Showing papers on "Grounded theory published in 2003"

Situational Analyses: Grounded Theory Mapping After the Postmodern Turn

Abstract: To better address differences and complexities of social life articulated through the postmodern turn, grounded theory is being regenerated and updated. Based on Strauss's ecological frameworks in his social worlds and arenas theory, I offer situational maps and analyses as innovative supplements to the basic social process analyses characteristic of traditional grounded theory. There are three kinds of analytic maps: maps of situations including all the key human and nonhuman elements, maps of social worlds and arenas, and maps of positionality along salient analytic axes. This article introduces all three kinds of maps and explicates one—situational maps—as a means of coherently elucidating and analyzing some of the complexities and instabilities of social life.

Qualitative research in psychology : expanding perspectives in methodology and design

Abstract: Ways of Looking at the World - Epistemological Issues in Qualitative Research: Naming the Stars - Integrating Qualitative Methods into Psychological Research, Paul Camic, Jean Rhodes and Lucy Yardley On the Art and Science of Qualitative Research - Concerns and Aspirations, Elliot Eisner Methodology Makes Meaning - How Both Qualitative and Quantitative Paradigms Shape Research Evidence and its Interpretation, Joseph McGrath and Bettina Johnson Dancing Through Minefields - Toward a Qualitative Stance in Psychology, Jeanne Maracek. Methodologies for Qualitative Researchers in Psychology - The Nuts, The Bolts, and the Finished Product: Discourse Analysis and Discursive Psychology, Jonathan Potter Narrative Psychology and Narrative Analysis, Michael Murray Video Methods in Qualitative Research, Donald Ratcliff Grounded Theory in Psychological Research, Karen Henwood and Nick Pidgeon The Listening Guide - A Voice-Centred Relational Model, Carol Gilligan and Renee Spencer Participatory Action Research, Michelle Fine, Rosemarie Roberts, Maria Torre, Debra Upegui, Iris Bowen, Kathy Boudin, Judy Clark, Donna Hylton, Migdalia Martinez, Pamela Smart, Missy Watkins Balancing the Whole - Portraiture as Methodology, Jessica Davis Ethnographic Methods - Applications from Developmental Cultural Psychology, Peggy J. Miller, Julie A. Hengst and Su-hua Wang The Descriptive Phenomenological Psychological Method, Amedeo Giorgi and Barbro Giorgi The Psychoanalytic Interview as Qualitative Research, Steinar Kvale.

Rigour and grounded theory research

Abstract: Background Grounded theory methodology is a suitable qualitative research approach for clinical inquiry into nursing practice, leading to theory development in nursing. Given the variations in, and subjectivity attached to, the manner in which qualitative research is carried out, it is important for researchers to explain the process of how a theory about a nursing phenomenon was generated. Similarly, when grounded theory research reports are reviewed for clinical use, nurses need to look for researchers' explanations of their inquiry process. Aim The focus of this article is to discuss the practical application of grounded theory procedures as they relate to rigour. Method Reflecting on examples from a grounded theory research study, we suggest eight methods of research practice to delineate further Beck's schema for ensuring, credibility, auditability and fittingness, which are all components of rigour. Findings The eight methods of research practice used to enhance rigour in the course of conducting a grounded theory research study were: (1) let participants guide the inquiry process; (2) check the theoretical construction generated against participants' meanings of the phenomenon; (3) use participants' actual words in the theory; (4) articulate the researcher's personal views and insights about the phenomenon explored; (5) specify the criteria built into the researcher's thinking; (6) specify how and why participants in the study were selected; (7) delineate the scope of the research; and (8) describe how the literature relates to each category which emerged in the theory. Conclusions The eight methods of research practice should be of use to those in nursing research, management, practice and education in enhancing rigour during the research process and for critiquing published grounded theory research reports.

A critique of using grounded theory as a research method

Abstract: Grounded Theory is a powerful research method for collecting and analysing research data. It was 'discovered' by Glaser & Strauss (1967) in the 1960s but is still not widely used or understood by researchers in some industries or PhD students in some science disciplines. This paper demonstrates the steps in the method and describes the difficulties encountered in applying Grounded Theory (GT). A fundamental part of the analysis method in GT is the derivation of codes, concepts and categories. Codes and coding are explained and illustrated in Section 3. Merging the codes to discover emerging concepts is a central part of the GT method and is shown in Section 4. Glaser and Strauss's constant comparison step is applied and illustrated so that the emerging categories can be seen coming from the concepts and leading to the emergent theory grounded in the data in Section 5. However, the initial applications of the GT method did have difficulties. Problems encountered when using the method are described to inform the reader of the realities of the approach. The data used in the illustrative analysis comes from recent IS/IT Case Study research into configuration management (CM) and the use of commercially available computer products (COTS). Why and how the GT approach was appropriate is explained in Section 6. However, the focus is on reporting GT as a research method rather than the results of the Case Study.

