbitrary) and an analysis of their possible use in Gagneis domains of learning. Rieber states that the design of instructional graphics is strongly influenced by the inter-relationships and interdependency of the five domains. To help the reader choose the correct graphic for the job intended, a section describing the five applications of instructional graphics (cosmetic, motivation, attention-gaining, presentation, and practice) is included. It is recognized that these applications originated from Gagne's nine events of instruction.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
24 Apr 1994
TL;DR: This paper presents a taxonomy of see-through tools that considers variations in each of the steps they perform, and describes particular see-Through tools that perform graphical editing and text editing operations.
Abstract: In current interfaces, users select objects, apply operations, and change viewing parameters in distinct steps that require switching attention among several screen areas. Our See-Through Interface™ software reduces steps by locating tools on a transparent sheet that can be moved over applications with one hand using a trackball, while the other hand controls a mouse cursor. The user clicks through a tool onto application objects, simultaneously selecting an operation and an operand. Tools may include graphical filters that display a customized view of application objects. Compared to traditional interactors, these tools save steps, require no permanent screen space, reduce temporal modes, apply to multiple applications, and facilitate customization. This paper presents a taxonomy of see-through tools that considers variations in each of the steps they perform. As examples, we describe particular see-through tools that perform graphical editing and text editing operations. CR Categories and Subject Descriptors: I.3.6 [Computer Graphics]: Methodology and Techniques—interaction techniques; H.5.2 [Information Interfaces and Presentation): User Interfaces—interaction styles; I.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Picture/Image Generation—viewing algorithms; 1.3.4 [Computer Graphics]: Graphics Utilities—graphics editors

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Glyphmaker allows nonexpert users to customize their own graphical representations using a simple glyph editor and a point-and-click binding mechanism, letting them employ their specialized domain knowledge to create customized visual representations for further exploration and analysis.
Abstract: Glyphmaker allows nonexpert users to customize their own graphical representations using a simple glyph editor and a point-and-click binding mechanism. In particular, users can create and then alter bindings to visual representations, bring in new data or glyphs with associated bindings, change ranges for bound data, and do these operations interactively. They can also focus on data down to any level of detail, including individual elements, and then isolate or highlight the focused region. These features empower users, letting them employ their specialized domain knowledge to create customized visual representations for further exploration and analysis. For ease of design and use, we built Glyphmaker on top of Iris Explorer, the Silicon Graphics Inc. (SGI) dataflow visualization system. The current version of Glyphmaker has been successfully tested on a materials system simulation. We are planning a series of tests and evaluations by scientists and engineers using real data. >

Patent
22 Apr 1994
TL;DR: In this article, a system and method to automatically produce a display chart from example graphics and data values is presented, where new or existing example graphics are drawn with a programmable data processing system and the drawn graphical elements within the chart are identified.
Abstract: A system and method to automatically produce a display chart from example graphics and data values. New or existing example graphics are drawn with a programmable data processing system, and the drawn graphical elements within the chart are identified. A data value is then associated with at least one of the graphical elements, and a list of heuristics are applied to determine the visualization characteristics for the graphical elements. The display chart is then produced incorporating the visualization characteristics for the graphical elements.

Patent
04 Oct 1994
TL;DR: In this paper, a display and control system utilizes graphics for providing a clear, concise and intuitive interface between the user and a complex system, the components having a configurable relationship with one another.
Abstract: A display and control system utilizes graphics for providing a clear, concise and intuitive interface between the user and a complex system. Icons are utilized for selectively representing components of the complex system, the components having a configurable relationship with one another. The display and control system further utilizes a predefined array defining locations for the icons to be positioned. In a first embodiment, the interface may be utilized in a network for assisting the user to configure the network and for providing real-time monitoring of the network at the interconnect device. In a second embodiment, a display and control system utilizes graphics for providing a clear, concise interface between the user and a workstation for configuring a file for use with an application software program in accordance with the hardware installed in the server workstation. Each embodiment utilizes a predefined array defining locations for the icons to be positioned.

