Showing papers on "Grounded theory published in 1993"
9,674 citations
TL;DR: The framework and findings suggest that in order to account for the experiences and outcomes associated with CASE tools, researchers should consider the social context of systems development, the intentions and actions of key players, and the implementation process followed by the organization.
Abstract: This paper presents the findings of an empirical study into two organizations' experiences with the adoption and use of CASE tools over time. Using a grounded theory research approach, the study characterizes the organizations' experiences in terms of processes of incremental or radical organizational change. These findings are used to develop a theoretical framework for conceptualizing the organizational issues around the adoption and use of these tools-issues that have been largely missing from contemporary discussions of CASE tools. The paper thus has important implications for research and practice. Specifically, the framework and findings suggest that in order to account for the experiences and outcomes associated with CASE tools, researchers should consider the social context of systems development, the intentions and actions of key players, and the implementation process followed by the organization. Similarly, the paper suggests that practitioners will be better able to manage their organizations' experiences with CASE tools if they understand that such implementations involve a process of organizational change over time and not merely the installation of a new technology.
1,683 citations
Book•
18 Nov 1993
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the role of focus groups in the development of qualitative research methods and discuss the politics of writing ethical issues in the field of qualitative analysis in qualitative research.
Abstract: Dialogue On Origins Qualitative Research - Janice M Morse Fact or Fantasy? Dialogue On Learning Qualitative Methods Abstract Knowing - Katharyn A May The Case for Magic in Method Dialogue More on Theory 'Emerging from the Data' - Janice M Morse The Cognitive Processes of Analysis in Qualitative Inquiry Dialogue The Democracy of Interpretation The Proof Is in the Pottery - Margarete Sandelowski Toward a Poetic for Qualitative Inquiry Dialogue On Qualitatively Derived Intervention Inside the Black Box - Janice M Swanson and Linda Chapman Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Conducting Evaluation Research Using a Qualitative Approach Basic Versus Applied Ethnography Evaluation Criteria and Critique of Qualitative Research Studies - Madeleine Leininger Dialogue Good Phenomenology is The Richness of Phenomenology - Marilyn A Ray Philosophic, Theoretic and Methodologic Concerns Dialogue Clarifying Phenomenological Methods Schools of Phenomenology - Marlene Zichi Cohen and Anna Omery Implications for Research Dialogue On Emic and Etic Styles of Ethnography - Joyceen S Boyle Dialogue Sorting Out the Styles On the Evaluation of Ethnographies - Majorie A Muecke Dialogue More on Muddling Methods Eroding Grounded Theory - Phyllis Noerager Stern Dialogue Questions About Focus Groups The Group Effect in Focus Groups - Martha Ann Carey Planning, Implementing, and Interpreting Focus Group Research Dialogue Using Videotaped Data Using Videotaped Recordings in Qualitative Research - Joan L Bottorff Dialogue On Mentoring Secondary Analysis in Qualitative Research - Sally Thorne Issues and Implications Dialogue On Writing It Up Qualitative Research Methods From the Reviewer's Perspective - Melanie Dreher Dialogue Researcher-Participant Relationships Research and Therapeutic Interviews - Sally Hutchinson and Holly Wilson A Poststructuralist Perspective Dialogue On Being a Stranger in the Field Research Teams - Toni Tripp-Reimer et al Possibilities and Pitfalls in Collaborative Qualitative Research Dialogue The Politics of Writing Ethical Issues in Ethnography - Juliene G Lipson Dialogue Sloppy Science Promoting Academic Integrity in Qualitative Research - Kathleen A Knafl
1,220 citations
TL;DR: The information seeking patterns of a group of research physicists and research chemists were analysed and the key features of those patterns identified and fundamental differences in information seeking behaviour could not be determined.