Qualitative educational research in action : doing and reflecting

Abstract: 1 The case for students' accounts of qualitative educational research in action Thomas A O'Donoghue & Keith E Punch 2 Grounded theory illuminates interpersonal relationships: an educator's perspective Elizabeth Tuettemann 3 Reflecting on the value and use of the edited topical life history: a research approach Beverley Ward 4 Phenomenology: the quest for meaning Lisa Catherine Ehrich 5 Methodological framings for a policy trajectory study Lesley Vidovich 6 Reflections on a qualitative investigation of critical literacies and the teaching of English Peter Stewart & Marnie O'Niell 7 Meaning and method: using metaphors in qualitative research Helen Wildy 8 A research narrative: confronting the tensions of a methodological struggle Tania Aspland 9 Reflections on a social semiotic approach to discourse analysis in educational research Anne Chapman 10 The route less travelled: reflections on research for the Phd by publication Anthony Potts

Collecting and analyzing qualitative data for system dynamics: methods and models

Abstract: System dynamics depends heavily upon quantitative data to generate feedback models. Qualitative data and their analysis also have a central role to play at all levels of the modeling process. Although the classic literature on system dynamics strongly supports this argument, the protocols to incorporate this information during the modeling process are not detailed by the most influential authors. Data-gathering techniques such as interviews and focus groups, and qualitative data analysis techniques such as grounded theory methodology and ethnographic decision models could have a strong, critical role in rigorous system dynamics efforts. This article describes some of the main qualitative, social science techniques and explores their suitability in the different stages of the modeling process. Additionally, the authors argue that the techniques described in the paper could contribute to the understanding of the modeling process, facilitate communication among modelers and clients, and set up a methodological framework to promote constructive discussion around the merits of qualitative versus quantitative modeling. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Bullying in the nursing profession

Abstract: Background. Self-esteem is a major predictor of behaviour. Nurses with healthy self-esteem are likely to deliver therapeutic patient care, while those with low self-esteem are less likely to do so. Aim. The aim of the 3-year study discussed here was to explore students’ self-esteem and how their experiences of preregistration education influenced its development over the period of the programme. Research methods. Students participated in unstructured qualitative interviews at the beginning and end of their 3-year preregistration course and a grounded theory approach was used for data collection and analysis. Findings. Bullying was found to be commonplace in the transition to becoming a nurse. Students were bullied and also witnessed patients being bullied by qualified nurses. The internalization of nursing norms meant that students then bullied others. Students’ self-esteem was low. Conclusion. Bullying, and its effects on self-esteem, are perpetuated by practices within nursing. This situation will only be changed if nurses and educators transform their practice and the context in which bullying occurs. Otherwise, each new generation of nurses will continue to be socialized into negative practices which undermine both their own feelings of self-worth and standards of nursing care.

Research Methods in Accounting

Abstract: Introduction and Overview Theory as Testable Explanation A Critical Approach to Accounting Research Developing the Research Idea The Research Sequence Emergence of the Research Topic Conceptual Frameworks The Structure of DNA: The Development of New Theory The Bradman Problem: The Development of New Strategies The Longitude Problem: Implementing Solutions Strategic Management Accounting Theory, Literature and Hypotheses Sources of Theory Searching the Literature Modeling the Relationship Developing the Hypotheses Validity Concerns Data Collection Choosing a Research Method Sample Selection Measurement Issues Data Management Qualitative Research Verbal Protocols Data Analysis Descriptive Statistics Differences in Sample Means Measures of Association Analysis of Variance Multivariate Model-Building Research Ethics in Accounting The Ethics Quiz Informed Consent Ethical Guidelines Experimental Research The Problem Statement Theory and Context Experimental Design The Validity Trade-off Quasi-Experimental Research Survey Research Mail Surveys Design and Planning Issues Pilot Testing Data Collection Measurement Error Interview Methods Fieldwork Case Study Methods The Qualitative Analysis Protocol Grounded Theory Archival Research Cross-Section Data Time-Series Data The Validity Trade-off in Archival Research Content Analysis Critical Analysis Supervision and Examination Processes The Role of the Supervisor Examiner Profiles The Examination Process Turning Research into Publications Why Publish? Where to Publish? What to Publish? How to Publish? Concluding Remarks