Patent
23 Aug 1994
TL;DR: In this paper, a graphics editor generates an Appearance Construction Graph (ACG) which represents an image formation process as a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) and allows complex graphics images to be constructed in a straightforward manner.
Abstract: A graphics editor generates an Appearance Construction Graph (ACG) which represents an image formation process as a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). The ACG image transformation operations (transforms), and outputs (viewable images--sinks) which can be displayed, for example, in a window of a display screen, and manipulated to construct and edit complex images. Accordingly, the displayed ACG is a user interface that permits complex graphics images to be constructed in a straightforward manner, and thus easily understood and manipulated (edited) by an operator. The nodes in the ACG are selectively interconnected by links (edges). The complex image represented by the ACG can be constructed and displayed in a viewer window on the display screen by "running" the ACG. The graphics editor "runs" the ACG by performing operations on the image fragments as defined by the interconnected nodes of the ACG. When the ACG is "run", each output (or viewer) node displays its image in a viewer window which is automatically created.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is found that 3D representations improved the ability to visualize the surface, but neither 3D renderings nor stereopsis led to a better abstract representation of the data.
Abstract: This study examines the effectiveness of four techniques to assist scientists in evaluating multidimensional data. Subjects viewed a series of complex 3D data sets, each representing an underlying ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work presents a 3D object-space antialiasing technique for volume graphics that emphasizes the production of alias-free 3D models for various volume graphics manipulations, including but not limited to the generation of aesthetically pleasing displays.
Abstract: We present a 3D object-space antialiasing technique for volume graphics. Our approach performs antialiasing once-on a 3D view-independent representation-as part of the modeling stage. Unlike antialiasing of 2D scan-converted graphics, where the main focus is on generating aesthetically pleasing displays, antialiasing of 3D voxelized graphics emphasizes the production of alias-free 3D models for various volume graphics manipulations, including but not limited to the generation of aesthetically pleasing displays. >

Patent
17 May 1994
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a multimedia effect tool for applying and controlling direction of motion, visual, and sound effects for multimedia objects, including text, graphics, and the like, in a multimedia art work.
Abstract: A multimedia authoring program includes a multimedia effect tool for applying and controlling direction of motion, visual, and sound effects for multimedia objects, including text, graphics, and the like, in a multimedia art work. The tool provides a set of palettes, each including a plurality of icons representing different motion and visual effects. The effects are applied to an object in each of a number of time segments that partition the overall duration of the object. The time segments can be enlarged or reduced as desired. For some time segments, including an entry and an exit time segment, there is an associated motion direction and visual effect palette. The motion direction palette allows selection of an icon representing a particular motion that is applied to the object during the runtime of the multimedia art work, whereby the object moves in the selected direction during the associated time segment. The visual effect palette allows the selection of an icon representing a visual effect that is applied to alter the appearance of the object during the associated time segment. The hold time segment, during which the object is stationary, has a visual effect palette for applying visual effects useful during the stationary positioning of the object. A sound effect applied to the object is controlled with a cue control and an end control for adjusting the beginning and ending points of the sound effect relative to the appearance and disappearance of the object on the display.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
02 Nov 1994
TL;DR: This paper explores how to use 3D graphics and interactive animation to design and implement visualizers that improve access to large masses of time-based information and demonstrates that advanced graphics techniques can enhance routine office information tasks.
Abstract: The increasing mass of information confronting a business or an individual have created a demand for information management applications. Time-based information, in particular, is an important part of many information access tasks. This paper explores how to use 3D graphics and interactive animation to design and implement visualizers that improve access to large masses of time-based information. Two new visualizers have been developed for the Information Visualizer: 1) the Spiral Calendar was designed for rapid access to an individual's daily schedule, and 2) the Time Lattice was designed for analyzing the time relationships among the schedules of groups of people. The Spiral Calendar embodies a new 3D graphics technique for integrating detail and context by placing objects in a 3D spiral. It demonstrates that advanced graphics techniques can enhance routine office information tasks. The Time Lattice is formed by aligning a collection of 2D calendars. 2D translucent shadows provide views and interactive access to the resulting complex 3D object. The paper focuses on how these visualizations were developed. The Spiral Calendar, in particular, has gone through an entire cycle of development, including design, implementation, evaluation, revision and reuse. Our experience should prove useful to others developing user interfaces based on advanced graphics.