Abstract: The information seeking patterns of a group of research physicists and research chemists were analysed and the key features of those patterns identified. The aim was to use a similar methodology to that employed in a previous study of the information seeking activities of a group of social scientists and to effect a comparison between the information seeking patterns of the scientists and the social scientists. The information seeking patterns were derived from interviews with physicists at Manchester University and chemists at the University of Sheffield. The methodology adopted for the interviews and analysis was qualitative and based on the grounded theory approach. The results were then compared with the findings of the previous study of the social scientists to try and identify similarities and differences between the two groups. Certain minor variations concerned with awareness levels of facilities, the extent of usage of a source and the research stage at which a strategy may be employed were identified. Nonetheless, fundamental differences in information seeking behaviour could not be determined. Finally, the extent to which developments in electronic communication have had any impact on the information or communication patterns of the scientists and social scientists is considered.
571 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors employed the grounded theory approach to derive models of the information-seeking patterns of academic researchers, with particular attention being given to the conceptual questions of analysis, comparison, and validity and to the practical issues of data recording, coding, and selection.
Abstract: The focus of this article is the employment of the grounded theory approach to derive models of the information-seeking patterns of academic researchers The background to the development of interest in qualitative approaches to information studies in the United Kingdom is described, and the results of four studies, carried out at the University of Sheffield, into the information-seeking patterns of researchers in the social sciences, sciences, and humanities are outlined The methodological issues involved in the employment of the grounded theory approach in the studies are discussed-with particular attention being given to the conceptual questions of analysis, comparison, and validity and to the practical issues of data recording, coding, and selection Reference is also made to other studies carried out at the University of Sheffield that have employed the grounded theory approach
438 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: This book presents a meta-thesis on the construction of strategy and theory in the context of multi-strategy research, which aims to provide a scaffolding for the development of new strategies.
Abstract: Preface. 1. Research Strategy and Theory Construction. 2. Middle--Range Theory and Research. 3. Grounded Theory and Field Research. 4. Grounded Theory on a Broader Canvass. 5. A Resource Map for Research. 6. Data and Method in Multi--Strategy Research. 7. Research Strategy and Theory Building. 8. Investigating Power, Commitment and Constraint. 9. The Historical Dimension. 10. New Strategies: Some Reflections and a Practical Guide. References. Index.
350 citations
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TL;DR: The authors reworks the concept of genre from rhetorical, dialectical, and dialogic perspectives and applies it to a specific literacy practice, medical record keeping, evolving in a specific context.
Abstract: This study reworks the concept of genre from rhetorical, dialectical, and dialogic perspectives. From these perspectives, genre is redefined as a stabilized-for-now or stabilized-enough site of social and ideological action. This definition is then applied to a specific literacy practice—medical record keeping—evolving in a specific context—a veterinary college. Data were gathered during a 6-month ethnographic study of the college. The larger research project focused on the teaching and learning practices that constituted literacy, i.e., the ways of speaking, reading, writing, and listening characteristics of veterinary medicine. The project consisted of interviews, observation, and document collection. Triangulation was achieved both within and between methods. Data were analyzed using Glaser and Strauss's “grounded theory” techniques. When the concept of genre is applied to medical record keeping, the complexity of this literacy practice becomes apparent. A specific record-keeping system—the Problem Ori...
280 citations
250 citations
TL;DR: This article examined how fathers of young children (one child < 6 years of age) shaped fatherhood roles according to various models in their lives and found that there was a void with respect to identifiable and meaningful role models.
Abstract: One of the reasons that the “conduct” of fatherhood has been slow to change is lack of exposure to appropriate paternal role models. This research was designed to examine how fathers of young children (one child < 6 years of age) shaped fatherhood roles according to various models in their lives. Following the qualitative research principles of grounded theory and comparative analysis, three key themes emerged. First, there was a void with respect to identifiable and meaningful role models. Their own fathers were not seen as good role models. Second, these fathers tended not to model their behavior after a particular individual, but, rather, their models were fragmented as they selected particular behaviors to incorporate into their roles. A third theme to emerge was the emphasis that was placed by these men on providing a role model to their children, in the absence of role models in their own lives.
250 citations
TL;DR: A model was formulated according to which quality of care can be understood in the light of two conditions, the resource structure of the care organization and the patient's preferences, which is discussed in relation to existing theories in the field.