Introduction to Research Methods and Data Analysis in Psychology

Abstract: SECTION 1: INTRODUCING RESEARCH METHODS. 1. Research in the Social Sciences. 2. Variables - definitions and measurement. 3. Reliability, Validity, Sampling and Groups. 4. Collecting Data 1 - Interviews, observation, and questionnaires. 5. Collecting Data 2 - Experimental and quasi-experimental designs. SECTION 2: ANALYSING QUANTITATIVE DATA USING SPSS FOR WINDOWS. 6. Fundamentals of statistics. 7. Entering and manipulating data. 8. Graphical representation and descriptive statistics. 9. Bivariate analysis 1 - Exploring differences between variables. 10. Bivariate analysis 2 - Exploring relationships between variables. 11. Analysis of variance. 12. Regression. SECTION 3: ANALYSING QUALITATIVE DATA. 13. Fundamentals of qualitative analysis. 14. Transcription, coding and organising textual data. 15. Phenomenological Research Methods. 16. Grounded Theory. 17. Ethnography and Life-story research. 18. Discourse analysis. 19. The use of computers in qualitative research. SECTION 4: REPORTING FINDINGS. 20. Ethnics and politics of psychological research. 21. Reporting and presenting findings.

Building Grounded Theories of Management Action

Abstract: This paper presents a structured approach to grounded theory-building. It is aimed at 'mode 2' (Gibbons et al., 1994) management researchers, in particular those who analyse recollections of past events, often recorded in interview data, to develop explanations of management action. Two characteristics of mode 2 enquiry - transdisciplinarity and an emphasis on tacit knowledge - make grounded theory potentially attractive to mode 2 researchers. However, the approach offered here differs in two important ways from the much-cited universal grounded theory model originated by Glaser and Strauss (1967) and later proceduralized by Strauss and Corbin (1990). First, it acknowledges that the form of theories of management action which will satisfy the contemporary demands of mode 2 research is different from the form of integrated sociological theory for which the original grounded theory approach was developed. Second, it takes account of differences between the ontological assumptions underlying the use of retrospective data for analysing management action, and those associated with participant observation, the pivotal strategy of grounded theory's symbolic interactionist roots. The result is a simplified, more direct approach which works for the specific purpose of generating useful, consensually valid theory.

Influences on Ethnic Identity Development of Latino College Students in the First Two Years of College.

Abstract: In this qualitative study, I use grounded theory methodology to investigate the influences on the ethnic identity development of 10 Latino/a students during their first two years at a highly selective college. The findings indicate that two categories were salient in the first two years: Situating Identity (conditions: environment where they grew up, family influence and generational status, and self-perception of status in society) and Influences on Change (conditions: psychosocial and cognitive development). Conditions and subprocesses involved in each of the categories are discussed.

Elaborating Analytic Ethnography: Linking Fieldwork and Theory

Abstract: Among the diverse styles of qualitative methodology is what John Lofland referred to as `analytic ethnography.' In contrast to the traditional interpretive style that attempts to get at the crux of `what is going on', to the more formal approach that seeks to identify the cognitive rules undergirding behavior, and to the more recent postmodern preoccupation with individual experience and voices, analytic ethnography seeks to develop systematic and generic understandings and propositions about social processes. In this article we elaborate analytic ethnography beyond Lofland's original statement by articulating how it can contribute to theoretical development through conceptual refinement and theoretical extension as well as through the more traditional development of grounded theory. We discuss and illustrate these three strategies for theoretical development by drawing on various field studies, including our own, and by suggesting the conditions propitious to each strategy.

Creating metasummaries of qualitative findings.

