Showing papers on "Grounded theory published in 1990"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine three methodological questions that are generally applicable to all qualitative methods: how should the usual scientific canons be reinterpreted for qualitative research? How should researchers report the procedures and canons used in their research? What evaluative criteria should be used in judging the research products?
Abstract: Using grounded theory as an example, this paper examines three methodological questions that are generally applicable to all qualitative methods. How should the usual scientific canons be reinterpreted for qualitative research? How should researchers report the procedures and canons used in their research? What evaluative criteria should be used in judging the research products? We propose that the criteria should be adapted to fit the procedures of the method. We demonstrate how this can be done for grounded theory and suggest criteria for evaluating studies following this approach. We argue that other qualitative researchers might be similarly specific about their procedures and evaluative criteria.
9,564 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: The basics of qualitative research can be found in this article, where the authors introduce the concept of basic qualitative research (BQR) and basic of qualitative analysis (QA).
Abstract: Basics of qualitative research , Basics of qualitative research , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
7,758 citations
TL;DR: The grounded theory method is presented as a method having both phenomenological and positivistic roots, which leads to confusion and misinterpretations of the method.
1,783 citations
TL;DR: This qualitative study was designed to identify and describe characteristics of successfully adjusted older women and identified five underlying themes thought to constitute resilience: equanimity, self-reliance, existential aloneness, perseverance and meaningfulness.
Abstract: This qualitative study was designed to identify and describe characteristics of successfully adjusted older women. The participants reported a recent major loss and were considered successfully adjusted as evidenced by social involvement in a senior center, a mid level to high level of morale and self-report. Using a grounded theory approach, five underlying themes were identified: equanimity, self-reliance, existential aloneness, perseverance and meaningfulness. These themes are thought to constitute resilience. Lateral grounding of the concept resilience is accomplished by comparison with philosophical writings of Frankl, Bettelheim, Frank, May and von Witzleben. Resilience is important in late life as a component of successful psychosocial adjustment.
378 citations
TL;DR: The conclusion is drawn that promoting individualized care is not necessarily synonymous with active patient involvement as advocated in much of the literature.
Abstract: Against the background of the popularity of the concept of 'patient collaboration' in care, this paper describes, from the frame of reference of the patients, how they perceive being involved in decisions concerning their own treatment and nursing care. A convenience sample of 12 patients were selected. The data collection and analysis were informed to some extent by the approach known as grounded theory. Although only 12 in-depth interviews were conducted, one major theme emerged from the data and that was named 'toeing the line'. The data suggests that some patients are more concerned about doing what is right, that is, pleasing the nurse, than participating in decisions concerning care. It is contended that if nurses adopt practices which encourage involvement they may unwittingly coerse patients to comply. It is argued that patients will accept this situation even if they do not wish a collaborative role. Despite the small sample size, interesting questions are raised concerning the underlying rationale of patient involvement. The conclusion is drawn that promoting individualized care is not necessarily synonymous with active patient involvement as advocated in much of the literature.
277 citations
01 Jan 1990
174 citations
TL;DR: The essence of the experience of expectant and new fatherhood is laboring for relevance which consists of grappling with the reality of the pregnancy and child and struggling for recognition as a parent from mate, coworkers, friends, family, baby, and society.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe the experience of expectant and new fatherhood. The grounded theory method was used to gather data from 56 expectant and new fathers. Data were analyzed through the technique of constant comparative analysis. The essence of the experience of expectant and new fatherhood is laboring for relevance which consists of: (a) grappling with the reality of the pregnancy and child; (b) struggling for recognition as a parent from mate, coworkers, friends, family, baby, and society; and (c) plugging away at the role-making of involved fatherhood. Men were not recognized as parents but as helpmates or breadwinners which interfered with validation of the reality of the pregnancy or child. They felt excluded from the childbearing experience by their mates, health care providers, and society. Fathers found themselves without models to assist them in taking on the role of active and involved parent. The findings of this study promote greater understanding of the male experience of expectant and new parenthood and may serve as a beginning for the development of interventions to support and promote paternal behavior.
141 citations
TL;DR: The authors argue that the critical theory developed by the so-called Frankfurt School provides both a model for radical social theory and important perspectives on contemporary society and provide some historical background on the origins of critical theory and then explicate the method and project through a close reading of key methodological texts by Horkheimer.
