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Graphics

About: Graphics is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17394 publications have been published within this topic receiving 411468 citations. The topic is also known as: graphic.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
06 Mar 2013-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: This work uses the Unity3D game engine to develop and prototype a biological network and molecular visualization application for subsequent use in research or education and considers this work as a proof of principle demonstrating that the functionalities of classical viewers and more advanced novel features could be implemented in substantially less time and with less development effort.
Abstract: The video games industry develops ever more advanced technologies to improve rendering, image quality, ergonomics and user experience of their creations providing very simple to use tools to design new games. In the molecular sciences, only a small number of experts with specialized know-how are able to design interactive visualization applications, typically static computer programs that cannot easily be modified. Are there lessons to be learned from video games? Could their technology help us explore new molecular graphics ideas and render graphics developments accessible to non-specialists? This approach points to an extension of open computer programs, not only providing access to the source code, but also delivering an easily modifiable and extensible scientific research tool. In this work, we will explore these questions using the Unity3D game engine to develop and prototype a biological network and molecular visualization application for subsequent use in research or education. We have compared several routines to represent spheres and links between them, using either built-in Unity3D features or our own implementation. These developments resulted in a stand-alone viewer capable of displaying molecular structures, surfaces, animated electrostatic field lines and biological networks with powerful, artistic and illustrative rendering methods. We consider this work as a proof of principle demonstrating that the functionalities of classical viewers and more advanced novel features could be implemented in substantially less time and with less development effort. Our prototype is easily modifiable and extensible and may serve others as starting point and platform for their developments. A webserver example, standalone versions for MacOS X, Linux and Windows, source code, screen shots, videos and documentation are available at the address: http://unitymol.sourceforge.net/.

274 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Extensions and refinements developed while building an open source implementation of the grammar of graphics for R, ggplot2 are described, highlighting the hierarchy of defaults, and the implications of embedding a graphical grammar into a programming language.
Abstract: A grammar of graphics is a tool that enables us to concisely describe the components of a graphic. Such a grammar allows us to move beyond named graphics (e.g., the “scatterplot”) and gain insight into the deep structure that underlies statistical graphics. This article builds on Wilkinson, Anand, and Grossman (2005), describing extensions and refinements developed while building an open source implementation of the grammar of graphics for R, ggplot2. The topics in this article include an introduction to the grammar by working through the process of creating a plot, and discussing the components that we need. The grammar is then presented formally and compared to Wilkinson’s grammar, highlighting the hierarchy of defaults, and the implications of embedding a graphical grammar into a programming language. The power of the grammar is illustrated with a selection of examples that explore different components and their interactions, in more detail. The article concludes by discussing some perceptual issues, a...

273 citations

Patent
07 Jul 1999
TL;DR: An apparatus and corresponding method for selecting multimedia information, such as video, audio, graphics and text residing on a plurality of Data Warehouses, relational database management systems (RDMS) or object-oriented database systems (ODBA) connected to the Internet or other network, and for linking the multimedia information across the Internet, or other networks, to any phrase, work, sentence and paragraph of text.
Abstract: An apparatus and corresponding method for selecting multimedia information, such as video, audio, graphics and text residing on a plurality of Data Warehouses, relational database management systems (RDMS) or object-oriented database systems (ODBA) connected to the Internet or other network, and for linking the multimedia information across the Internet, or other network, to any phrase, work, sentence and paragraph of text; or numbers; or maps; charta, and tables; or still pictures and/or graphics' or moving pictures and/or graphics; or audio elements contained in documents on an Internet or intranet web site so that any viewer of a web site, or other network resource, can directly access updated information in the Data Warehouse or a database in real time are disclosed. The apparatus and corresponding method each: (i) stores a plurality of predetermined authentication procedures (such as user names and passwords) to gain admittance to Data Warehouses or databases, (ii) stores the Universal Resource Locators of intranet and Internet addresses of a plurality of expert-predetermined optimum databases or Data Warehouses containing text, audio, video and graphic information, or multimedia information relating to the information on the web site or other network resource; (iii) stores a plurality of expert-predetermined optimum queries for use in the search engines of each of the pre-selected databases, each query representing a discrete searchable concept as expressed by a work, phrase, sentence or paragraph of text, or any other media such as audio and video on a web site, or other network resource; and (iv) presents to the user the results of a search of the Data Warehouse or database through a graphical user interface (GUI) which coordinates and correlates viewer selection criteria with the expert optimum remote database selection and queries.

273 citations

Book
01 Aug 1983

272 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Ross1
TL;DR: SADT broke new ground in the areas of problem analysis, requirements definition, and functional specification because it allowed rigorous expression of high-level ideas that previously had seemed too nebulous to treat technically.
Abstract: Embodying an organized discipline of thought and action, the SADT methodology has been successful in many applications previously thought too nebulous for technical treatment. At the time the definitive papers on SADT,* Sofrech's Structured Analysis and Design Technique, were published in 1977,1-3 the methodology had been in extensive development and use for several years. Originally introduced as a "system-blueprinting" method for documenting the architecture of large and complex systems,4 SADT had become a full-scale methodology for coping with complexity through a team-oriented, organized discipline of thought and action, accompanied by concise, complete, and readable word and picture documentation. SADT broke new ground in the areas of problem analysis, requirements definition, and functional specification because it allowed rigorous expression of high-level ideas that previously had seemed too nebulous to treat technically. In the seven years since its introduction, SADT and its derivatives and extensions have been successfully applied to hundreds of major projects in a very broad range of application areas. An overview of this application experience and a look toward the future development of SADT are the subjects of this article. What is SADT? SADT consists of two principal parts: (1) the box-and-arrow diagram-*SADT is a trademark of SofTech, Inc. ming language of structured analysis and (2) the design technique, which is the discipline of thought and action that must be learned and practiced if the language is to be used effectively. Both parts are intimately related. Without the simplicity, generality, readability, and rigor of the SA dia-gramming language, the important ideas of the DT methodology would not be sufficiently visible and tangible to be of any coherent use. But without the DT discipline, those same language features of SA would make it almost useless (so much so that in 1977 Softech laid proprietary claim to its methodology, even while placing all the specifics of the SA language in the public domain). The situation would be much like knowing the rules and notation of algebra (capable of extensive calculation in almost any domain) without having any guidance or experience in translating word problems into properly formulated expressions. Neither SA nor SADT solves problems. Both are tools that allow people to express, understand, manipulate, and check problem elements in ways previously not possible. All of SADT stems from a single premise: The human mind can accommodate any amount of complexity as long as it is presented in easy-to-grasp chunks that together …

269 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023469
20221,141
2021208
2020349
2019355
2018399