Abstract: ? Background: The translation and grounded theory techniques typically cited as the method for producing qualitative metasyntheses do not lend themselves well to qualitative survey findings as they do not contain the integrating concepts o controlling metaphors upon which these techniques depend ? Objectives: The purpose of this article is to describe a process for creating metasummaries of qualitative survey findings. ? Methods: This article is based on completed work in an ongoing methodological study aimed at developing a usable and transparent protocol for combining the findings in reports of health-related qualitative studies. The sample for this work included 45 published and unpublished reports of qualitative studies of HIV-positive women with findings on motherhood, 39 of which contained findings in the form of surveys of cata. Almost 800 findings were extracted. These extracted findings were reduced to 93 abstracted findings, and manifest frequency and intensity effect sizes were calculated ? Results: Five findings had effect sizes ranging from 25-60% with both published and unpublished reports contributing about equally to the strength of these findings. Seventy-three findings had effect sizes of <9%, 47 of them with effect sizes of only 2%, in most of these cases, only one work contained the finding and these works had generally fewer space restrictions. Four reports with few space restrictions contained 63% of the findings across all 45 reports. ? Conclusions: Qualitative metasummaries are useful end products of research integration studies involving reports of "indings in the form of qualitative surveys, and may serve as a foundation for qualitative metasyntheses.

The A-Z of social research : a dictionary of key social science research concepts

Abstract: Abduction and Retroduction Action Research A Case Study Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Attitudes Biographical Method CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing) Case Study Causation Central Tendency Child Research Comparative Analysis Computer Simulation of Social Processes Constructionism, Social Content Analysis Contingency Tables Conversation Analysis Correlation and Regression Critical Theory Cultural Analysis Data Archives Deduction Diaries, Self-Completion Discourse Analysis Dispersion and the Normal Distribution Documentary Sources Ecological Fallacy E-Mail as a Research Tool Empiricism, Abstracted Empiricism Epistemology Ethics Ethnography Ethnomethodology Exploratory Data Analysis Factor Analysis Feminist Epistemology Feminist Methodology Focus Groups Gender Identity Dysphoria Assessment Generalization Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Grounded Theory Hawthorne Effect Hermeneutics Historical Methods Hypothesis Testing Ideal Type Impact Assessment Induction Intellectual Property Rights Internet Interpretation Interviews Literature Searching Loglinear Analysis Longitudinal Research Measurement, Level of Meaning Methodology `Micro' Sampling Techniques Modernity Multilevel Models Narrative Approach Naturalism Observation, Overt and Covert Online Methods Paradigm Participant Observation Participatory Action Research Phenomenology Philosophy of Social Research Policy Research Positivism Qualitative Research Qualitative Research Data, Archiving Queer Research Questionnaire and Structured Interview Schedule Design Questionnaires and Structured Interview Schedules Realism Reflexivity Research Design Sampling, Probability Sampling, Quota Sampling, Snowball Assessing Hidden and Hard-to-Reach Populations Secondary Analysis Qualitative Secondary Data Analysis Sensitive Research Sex Surveys Social Fact Social Indicators Social Statistics Social Survey Standardisation Statistical Interaction Structuralism/Poststructuralism Systematic Review Telephone Methods for Social Surveys Theory Triangulation Unobtrusive Measures Verbal Protocol Analysis Verstehen Vignette Visual Research Methods

The Qualitative Research Experience

Abstract: Introduction. Finding A Middle Ground in Qualitative Research. Part One: EXEMPLARS. 1. "Grounded Theory," Julianne S. Oktay. A. Experiences of Women Whose Mothers Had Breast Cancer. B. Juggling many Roles: Doing a Grounded Theory Project. 2. "Narrative Analysis," Roberta G. Sands. A. When A Daughter is "Reborn": A Cross-National Mother-Daughter Study. B. Personal Reflections on Narratives and Knowing. 3. "Ethnography," Jerry Floersch. A. Case Managers and Invented Clinical Knowledge. B. Practice Ethnography: On Becoming a Practitioner-Researcher. 4. "Case Study," James W. Drisko. A. The Voice of the Consumer in Intensive Family Preservation Programs. B. Doing Qualitative Case Study Research. 5. "Mixed Methods," Deborah Gioia. A. The Meaning of Work for Young Adults with Schizophrenia. B. A Process Essay: The Path of a Doctoral Student. 6. "Program Evaluation," Amy Barr. A. Qualitative Evaluation of a Supported Housing Program for Homeless Persons with Severe Mental Illness. B. The Angels are Breaking Their Wings. Part Two: METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES--NEW AND OLD. Introduction to Part Two. 7. "Analyzing Qualitative Data in a Cross-Language Context: A Collaborative Model," Tazuko Shibusawa and Ellen Lukens. 8. "Using Computer Software," James W. Drisko. 9. "The Role of the Mentoring Relationship: A Dialogue," R. Dennis Shelby and Ida Roldan. 10. "Peer Debriefing and Support Groups," Deborah K. Padgett, Reji Mathew and Susan Conte. 11. "Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research With High-Risk Populations: Handle with Care," Deborah Waldrop. 12. "Doing" Narrative Analysis," Margareta Hyden and Carolina Overlien. 13. "Mixed Methods, Serendipity, and Concatenation," Deborah K. Padgett. 14. "Spreading the Word: Writing and Disseminating Qualitative Studies," Deborah K. Padgett. 15. "Coming of Age: Theoretical Thinking, Social Responsibility, and a Global Perspective in Qualitative Research," Deborah K. Padgett. Appendix: "A Few Observations for Students," Deborah K. Padgett.