Abstract: In this article I argue that the critical theory developed by the so-called Frankfurt School provides both a model for radical social theory and important perspectives on contemporary society I provide some historical background on the origins of critical theory and then explicate the method and project through a close reading of key methodological texts by Horkheimer I then examine the substantive contributions to contemporary social theory in the critical theory tradition and argue that they constituted the cutting edge of radical social theory from the 1940s through the 1960s Yet critical theory failed to develop as social theory thereafter, focusing instead on philosophy and cultural critique It has been postmodern theory which has attempted to articulate the current trends and new social conditions in contemporary society Consequently, if critical theory is to once again become the avant-garde of social theory, it must be reconstructed in the present age in the light of the postmodern critique a
85 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Data analysis revealed that given certain conditions--knowledge, ideology, experience--nurses engaged in responsible subversion, which raises important issues in the area of ethics and the socialization of nurses.
Abstract: The purpose of this qualitative field research was to explore and describe how nurses bend the rules for the sake of the patient. Responsible subversion is the construct that describes such behaviors. The research purpose and initial data were derived from participant-observation and interview data from a study of unprofessional behavior in hospital-based nurses. In-depth interviews with 21 nurses from four clinical areas provided additional data. The grounded theory method was used for data analysis. Data analysis revealed that given certain conditions--knowledge,ideology,experience--nurses engaged in responsible subversion. Responsible subversion involves four phases: (1) evaluating, (2) predicting, (3) rule-bending, and (4) covering. This conceptualization raises important issues in the area of ethics and the socialization of nurses.
78 citations
TL;DR: The concept of gaining access to clients as it emerged from an in-depth qualitative study of health visiting practice is explored and a detailed analysis of the processes involved in 'entering' into client situations to begin health visiting work is presented.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to explore the concept of gaining access to clients as it emerged from an in-depth qualitative study of health visiting practice. The study was conducted using a grounded theory approach to data collection and analysis. Forty-five experienced health visitors were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were tape recorded and later transcribed. A detailed analysis of the processes involved in 'entering' into client situations to begin health visiting work is presented. Entry into the client/family situation is a process which involves both obtaining access to the client in the environment where health visitor and client meet and 'entering' into the client situation more fully to continue the health visiting work. The data from this study would suggest that the work involved in entering client situations involves many strategies to ensure entry and re-entry. This process is influenced by many factors within the client, the health visitor, and the health visitor-client encounter. This paper makes a contribution to our understanding of the processes involved in everyday health visiting practice.
TL;DR: Interviews and observations of one treatment session each indicate that the primary experience of therapeutic touch is opening to the flow of the universal life energy, which includes three major categories of experience.
Abstract: The constant comparative method was used to generate a grounded theory explaining the process of therapeutic touch for seven nurses and seven patients. Interviews and observations of one treatment session each indicate that the primary experience of therapeutic touch is opening to the flow of the universal life energy. This includes three major categories of experience: (a) opening intent--allowing oneself to focus on getting the universal life energy moving again; (b) opening sensitivity--assessing the quality of its flow; and (c) opening communication--participating in a healing relationship that unblocks, engages and enlivens its movement. Further research on therapeutic touch using qualitative methodology may deepen our understanding of the inner experiences of both patients and nurses to experiences that facilitate the healing process.
TL;DR: This grounded theory study explored the perceptions of 25 couples as they underwent infertility assessment and treatment, and a substantive theory of passage through infertility treatment explains the psychosocial responses of couples to their infertility from prediagnosis to posttreatment.
Abstract: This grounded theory study explored the perceptions of 25 couples as they underwent infertility assessment and treatment. A substantive theory of passage through infertility treatment explains the psychosocial responses of couples to their infertility from prediagnosis to posttreatment. The theory consists of three concepts--engagement, immersion and disengagement. Eight stages were identified within these concepts: experiencing a dawning of awareness, facing a new reality, having hope and determination, intensifying treatment, spiralling down, letting go, quitting and moving out, and shifting the focus.
TL;DR: Melanesian Bigmanship (a meritocratic, enacted career of political-economic leadership) is recounted as an anthropological metaphor for entrepreneurship as discussed by the authors, where opportunities arise in the creation of linkages between spheres of exchange, or fields in which an object exchanges at different values.