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to develop a theoretical understanding of quality of care from a patient perspective, using a grounded theory approach. Thirty-five interviews were conducted with a sample of 20 adult hospitalized patients (mean age: 60 years) in a clinic for infectious diseases. Data were analysed according to the constant comparative method. A model was formulated according to which quality of care can be understood in the light of two conditions, the resource structure of the care organization and the patient's preferences. The resource structure of the care organization consists of person-related and physical- and administrative environmental qualities. The patient's preferences have a rational and a human aspect. Within this framework, patients' perceptions of quality of care may be considered from four dimensions: the medical-technical competence of the caregivers; the physical-technical conditions of the care organization; the degree of identity-orientation in the attitudes and actions of the caregivers and the socio-cultural atmosphere of the care organization. The model is discussed in relation to existing theories in the field.
236 citations
Book•
20 Oct 1993
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a grounded theory approach for managing chronic illnesses alone in later life, using a variety of grounded theories from fiction and non-fiction, such as Sisyphus at Work, Sisysphus' at Work Examining Social Work/Physician Collaboration, and this article.
Abstract: PART ONE: GROUNDED THEORY Introduction Managing Chronic Illness Alone in Later Life - Denise Burnette Sisyphus at Work Examining Social Work/Physician Collaboration - Julie S Abramson and Terry Mizrahi An Application of Grounded Theory Methods Explorations of Pregnancy and Choice in a High-Tech Age - Robin Gregg PART TWO: NARRATIVE APPROACHES Introduction Private Pain and Public Behaviors - Robin A Robinson Sexual Abuse and Delinquent Girls Woman Battering as a Marital Act - Margareta Hyden Interviewing and Analysis in Context Making Sense of Marital Violence - Catherine Kohler Riessman One Woman's Narrative PART THREE: SUBJECTIVITY MATTERS Introduction Disparities in the Social Construction of Long-Term Care - Rhoda Hurst Rojiani Welfare Workers' Response to Homeless Welfare Applicants - Cate Solomon Reflections on a Journey - Cheryl Hyde A Research Story Modeling Theory from Fiction and Autobiography - Suzanne E England
TL;DR: Several of the most commonly held misconceptions in nursing, particularly those related to the meanings and derivations ascribed to "grounded theory," "symbolic interactionism," and "ethnography," are examined.
Abstract: This article expands the dialogue on interpretive research methodology, locating this set of approaches within a broad historical and interdisciplinary context. Several of the most commonly held misconceptions in nursing, particularly those related to the meanings and derivations ascribed to "grounded theory," "symbolic interactionism," and "ethnography," are examined. The interpretive research approaches not only have gained broader acceptance across disciplines, but also have shifted in more radical and often less structured directions during the past decade. Several pivotal areas of these ongoing shifts are analyzed for their relevance to nursing research: the influence of critical and feminist theory and postmodernism, the ambiguity inherent in both every-day life and the research enterprise, the importance of locating the researcher, power and status inequities, the problematic aspects of language, meaning, and representation, and the emphasis on reflexivity and context as constitutive of meaning.
TL;DR: The authors propose that, by nature, inquiry, discovery, and theoretical interpretation coexist simultaneously and must be recognized as such if the theory-research linkage is to advance nursing science through qualitative research.
Abstract: Increasingly philosophers and scientists have affirmed that all knowledge is theory-laden and that methods are theory-driven. These assertions raise important questions related to the role of theory in qualitative research. There are scholars who propose that qualitative research can enhance understanding and expand theoretical knowledge from a disciplinary perspective. And there are others who contend that qualitative inquiry is purely inductive and that its validity can therefore be judged by the extent to which preconceived theory is absent from it. The purpose of this article is to examine three qualitative methods, grounded theory, ethnography, and phenomenology, and their use in nursing in order to explicate the role of theory in knowledge development. The authors propose that, by nature, inquiry, discovery, and theoretical interpretation coexist simultaneously and must be recognized as such if the theory-research linkage is to advance nursing science through qualitative research.
