Topic
Ground granulated blast-furnace slag
About: Ground granulated blast-furnace slag is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11624 publications have been published within this topic receiving 158519 citations.
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Book•
01 Jan 1998
TL;DR: The history of calcareous cements and Portland cements can be found in this paper, where the structure and cementing qualities of cement compounds the constitution of Portland cement, the burning of Portland Cement, the hydration of PortlandCement, resistance of concrete to natural destructive agencies physical and mechanical properties of Portland cement pozzolanas and pozzolanic cements cements made from blast furnace slag high alumina cement some special cements, and cement properties cement admixtures concrete aggregates.
Abstract: The history of calcareous cements Portland cements - classification, raw materials and processes of manufacture cement components and their phase relations the structure and cementing qualities of cement compounds the constitution of Portland cement the burning of Portland cement the hydration of Portland cement the setting and hardening of Portland cement resistance of concrete to natural destructive agencies physical and mechanical properties of Portland cement pozzolanas and pozzolanic cements cements made from blast furnace slag high alumina cement some special cements and cement properties cement admixtures concrete aggregates.
1,701 citations
TL;DR: The concrete industry is known to leave an enormous environmental footprint on Planet Earth as discussed by the authors, which contributes to the general appearance that concrete is not particularly environmentally friendly or compatible with the demands of sustainable development.
Abstract: The concrete industry is known to leave an enormous environmental footprint on Planet Earth. First, there are the sheer volumes of material needed to produce the billions of tons of concrete worldwide each year. Then there are the CO2 emissions caused during the production of Portland cement. Together with the energy requirements, water consumption and generation of construction and demolition waste, these factors contribute to the general appearance that concrete is not particularly environmentally friendly or compatible with the demands of sustainable development. This paper summarizes recent developments to improve the situation. Foremost is the increasing use of cementitious materials that can serve as partial substitutes for Portland cement, in particular those materials that are by-products of industrial processes, such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag. But also the substitution of various recycled materials for aggregate has made significant progress worldwide, thereby reducing the need to quarry virgin aggregates. The most important ones among these are recycled concrete aggregate, post-consumer glass, scrap tires, plastics, and by-products of the paper and other industries.
1,120 citations
Book•
02 Apr 2003
TL;DR: Alkali-Activated Cement and Concrete as discussed by the authors is a type of Cementitious Systems that uses Alkaline Activators to activate slag cements and lime-pozzolan cements.
Abstract: Introduction 1. Alkaline Activators 2. Cementing Components 3. Hydration and Microstructure of Alkali-Activated Slag Cement 4. Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag Cement Pastes and Mortars (Under Both Atmospheric Pressure and Autoclave Conditions) 5. Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag Cement Concrete 6. Durability of Alkali-Activated Slag Cement and Concrete 7. Mix Design of Alkali-Activated Slag Cement Concrete 8. Alkali-Activated Portland Cement Based Blended Cement 9. Alkali-Activated Lime-Pozzolan Cement 10. Other Alkali-Activated Cementitious Systems 11. Applications of Alkali-Activated Cement And Concrete 12. Standards and Specifications
1,008 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors carried out a detailed environmental evaluation of geopolymer concrete production using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology and found that the production of most standard types of OPC concrete has a slightly lower impact on global warming than standard Ordinary Portland Cement.
868 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis of alkali-activated binders from blast furnace slag, calcined clay (metakaolin), and fly ash is discussed, including analysis of the chemical reaction mechanisms and binder phase assemblages that control the early-age and hardened properties of these materials.
Abstract: The development of new, sustainable, low-CO2 construction materials is essential if the global construction industry is to reduce the environmental footprint of its activities, which is incurred particularly through the production of Portland cement. One type of non-Portland cement that is attracting particular attention is based on alkali-aluminosilicate chemistry, including the class of binders that have become known as geopolymers. These materials offer technical properties comparable to those of Portland cement, but with a much lower CO2 footprint and with the potential for performance advantages over traditional cements in certain niche applications. This review discusses the synthesis of alkali-activated binders from blast furnace slag, calcined clay (metakaolin), and fly ash, including analysis of the chemical reaction mechanisms and binder phase assemblages that control the early-age and hardened properties of these materials, in particular initial setting and long-term durability. Perspectives fo...
862 citations