Abstract: Melanesian Bigmanship (a meritocratic, enacted career of political-economic leadership) is recounted as an anthropological metaphor for entrepreneurship. This “library tale” has two purposes. The first is a demonstration of conceptual uses of ethnographies for developing grounded theory. Propositions are generated on entrepreneurial orientations and opportunity structures. Opportunities are seen to arise in the creation of linkages between spheres of exchange, or fields in which an object exchanges at different values. Entrepreneurial tactics, such as converting between spheres, call for skills in informal planning, astute use of timing, and networking. These “tactical” skills coexist with “moral” skills, in persuasiveness, the manipulation of norms, and recognition of culturally specific opportunities. The entrepreneur's acts thus create a dialectic of moral (normatively approved) and tactical (instrumentally enacted) changes. The second purpose is a demonstration of methodological implications of ethnog...
TL;DR: This exploratory study used qualitative research methods to identify values that influence clinical reasoning in occupational therapy and content analysis of the tapes yielded 18 distinct value statements.
Abstract: This exploratory study used qualitative research methods to identify values that influence clinical reasoning in occupational therapy. Through an interview format, selected occupational therapists ...
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01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: The role of international organisations in research in gender in education, Eileen Byrne equality between girls and boys in the primary years - a Norwegian action research project, Hildur Ve Australian research on gender education - reviewing the 1980s, Shirley Sampson women teaching in European universities - interviews and information, Margaret Sutherland.
Abstract: Part 1: grounded theory and the snark syndrome - the role of the international organisations in research in gender in education, Eileen Byrne equality between girls and boys in the primary years - a Norwegian action research project, Hildur Ve Australian research on gender in education - reviewing the 1980s, Shirley Sampson women teaching in European universities - interviews and information, Margaret Sutherland. Part 2 Research Reports: women engineers - conditions at university and in the profession women in science and technology in Australia policy review project. Part 3 Book reviews: in a different voice analyzing gender - a handbook of social science research a gender agenda.
TL;DR: This literature review describes studies in diagnostic reasoning, including research based on the information processing model, research examining the role of intuition, and research using grounded theory to study the diagnosis of specific patient conditions.
Abstract: NANDA has traditionally complemented its work on the development and clinical testing of nursing diagnoses with concurrent interest in nurses' diagnostic reasoning processes. This literature review describes studies in diagnostic reasoning, including research based on the information processing model, research examining the role of intuition, and research using grounded theory to study the diagnosis of specific patient conditions. The review presents a synthesis of the research to date, and common themes in these diverse studies are identified. This review emphasizes research in nursing, although pertinent findings from cognitive psychology and medicine are included. Suggestions for future work in diagnostic reasoning are offered.
TL;DR: The implication of this study is that although there may be a change in attitudes and approaches to mental illness and health, there are areas in psychiatric nursing which have not been fully explored.
Abstract: A qualitative research study was conducted for the purpose of gaining knowledge of the therapeutic relationship as experienced by the psychiatric nurse. Deinstitutionalisation of the mentally ill, one of the goals of the mental health policy in Sweden, has broadened the field for psychiatric nurses. Nursing education on an academic level has prepared the nurse theoretically for increased responsibility in a variety of psychiatric settings. A general psychiatric ward in a large mental institution was chosen for the field work in this study. A phenomenological perspective and aspects of Grounded Theory were combined in the research strategy of participant observation. Data were collected and analysed simultaneously. The emerging conceptual categories were abstracted to two core concepts, moral sensing and ideological conflict. These were seen as central themes of the nurse-patient relationship as experienced by the psychiatric nurse. The nurse experienced that the dominant psychiatric ideology contradicted her own ideology. In order to reduce tension caused by this conflict, the nurse sought emotional support and encouragement from her co-workers. Alliance with the group could be seen as one strategy to reduce tensions but not necessarily to solve moral issues. The implication of this study is that although there may be a change in attitudes and approaches to mental illness and health, there are areas in psychiatric nursing which have not been fully explored. The nurse experiences many conflicts which can be described as ideological. This indicates the need to examine further the value and belief system upon which ethical decision-making is based and its effect on the nurse-patient relationship in psychiatric nursing.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the methodology of a research programme designed to develop a grounded theory of pupil learning in elementary classrooms, which involves the interactive use of both quantitative and qualitative data based on extensive observational study of selected case-study pupils.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the importance of individual cognitive processes as explanations of small firm behaviour and show that concepts taken from management theory and organisation theory, are rejected by small firm managers and their models do not make proper predictions.