Patent
08 Apr 1994
TL;DR: In this paper, a fully programmable, graphics microprocessor is embodied in a removable external memory unit for connection with a host information processing system, which can execute programs from either the program ROM, external RAM or its own internal cache RAM.
Abstract: A fully programmable, graphics microprocessor is embodied in a removable external memory unit for connection with a host information processing system. In an exemplary embodiment, a video game system is described including a host video game system and a pluggable video game cartridge housing the graphics microprocessor. The game cartridge also includes a read-only program memory (ROM) and a random-access memory (RAM). The graphics coprocessor operates in conjunction with a three bus architecture embodied on the game cartridge. The graphics processor using this bus architecture may execute programs from either the program ROM, external RAM or its own internal cache RAM. The fully user programmable graphics coprocessor has an instruction set which is designed to efficiently implement arithmetic operations associated with 3-D graphics and, for example, includes special instructions executed by dedicated hardware for plotting individual pixels in the host video game system's character mapped display which, from the programmer's point of view, creates a "virtual" bit map by permitting the addressing of individual pixels--even though the host system is character based. The graphics coprocessor interacts with the host coprocessor such that the graphics coprocessor's 16 general registers are accessible to the host processor at all times.

Patent
18 Apr 1994
TL;DR: In this paper, a memory manager divides the graphics memory address space into a first level of quadrants of equal two-dimensional size, and then further subdivides the memory into quadrants on one or more descending levels as necessary to store the storage area within.
Abstract: A computer graphics system simultaneously stores graphical storage areas of variable size in a two-dimensionally addressed graphics memory. The storage areas contain data corresponding to two-dimensional graphical images such as, for example, texture maps, mip maps, bit maps, or fonts. The graphics system manages the storage areas within the graphics memory using a quadtree that indicates the current storage state thereof. Using the quadtree, a memory manager divides the graphics memory address space into a first level of quadrants of equal two-dimensional size. The size of a storage area to be placed into the memory is compared with the size of the first level quadrants. If size is equal, then the storage area is placed into one of the quadrants. Otherwise, the memory manager further subdivides the graphics memory into quadrants on one or more descending levels as necessary to store the storage area within.

Patent
15 Dec 1994
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a support architecture for display device drivers containing a minimum of hardware-specific software code, which can support only a relatively few common functions, which act as building blocks for the larger, more complex operations typically requested by graphics engines.
Abstract: Disclosed is a support architecture that facilitates use of display device drivers containing a minimum of hardware-specific software code. A driver need support only a relatively few common functions, which act as building blocks for the larger, more complex operations typically requested by graphics engines. In order to mediate between the limited-instruction-set device driver and the various higher-level graphics engines, the invention includes a series of translation modules that simplify engine-originated instructions into simpler graphic components. A video manager supervises routing of instructions to the specific drivers they designate, and serializes access to hardware components so that graphic commands execute atomically (i.e., without interruption). The invention can accommodate multiple device drivers in parallel or serial configurations. Device drivers may be paired with specific graphics adapters, or multiple drivers, each responsive to a different graphics engine, can share a single graphics adapter. A particular driver may be selected by an application program, by a graphics engine, by a translation module, or by the video manager based on considerations of compatibility and efficiency. Ordinarily, a device driver controls the entire video display or a discrete region thereof during the time it processes a particular graphic function; however, the invention can also accommodate multiple video displays, each controlled by a separate device driver.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A parallel algorithm designed for polygon scan conversion and rendering is presented which supports fast rendering of highly complex data sets using advanced lighting models and an in-depth analysis of the overhead costs accompanying parallel processing shows where performance is adequate or could be improved.
Abstract: Using parallel processing for visualization speeds up computer graphics rendering of complex data sets. A parallel algorithm designed for polygon scan conversion and rendering is presented which supports fast rendering of highly complex data sets using advanced lighting models. Dedicated graphics rendering engines do not necessarily suit such data sets, although they can support real-time update of moderately complex scenes using simple lighting. Advantages to using a software-based approach include the feasibility of adding special rendering features to the program and the capability of integrating a parallel scientific application with a parallel graphics renderer. A new work decomposition strategy presented, called task adaptive, is based on dynamically partitioning the amount of computational work left at a given time. The algorithm uses a heuristic for dynamic task decomposition in which image space tasks are partitioned without requiring interruption of the partitioned processor. A sophisticated memory referencing strategy lets local memory access graphics data during rendering. This permits implementation of the algorithm on a distributed memory multiprocessor. An in-depth analysis of the overhead costs accompanying parallel processing shows where performance is adequate or could be improved. >