Theory of personalization of appearance: why users personalize their pcs and mobile phones

Abstract: Three linked qualitative studies were performed to investigate why people choose to personalize the appearance of their PCs and mobile phones and what effects personalization has on their subsequent perception of those devices. The 1st study involved 35 frequent Internet users in a 2-stage procedure. In the 1st phase they were taught to personalize a commercial Web portal and then a recommendation system, both of which they used in the subsequent few days. In the 2nd phase they were allocated to 1 of 7 discussion groups to talk about their experiences with these 2 applications. Transcripts of the discussion groups were coded using grounded theory analysis techniques to derive a theory of personalization of appearance that identifies (a) user-dependent, system-dependent, and contextual dispositions; and (b) cognitive, social, and emotional effects. The 2nd study concentrated on mobile phones and a different user group. Three groups of Finnish high school students discussed the personalization of their mobile phones. Transcripts of these discussions were coded using the categories derived from the 1st study and some small refinements were made to the theory in the light of what was said. Some additional categories were added; otherwise, the theory was supported. In addition, 3 independent coders, naive to the theory, analyzed the transcripts of 1 discussion group each. A high degree of agreement with the investigators' coding was demonstrated. In the 3rd study, a heterogeneous sample of 8 people who used the Internet for leisure purposes were visited in their homes. The degree to which they had personalized their PCs was found to be well predicted by the dispositions in the theory. Design implications of the theory are discussed.

An Inductively Derived Model of Leader-Initiated Relationship Building with Virtual Team Members

Abstract: This paper seeks to add to the nascent research literature on virtual teams and virtual team leadership by investigating the issues facing virtual team leaders as they implement and lead virtual teams. In particular, the way in which leaders develop relationships with their virtual team members is explored. A research framework involving action learning was instituted, with data collection and analysis based on grounded theory approaches. In all, seven virtual team leaders from a variety of New Zealand organizations took part in the study. The data showed very clearly that the leaders considered it essential to build some level of personal relationship with their virtual team members before commencing a virtual working relationship. A unifying framework of three interrelated theoretical steps, which illustrates how a virtual leader builds relationships with virtual team members, is introduced. These three steps are assessing conditions, targeting level of relationship, and creating strategies. This study is the first to identify the steps a virtual team leader undertakes when building relationships with virtual team members. The implications for virtual team practice and research are discussed.

Truth and validity in grounded theory -- a reconsidered realist interpretation of the criteria: fit, work, relevance and modifiability.

Abstract: Grounded theory is a frequently used approach in nursing research. Over the years the methodology has developed in different directions with ambiguous answers to questions of truth and validity. This ambiguity influences the interpretation of the criteria for quality judgement of grounded theories: fit, work, relevance and modifiability. In particular, the criterion fit seems to be caught in a vacuum between different epistemological and ontological positions. Fit can be interpreted either from a realist or from a nonrealist position but both present problems. A realist position is problematic if it insists on an immutable empirical world and ignores the social and psychological aspects of human life. A nonrealist position can either be argued to rely on hidden realist assumptions and therefore to be inconsistent, or it can be relativistic, opening up the possibility of 'anything goes' attitudes in research and solipsistic confirmations of the world view of researchers with little or misleading practical impact. A reconsideration of the realist position is suggested, in which validity is regulated by the social constructed reality 'as it really is'. From this position fit is a matter of correspondence to facts in social reality. The criteria work, relevance and modifiability are argued to support the fitness of a theory, and to be useful in the broader evaluation of the quality of grounded theories.