TL;DR: A study of first-year undergraduate students undertaking a course which provides opportunities for role modelling as a means of discovering the knowledge embedded in clinical practice indicated that the major aspect of nursing uncovered by the students through observation of clinical role models was that of provision of direct care.
Abstract: Those responsible for the education of nurses are well aware of the need to reconcile the art and science of nursing so that future practitioners can be prepared to offer a humanistic and professional service to society One way to assist students in this integration is to provide them with opportunities for role modelling as a means of discovering the knowledge embedded in clinical practice A study of first-year undergraduate students undertaking a course which provides such opportunities in a number of practice settings was earned out to determine whether the observation of clinical role models does lead to knowledge discovery The study, which used a grounded theory approach, indicated that the major aspect of nursing uncovered by the students through observation of clinical role models was that of provision of direct care They articulated their values in relation to ‘good’ and ‘bad’ care and identified those attributes of nurses which they considered contributed to these care positions In addition, they were able to recognize creativity and flexibility in practitioners and to relate these attributes to the ability to provide individualized, context-specific care There was some uncovering of aspects of the nurse's role in maintaining their own professional competence, socializing neophytes into the profession and collaborating with the members of the multi-disciplinary health care team
TL;DR: This study utilized grounded theory to examine the psychosocial processes associated with athletic injuries and emerged a four-phase model that appeared throughout the model were “running the risks” and “opening to the messages".
Abstract: This study utilized grounded theory to examine the psychosocial processes associated with athletic injuries. Seven competitive athletes were interviewed about their experience of being injured. A four-phase model emerged from the data. The phases were (a) getting injured, (b) acknowledging the injury, (c) dealing with the impact of the injury, and (d) achieving a physical and psychosocial outcome. Two additional categories that characterized the process were “ignoring the lessons” (relapsing) and “acting on the lessons” (attempting to prevent injuries). Two basic psychosocial processes (BPPs) that appeared throughout the model were “running the risks” and “opening to the messages.” The present study was discussed with respect to its contribution to the literature and directions for future research.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the issue of teacher stress through examination of the experiences of 57 teachers and educational administrators who had resigned from the New South Wales Department of School Education.
Abstract: This paper explores the issue of teacher stress through examination of the experiences of 57 teachers and educational administrators who had resigned from the New South Wales Department of School Education. Data were gathered through open-ended interviews and analysed using grounded theory techniques. After examining the experiences of 10 of the 57 respondents, overall findings are related to the literature followed by recommendations for the educational system concerned which may well have wider significance. While stress was not found to be the only cause of teacher resignation, it was found to be part of the day to day lives of teachers and a significant contributing factor to resignation.
TL;DR: Grounded theory provided the methodological framework for data collection and analysis and common strategies of caregivers included taking one day at a time, living fully in the present, and actualizing future dreams.
Abstract: The study purpose was to provide an in-depth description of experiences associated with loss and dying among AIDS family caregivers. Grounded theory provided the methodological framework for data collection and analysis. In-depth interviews were conducted with 53 family caregivers of persons with AIDS and included individuals from family of origin and family of choice. Living with loss and dying was identified as a major substantive category and was further explicated in two subcategories: facing loss and transformed time. Common strategies of caregivers included taking one day at a time, living fully in the present, and actualizing future dreams. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
TL;DR: Nurses working in home care and elderly clients were interviewed to ascertain the process of developing a trusting relationship and the core category encompassed trusting which is developed and the caring which the nurses provide.
Abstract: Trusting as an area of research has not been critically examined in nursing research literature. In this study, nurses working in home care and elderly clients were interviewed to ascertain the process of developing a trusting relationship. Data were obtained from seven home care nurses and six elderly clients who were interviewed from one to three times. The data were analysed using grounded theory methodology and sorted using Microsoft Word software on a Macintosh computer. The core category which was identified in the data was labelled 'trusting, caring relationships'. This core category encompassed trusting which is developed and the caring which the nurses provide. Home care nurses and elderly clients moved through four phases: initial trusting; connecting; negotiating; and helping. The findings have implications for novice nurses working with elderly people, as well as for programme development and education. More research needs to be done on trust in different contexts to assist all nurses in establishing nurse-client relationships.