Abstract: enough to capture the kind of complex, capricious, and turbulent events often found in small firms. Often, our concepts fail to consider the importance of individual cognitive processes as explanations of small firm behaviour. Concepts taken from management theory and organisation theory, are rejected by small firm managers and our models do not make proper predictions. For instance, Plaschka (1987) compared 62 successful and 63 unsuccessful
TL;DR: A qualitative research design was used to analyse the experiences of dieters attending a weight loss programme and identified three stages in the process of losing weight.
Abstract: A qualitative research design (grounded theory) was used to analyse the experiences of dieters attending a weight loss programme. Two hundred hours of observations at a nationally known weight reduction centre, a review of selected documents from the organization and multiple in-depth interviews with 13 informants were the data sources for this study. Data generation took place over a 21-month period. A substantive theory of restructuring identified three stages in the process of losing weight. These stages and key elements of the weight loss process are presented.
TL;DR: In this article, a grounded theory analysis of 1,169 personal relationship ads placed in the San Francisco Bay Guardian between 1973 and 1987 was performed, revealing ad placers' attempts to balance their desire for a relation- ship partner and the need to protect themselves from possible exploitation.
Abstract: This study is a grounded theory analysis of 1,169 personal relationship ads placed in the San Francisco Bay Guardian between 1973 and 1987. The results of the coding process yielded four major categories: Up Front, Con-Avoidance, Presentation of Self as Unique, and Appeal to Fate, which are described and illustrated. These categories are integrated into a model of anticipatory relationship management. Analysis of adver- tisements reveals ad placers' attempts to balance their desire for a relation- ship partner and the need to protect themselves from possible exploitation.
TL;DR: Three of the most prominent methodologies in qualitative research are discussed: phenomenology, ethnography, and grounded theory.
Abstract: With the increasing number of qualitative research studies being published in nursing journals, pediatric nurses need to understand the different qualitative research methodologies in order to adequately critique these studies and utilize the findings in their clinical practice. Three of the most prominent methodologies in qualitative research are discussed: phenomenology, ethnography, and grounded theory. Examples of published qualitative research in pediatric nursing are described to illustrate each of the three methodologies.
TL;DR: The analysis of data from a grounded theory study of family interaction when a child has otitis media with effusion shows that families are engaged in the process of learning to manage, and some recommendations for improving current relationships between families and the health care system are made.
Abstract: The analysis of data from a grounded theory study of family interaction when a child has otitis media with effusion (OME) shows that these families are engaged in the process of learning to manage. Their relationship with the health care system, coupled with the effects of the disease on the child and the family lifestyle, has a powerful influence on how this process proceeds. In this paper, the authors discuss the impact of the family's relationship with the Canadian health care system on the development of management skills. Relationships with the health care system fluctuate forward and backward through entrusting, becoming disillusioned, learning the rules and negotiating, as families learn to manage the effects of the disease process on the child and the family. The family perspective of the quality and availability of health care at a time when health care systems throughout the world are under close scrutiny, adds to our understanding of consumer expectations. Some recommendations for improving current relationships between families and the health care system are made.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the global situation, and possible educational responses to it, challenge and transcend any contemporary educational scholasticism, and that the term "grounded theory" is to have a literal meaning, it has to do with the future of our planet and its inhabitants.
Abstract: ∗ The ecological predicament is of universal significance requiring urgent ‘focalisation’ by educational theorists and practitioners. If ever the term ‘grounded theory’ is to have a literal meaning, it has to do with the future of our planet and its inhabitants. The following article strikes beyond the bounds of current educational concerns and is an attempt at setting a crucial agenda so curiously neglected by socio‐cultural theorists of education. The global situation, and possible educational responses to it, challenge and transcend any contemporary educational scholasticism. We hope that this article will begin a new and vitally important discourse. — Ed.