The Role of Networks in Fundamental Organizational Change: A Grounded Analysis

Abstract: Utilizing a grounded-theory approach, this study examines 8 organizations and finds that social networks make a difference in the capability of organizations to implement fundamental organizational...

Using clinical outcomes to explore the theory of expert practice in physical therapy

Abstract: Background and Purpose. Theoretical models of physical therapist expertise have been developed through research on physical therapists sampled solely on the basis of years of experience or reputation. Expert clinicians, selected on the basis of their patients' outcomes, have not been previously studied, nor have the patient outcomes of peer-nominated experts been analyzed. The purpose of our study was to describe characteristics of therapists who were classified as expert or average therapists based on the outcomes of their patients. Subjects. Subjects were 6 therapists classified as expert and 6 therapists classified as average through retrospective analysis of an outcomes database. Methods. The study was guided by grounded theory method, using a multiple case study design. Analysis integrated data from quantitative and qualitative sources and developed a grounded theory. Results. All therapists expressed a commitment to professional growth and an ethic of caring. Therapists classified as expert were not distinguished by years of experience, but they differed in academic and work experience, utilization of colleagues, use of reflection, view of primary role, and pattern of delegation of care to support staff. Therapists classified as expert had a patient-centered approach to care, characterized by collaborative clinical reasoning and promotion of patient empowerment. Discussion and Conclusion. These findings add to the understanding of factors related to patient outcomes and build upon grounded theory for elucidating expert practice in physical therapy.

Designing a grounded theory study: some practicalities.

Abstract: Summary • Grounded theory is an interpretative research methodology frequently used by social science researchers seeking to discover the underlying social processes shaping interaction. The methodology is useful to create knowledge about the behavioural patterns of a group • The aim of this paper was to discuss some practical issues that the prospective grounded theory researcher planning a small-scale project may consider • Discussion focuses on the basic premises, choosing a version of grounded theory, the research problem, the purpose of study, the research question and the place of the literature in a study • The specific skills required of the grounded theory researcher are considered and some cautions are exercised • The paper may assist student researchers in a critical care setting and may be of interest to their supervisors and experienced grounded theory researchers

Mode 2 Management Research

Abstract: The terminology of mode 2 knowledge production has become increasingly prominent in discussions on the nature and purpose of management research. This paper attempts to move our understanding of this terminology forward, by providing a detailed exposition of the five features of mode 2 knowledge production in the context of management research and by offering an empirical account of a research project conducted in mode 2. The paper relates the established problem-solving management research traditions of action research, cooperative inquiry, grounded theory and clinical method to the conceptual territory of mode 2. It then considers a specific form of knowledge production where all five features of mode 2 appear simultaneously. The paper demonstrates how the terminology of mode 2 might provide a useful basis for dialogue between management researchers from different methodological traditions. Moreover, the paper concludes that the specific form of mode 2 where all five features are present (called here 5mode2) does differ, in both its conduct and the character of its output, from any of the established approaches considered in this paper.

Reworking Professional Nursing Identity

Abstract: In spite of professional socialization through nursing education programs, new graduates experience stress as they become working professionals. This grounded theory study explores experienced nurses' perceptions of how they became professional. The central problem for nurses was dissonance between expectations and experiences; they addressed this through an iterative, three-stage process of reworking professional identity. The stages of this process are assuming adequacy, realizing practice, and developing a reputation. Iterations of this process occur as new discrepancies are noticed, enhanced awareness dawns, practice changes, learning is undertaken, or experienced nurses become relative novices in another work area. Nurses move through stages more quickly and at different levels with each iteration. Three contextual factors influence the process: expectation; perception of the status accorded by others to nursing; and supportiveness by acceptance, assistance, and advocacy from others in the workplace....

Grounded theories of management: a methodological review

Abstract: This article sets forth the argument that management research should take into account the complex processes of enterprise activity and the inherent contextual issues that effect managerial behaviour. Research accounts from other areas of social inquiry have conveyed the worthiness of the grounded theory approach to qualitatively focused studies. This article reviews the central literature, along with author’s experiential reflections, thus highlighting an on‐going debate as to the faithfulness of grounded theory to generate explanations to socially constructed phenomena. It is concluded that grounded theory can be a significant approach to developing management understanding.