TL;DR: Analysis of 37 semistructured interviews revealed three types of interactions among nurses, interpreters, and clients, which allowed both interpreters and community health nurses to establish the most effective rapport with clients.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to present the findings made in a field study of nurses and interpreters who were working in a county health department. Informed by the qualitative research method of grounded theory, analysis of 37 semistructured interviews revealed three types of interactions among nurses, interpreters, and clients. In these situations, the interpreter worked as a voice box, an excluder, or a collaborator. Collaborative interactions allowed both interpreters and community health nurses to establish the most effective rapport with clients. Rapport, in turn, facilitated client assessment and the planning and delivery of nursing services. Implications for community health nursing practice include providing opportunities for interpreters to establish a rapport with clients. Research implications include the development of strategies that promote collaboration between community health nurses and interpreters. Theoretically, such strategies would enhance client outcomes.
TL;DR: In this paper, a descriptive model of conflict-handling behavior was developed in an inductive investigation aimed at overcoming problems of assuming two dimensions of conflict behavior, and the model delineates and defines strategy categories based on actor-salient aspects of specific behavior in specific situations.
Abstract: A descriptive model of conflict-handling behavior was developed in an inductive investigation aimed at overcoming problems of assuming two dimensions of conflict behavior. The model delineates and defines strategy categories based on actor-salient aspects of specific behavior in specific situations. Ninety full-time employees of different organizations provided written accounts of recent conflicts in which they were involved at work. Using a grounded theory approach, strategy descriptions were subjected to constant comparison analysis. The emergent categories were then expanded into a three-dimensional taxonomic model of conflict-handling behavior. Further development of the model is addressed and advocated. Finally, implications for theory and research are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the applications and interpretations of the extensively used, but seldom defined, concept of "quality" as it relates to contemporary nursing care, and employed an inductive approach to describe and explain the use and meaning of the concept; data generated from the literature were also analysed to identify the predominant attributes or characteristics of quality associated with health care.
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the findings of a qualitative study of ten persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) based upon a series of in-depth interviews conducted over a period of 12 months.
Abstract: This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study of ten persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) based upon a series of in-depth interviews conducted over a period of 12 months. Data was analysed with procedures similar to those utilised by grounded theory and ethnographic researchers, and resulted in a typology that reflected different experiences of living with TBI as well as different meanings it had for persons with TBI. A thematic analysis of the data yielded information about self, disability and handicap, and involvement in social networks; and, reflected the participants' sense of personal well-being. This analysis provided an alternative to the data yielded by traditional quantitative research designs.
TL;DR: The concept of benevolence was identified as a central motivating factor in the nurses' own accounts of situations in which decisions were made on behalf of the patient.
Abstract: Fourteen experienced nurses participated in an explorative study aimed at describing the experiential aspects of moral decision making in psychiatric nursing practice. In-depth interviews were conducted according to the grounded theory method. These were transcribed, coded and categorized in order to generate conceptual categories. The concept of benevolence was identified as a central motivating factor in the nurses' own accounts of situations in which decisions were made on behalf of the patient. This seems to conceptualize the nurses' expressed aim to do that which is 'good' for the patient in responding to his or her vulnerability. This study indicates the need for further research into the subjective, experiential aspect of ethical decision making from a contextual perspective.
TL;DR: Findings from the study indicate that current evaluation practices in nursing education may negatively impact students' abilities to learn independent nursing judgment.
Abstract: Baccalaureate nursing students' perceptions of learning clinical judgment were investigated using grounded theory methodology. Comparative analysis of the qualitative data resulted in the development of a preliminary theoretical model, competence validation (Loving, 1991), a construct describing the process by which the student's identity as a competent nurse is established. The author postulates that the outcomes of competence validation vary according to students' perceptions of educational context. Two educational contexts, learning and evaluation, are described. Students' perceptions of educational context influence their motivational orientation which, subsequently, affects students' development of cognitive flexibility, the ability to find and apply information that is appropriate to patient problem solution. Findings from the study indicate that current evaluation practices in nursing education may negatively impact students' abilities to learn independent nursing judgment.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This exploratory, longitudinal study systematically analyzed the dimensions of the return-to-work experience that were evident in data from 19 unstructured interviews and found the core social process suggested by the data is one of mobilizing social support in the work environment.