Patent
11 Apr 1994
TL;DR: A floating-point processor implements specialized graphics micro instructions as mentioned in this paper, which include a swap micro instruction which causes a hardware remapping of general purpose register groups to sort triangle vertices.
Abstract: A floating-point processor implements specialized graphics micro instructions. The specialized graphics micro instructions include a swap micro instruction which causes a hardware remapping of general purpose register groups to sort triangle vertices. The specialized graphics micro instructions also include specialized conditional branches for three dimensional geometry.

Patent
30 Jun 1994
TL;DR: In this article, an enhanced book includes additional text, graphics and sounds, the nature of which is limited solely by the ability to store the additional information in digital format, stored in a memory device attached to the book, together with a connector for allowing the enhanced book to be connected to an external computing device for accessing and presenting the enhanced information to the reader.
Abstract: An enhanced book includes, in addition to printed material, enhancing material such as additional text, graphics and sounds, the nature of which is limited solely by the ability to store the additional information in digital format, stored in a memory device attached to the book, together with a connector for allowing the enhanced book to be connected to an external computing device for accessing and presenting the enhanced information to the reader.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A system called Lens is developed that allows programmers to build rapidly (in minutes) algorithm animation-style program views without requiring any sophisticated graphics knowledge and without using textual coding and is integrated with a system debugger to promote iterative design and exploration.
Abstract: Much of the recent research in software visualization has been polarized toward two opposite domains. In one domain that we call data structure and program visualization, low-level canonical views of program structures are generated automatically. These types of views, which do not require programmer input or intervention, can be useful for testing and debugging software. Often, however, their generic, low-level views are not expressive enough to convey adequately how a program functions. In the second domain called algorithm animation, designers handcraft abstract, application-specific views that are useful for program understanding and teaching. Unfortunately, since algorithm animation development typically requires time-consuming design with a graphics package, it will not be used for debugging, where timeliness is a necessity. However, we speculate that the application-specific nature of algorithm animation views could be a valuable debugging aid for software developers as well, if only the views could be easy and rapid to create. We have developed a system called Lens that occupies a unique niche between the two domains discussed above and explores the capabilities that such a system may offer. Lens allows programmers to build rapidly (in minutes) algorithm animation-style program views without requiring any sophisticated graphics knowledge and without using textual coding. Lens also is integrated with a system debugger to promote iterative design and exploration.

Book
01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: The authoring process platforms and operating systems author interfaces authoring languages still images graphics and text audio/video animation embedding multimedia objects in other applications choosing authoring tools authoring packages case studies case studies trends in multimedia and authoring.
Abstract: The authoring process platforms and operating systems author interfaces authoring languages still images graphics and text audio/video animation embedding multimedia objects in other applications choosing authoring tools authoring packages case studies trends in multimedia and authoring. Appendices: the demo CD-ROM disc customizing the authoring tools selector vendors of multimedia hardware and authoring tools.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, real-time texture mapping capabilities of modern graphics workstations are explored with respect to their applications in a variety of relevant scenarios in interactive molecular modeling techniques, such as display and filter multichannel information of structural properties on molecular surfaces, improve the quality and accuracy of highly complex isodensity contours, increase the rendering speed of space-filling atomic representations by two orders of magnitude and apply volume-rendering techniques to large, three-dimensional density distributions in real time.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Fill algorithms for boundary-defined regions in raster graphics based on the so-called “seed fill” algorithms that use the internal connectivity of the region with a given inner point are presented.
Abstract: This paper presents fill algorithms for boundary-defined regions in raster graphics. The algorithms require only a constant-size working memory. The methods presented are based on the so-called “seed fill” algorithms that use the internal connectivity of the region with a given inner point. Basic methods, as well as additional hcuristics for speeding up the algorithm, are described and verified. Empirical results are used to compare the time complexities of the algorithms for different classes of regions.