Ground freezing

About: Ground freezing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 583 publications have been published within this topic receiving 5284 citations. The topic is also known as: Ground freezing.

An Introduction to Frozen Ground Engineering

Abstract: Preface: Frozen ground Physical and thermal properties Heat flow in soils Thaw behavior of frozen ground Mechanical properties of frozen soil Construction ground freezing Foundations in frozen soil Stability of soil masses in cold regions Earthwork in cold regions Field investigations Appendix A. Symbols Appendix B. SI Units Appendix C. Laboratory and field tests on frozen soils References Index.

Engineering Treatment of Soils

Abstract: Introduction. Site investigation. Soil classification. Soil types. Exclusion techniques. Sheet piles. Contiguous bored piles and secant piles. Slurry trenches. Diaphragm walls. The character of bentonite slurry. Compressed air. Ground freezing. Introduction. Methods of ground freezing. Hydrogeology and the nature of frozen soils. Strength and behaviour of frozen ground. Drainage techniques. Filter drains. Drainage of slopes. Sand drains, sandwicks and band drains. Lime columns. Groundwater lowering. Sumps. Wellpoint systems. Ejector or educator systems. Bored wells. Settlement and groundwater abstraction. Electro-osmosis and electrochemical stabilization. Compaction and consolidation techniques. Mechanical compaction of soil. Precompression. Compaction piles. Vibrocompaction. Dynamic compaction. Explosive compaction. Soil reinforcement and soil anchors. Reinforced earth. In-situ reinforcement techniques. Soil anchors. Geosynthetic materials. Types of geosynthetic materials. Properties of geosynthetic materials. Functions of geosynthetics. Uses of geosynthetics materials. Grouts and grouting. Introduction. Properties of grouts. Penetration of grouts. Types of grout. Grouting. Soil stabilization. Cement stabilization. Lime stabilization. Other materials used for soil stabilization. Thermal stabiliziation. Appendix. References. Further reading. Index.

Modelling of cryogenic processes in permafrost and seasonally frozen soils

Abstract: This paper investigates the thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) behaviour of soils subjected to seasonal temperature variations in both permafrost and seasonally frozen conditions. Numerical modelling of soil freezing and ice segregation processes is presented, and compared against small-scale physical modelling experiments. The coupled THM model presented, which is solved by way of a transient finite element approach, considers a number of processes, including conduction, convection, phase change, the movement of moisture due to cryogenic suctions, and the development of ice lenses. Two seasonal freezing scenarios are considered: (a) for soils with no permafrost, where freezing is from the surface downward (one-sided freezing); and (b) for soils underlain by permafrost, where large thermal gradients in the uppermost permafrost layer can cause active layer freezing in two directions, from the permafrost table upwards and from the ground surface downwards (two-sided freezing). In the case of one-sided freezing, ice lens formation occurs as the freezing front advances downwards from the surface, and is limited by water supply. However, during two-sided freezing, ice segregation takes place in a closed system, with ice lenses accumulating at the base of the active layer and near the ground surface, leaving an intervening ice-poor zone. Numerical modelling is able to represent the development of both the thermal field and ice segregation observed in the physical models. The significance of this contrasting ground ice distribution is considered in the context of thaw-related slow mass movement processes (solifluction).

Ground Freezing in Practice

Abstract: This book provides an overview of the practical application of artificial ground freezing (AGF) in mining and civil engineering. It covers both the theory and the practice, along with the relationship with other geotechnical methods, and its role as "temporary work". Examples of frozen ground projects are included. Chapter headings are: (1) geotechnical processes; (2) description, sampling and testing frozen soils; (3) properties of freezing, frozen and thawed soils; (4) engineering design of frozen ground works; (5) refrigeration systems; (6) construction using AGF; (7) case examples; (8) standards and safety; (9) contractual, cost and risk evaluation considerations.