Abstract: Maintaining employment after a cancer diagnosis and even during therapy is becoming a major challenge for an increasing number of individuals. The purpose of this study was to further understanding of the experience of returning to work after a cancer diagnosis by discovering the nature and processes of the experience's dimensions. This exploratory, longitudinal study systematically analyzed the dimensions of the return-to-work experience that were evident in data from 19 unstructured interviews. Grounded theory methods of study design and constant comparative analysis guided the interviews and data analysis. The core social process suggested by the data is one of mobilizing social support in the work environment. The inceptive theory explains and delineates steps in a process that ultimately facilitates a person's reintegration of normal activities after a cancer diagnosis. The added understanding available in these results can guide nurses to focus not only on related dimensions of the return-to-work experience, such as time off for treatment, but on central concerns, such as the social benefits of returning to work.
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the subjects' own descriptions of stressful situations related to their impaired hearing and use the constant comparative method for grounded theory described by Glaser & Strauss to gain a deeper understanding of the handicap creation process.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the handicap creation process. Twelve hearing-impaired middle-aged subjects were interviewed monthly for 5 months. The interviews focused on the subjects' own descriptions of stressful situations related to their impaired hearing. The analysis of the interviews was influenced by the constant comparative method for grounded theory described by Glaser & Strauss. The primary aim of this inductive method is to generate a theory, models, or concepts from the data rather than to verify an existing theory. Eight categories were grunded in the present data, describing potential situations for a handicap to arise. These formed two higher order categories or concepts: situations related to environmental factors and situations related to life habits. The results of the study fitted in well with the proposed revision of the World Health Organisation definition of handicap, as well as with a Swedish version of an environmentally-related definition. I...
TL;DR: In this paper, the core concept that emerged was "giving up" and supporting concepts were helplessness and fear of the unknown, and participants found it easier to give up and return to the abusive relationship than to seek alternatives.
Abstract: Within the last decade intrafamilial violence has been identified as a major health and social problem. Women in particular are at high risk for battering and often seek refuge in shelters. Empirical evidence is required regarding the experiences of battered women who use these shelters. Therefore, we collected qualitative data from interviews with seven battered women and by observation in ten group counseling sessions at a shelter in the Southeast. Using grounded theory methodology, the core concept that emerged was "giving up." Supporting concepts were helplessness and fear of the unknown. The participants found it easier to give up and return to the abusive relationship than to seek alternatives. Language: en
TL;DR: The authors used a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods to assess graduate psychology students' perceptions of the scientist-practitioner model and their definition of science, career interests, and shaping experiences.
Abstract: Since its inception over forty years ago, there has been considerable controversy regarding the viability of the scientist-practitioner model for training professional psychologists. The present study utilized a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods to assess graduate psychology students' (n=24) perceptions of this training model. Counselling, clinical, and school psychology students participated in semi-structured interviews and were administered the Vocational Preference Inventory, Form B (Holland, 1977) and the Scientist-Practitioner Inventory (Leong & Zachar, 1991). Data were analyzed using a combination of grounded theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) and additional qualitative data analytic approaches (Miles & Huberman, 1984). A number of patterns were observed between students' perceptions and feelings about the scientist-practitioner model and their definition of science, career interests, and shaping experiences. Implications for the future training of professional psyc...
TL;DR: In this paper, a grounded theory of missionary reacculturation incorporating the perspectives of individual members and the dynamics of three missionary family systems is presented. But this theory is not applicable to our case.
Abstract: Case descriptions and a grounded theory of missionary reacculturation were generated incorporating the perspectives of individual members and the dynamics of three missionary family systems. Repatr...