Dissertation•
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on information and communication phenomena within one industrial organisation and use Kuhn's (1962) concept as a descriptive and analytical tool for evaluating the cultural perspective.
Abstract: This research is focused on information and communication phenomena
within one industrial organisation. From its intellectual situation
within the interpretive epistemological tradition the thesis seeks to
demonstrate the utility of the case study approach combined with the
style of qualitative analysis known as 'grounded theory' for scholars
interested in furthering their understanding of the information
dimension of complex organisations. More specifically, a preliminary
examination of the data set in conjunction with a theoretical position
which posited the socially and cognitive constructed nature of
organisations quite naturally led to the case study material being
interpreted through the prism of the cultural metaphor.
Chapter 1 provides an account of the methodological and research
design principles, issues and assumptions on which this research has
been predicated. Chapter 2 gives an overview of the data collected in
the form of brief summaries of the central themes which have been used
to analyse the case study organisation. The cultural perspective on
organisations is then presented in Chapter 3. Acquaintance with the
content of the cultural approach to Complex organisations is required
in order to facilitate the reader's understanding of Chapters 4-10 in
which the data are examined and analysed.
Chapter 4 gives a short introduction to the case study organisation at
which the research was conducted. Chapters 5-8 are detailed case
study analyses of four of the organisation's principal subsidiaries.
These are followed by a macro-organisational analysis which examines
the cultural and information/communication profiles that have been
developed for the subsidiaries within the total socio-organisational
context. Chapter 9's emphasis on the core categories omits some
important aspects of the organisation's culture (its strengths,
weaknesses, the issue of control and its relative stability) which are
dealt with in Chapter 10. Chapter 11 provides a description and
analysis of a new product launch conducted by the organisation: the
chapter seeks to evaluate the merits of using an approach which
emphasises information/communication and cultural variables for the
understanding and analysis of organisational behaviour.
Finally, Chapter 12 sets out some of the conclusions that can be drawn
from this research project. It takes a critical look at the research
design and methodology employed and introduces Kuhn's (1962) concept
of a paradigm which is used as a descriptive and analytical tool for
evaluating the cultural perspective. Some further conceptualisation
of the cases and the new product launch is attempted and process
models of complex organisations in general and organisational culture
in particular are derived and explained. The inter-relation of
information and communication phenomena and organisational culture is
further elaborated first normatively in the form of typologies and
second prescriptively in terms of the use value of culture for
information and communication studies. The conclusions are then
summarised and recommendations for further research are made.
TL;DR: The first attempt to establish a conceptual framework for a micropolitics of organizations is the work of as mentioned in this paper, which is a review of a book about social science writing and qualitative research.
Abstract: Probably the best thing that a social scientist can wish for is to be taken seriously. Richard Townsend's review of my book certainly takes me seriously, and I am grateful to him for that. It may seem churlish then to want to take up an offer to respond to that review, but I think there are some points of general significance, about social science writing, about qualitative research, about grounded theory, and about micropolitics that are worth taking up. Let me begin with some comments about the text itself. Social scientists have only recently begun to attend to the nature and effects of their own writing and such things as the "crisis of representation" and the "problem of inscription" (Tyler, 1985; Clifford, 1983). Social science writing is for the most part locked into a limited set of permissible modes and formats and we have failed to consider the implications of those limits for the possibilities they impose upon the adequacy or possibility of our depictions of social reality. Townsend would appear to be a defender of tradition; he clearly wants to preserve the existing constraints upon textual form. I accept that in orthodox terms Micropolitics is a somewhat problematic text. But it does need to be read in the light of the claims made for it, not in terms of criteria imposed upon it for no very good reason. If I claimed that it was a research monograph or a textbook of school organization then it could be faulted for failing to be quite either, but I do not. The first paragraph in the introduction might bear some rereading. What is Micropolitics then? Somewhat grandly I see it as a discursive intervention, an adumbration of theory where no theory exists. It is a first attempt to establish a conceptual framework for a micropolitics of organizations. (Townsend is distressed by my three cautions that the book be read as a tentative and exploratory piece. He wants me, perhaps all social science, to be definitive-and proceeds to read the text as
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Analysis of family measures data was combined with grounded theory method to assess family responses over time and recovery outcomes and containment emerged as the major conceptual category of the grounded theory.
01 Jan 1990