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Showing papers on "Grounded theory published in 2019"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article illustrates how a framework for a research study design can be used to guide and inform the novice nurse researcher undertaking a study using grounded theory.
Abstract: Background:Grounded theory is a well-known methodology employed in many research studies. Qualitative and quantitative data generation techniques can be used in a grounded theory study. Grounded th...

700 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
07 Nov 2019
TL;DR: This paper investigated and described local norms in the CSCW and HCI literature and proposed guidelines for reporting on reliability in qualitative research using inter-rater reliability as a central example of a form of agreement.
Abstract: What does reliability mean for building a grounded theory? What about when writing an auto-ethnography? When is it appropriate to use measures like inter-rater reliability (IRR)? Reliability is a familiar concept in traditional scientific practice, but how, and even whether to establish reliability in qualitative research is an oft-debated question. For researchers in highly interdisciplinary fields like computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) and human-computer interaction (HCI), the question is particularly complex as collaborators bring diverse epistemologies and training to their research. In this article, we use two approaches to understand reliability in qualitative research. We first investigate and describe local norms in the CSCW and HCI literature, then we combine examples from these findings with guidelines from methods literature to help researchers answer questions like: "should I calculate IRR?" Drawing on a meta-analysis of a representative sample of CSCW and HCI papers from 2016-2018, we find that authors use a variety of approaches to communicate reliability; notably, IRR is rare, occurring in around 1/9 of qualitative papers. We reflect on current practices and propose guidelines for reporting on reliability in qualitative research using IRR as a central example of a form of agreement. The guidelines are designed to generate discussion and orient new CSCW and HCI scholars and reviewers to reliability in qualitative research.

499 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
19 Mar 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a theory about the process through which community formed in adult computer-mediated asynchronous distance learning classes, and a grounded theory design incorporated archived class input as well as interviews with twenty-one students and three faculty members.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop a theory about the process through which community formed in adult computer-mediated asynchronous distance learning classes. A grounded theory design incorporated archived class input as well as interviews with twenty-one students and three faculty members from three graduate-level distance education classes. A three-stage phenomenon was ascertained. The first stage was making friends on-line with whom students felt comfortable communicating. The second stage was community conferment (acceptance) which occurred when students were part of a long, thoughtful, threaded discussion on a subject of importance after which participants felt both personal satisfaction and kinship. The third stage was camaraderie which was achieved after long-term or intense association with others involving personal communication. Each of these stages involved a greater degree of engagement in both the class and the dialogue. Causal conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences were enumerated. A visual model of the entire process of community-building was advanced. Benefits of community were noted, and suggestions were made to facilitate the formation of an on-line community.

349 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
02 May 2019
TL;DR: This paper building on the work of other CSCW and HCI researchers in describing the ways that scientists, scholars, engineers, and others work with their data, through analyses of interviews with 21 data science professionals sets five approaches to data along a dimension of interventions.
Abstract: With the rise of big data, there has been an increasing need for practitioners in this space and an increasing opportunity for researchers to understand their workflows and design new tools to improve it. Data science is often described as data-driven, comprising unambiguous data and proceeding through regularized steps of analysis. However, this view focuses more on abstract processes, pipelines, and workflows, and less on how data science workers engage with the data. In this paper, we build on the work of other CSCW and HCI researchers in describing the ways that scientists, scholars, engineers, and others work with their data, through analyses of interviews with 21 data science professionals. We set five approaches to data along a dimension of interventions: Data as given; as captured; as curated; as designed; and as created. Data science workers develop an intuitive sense of their data and processes, and actively shape their data. We propose new ways to apply these interventions analytically, to make sense of the complex activities around data practices.

185 citations


Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: This chapter clarifies which research questions are appropriate for a grounded theory study and gives an overview of the main techniques and procedures, such as the coding procedures, theoretical sensitivity, theoretical sampling, and theoretical saturation.
Abstract: In this chapter we introduce grounded theory methodology and methods. In particular we clarify which research questions are appropriate for a grounded theory study and give an overview of the main techniques and procedures, such as the coding procedures, theoretical sensitivity, theoretical sampling, and theoretical saturation. We further discuss the role of theory within grounded theory and provide examples of studies in which the coding paradigm of grounded theory has been altered in order to be better suitable for applications in mathematics education. In our exposition we mainly refer to grounded theory techniques and procedures according to Strauss and Corbin (Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, 1990), but also include other approaches in the discussion in order to point out the particularities of the approach by Strauss and Corbin.

165 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new model for smart tourism destinations using the steps of grounded theory as an analytical framework is presented, likely to be of interest to policymakers to enhance their awareness of the prerequisites and strategies of developing smart tourism destination.

126 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the characteristics of social businesses from a business model perspective, and propose four value drivers of social business models: responsible efficiency, impact complementarities, shared values, and integration novelties.

116 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A key finding is that, not only is there both increased and new domestic violence but formal reporting will not increase in communities unwilling to hear of this hidden disaster and it is important to act on the knowledge that increased domestic violence and disasters are linked.
Abstract: Interviews with 30 women in two shires in Victoria, Australia, confirmed that domestic violence increased following the catastrophic Black Saturday bushfires on February 7, 2009. As such research is rare, it addresses a gap in the disaster and interpersonal violence literature. The research that exists internationally indicates that increased violence against women is characteristic of a postdisaster recovery in developing countries. The relative lack of published research from primary data in developed countries instead reflects our resistance to investigating or recognizing increased male violence against women after disasters in developed countries. This article begins with an overview of this literature. The primary research was qualitative, using in-depth semistructured interviews to address the research question of whether violence against women increased in the Australian context. The sample of 30 women was aged from 20s to 60s. Recruitment was through flyers and advertisements, and interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and checked by participants. Analysis was inductive, using modified grounded theory. Seventeen women gave accounts of new or increased violence from male partners that they attribute to the disaster. A key finding is that, not only is there both increased and new domestic violence but formal reporting will not increase in communities unwilling to hear of this hidden disaster. Findings are reported within a framework of three broad explanations. In conclusion, although causation is not claimed, it is important to act on the knowledge that increased domestic violence and disasters are linked.

99 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To compare and contrast three widely used grounded theory approaches with key distinguishing characteristics, enabling a more thoughtful selection of approach, three considerations are proposed to direct the methodological choice for a study: purpose, philosophy, and pragmatics.
Abstract: To rationalize the selection of a research methodology, one must understand its philosophical origins and unique characteristics. This process can be challenging in the landscape of evolving qualitative methodologies. Grounded theory is a research methodology with a distinct history that has resulted in numerous approaches. Although the approaches have key similarities, they also have differing philosophical assumptions that influence the ways in which their methods are understood and implemented. The purpose of this discussion paper is to compare and contrast three widely used grounded theory approaches with key distinguishing characteristics, enabling a more thoughtful selection of approach. This work contributes to the existing literature through contrasting classic Glaserian grounded theory, Straussian grounded theory, and constructivist grounded theory in a systematic manner with prominent distinguishing characteristics developed from a review of the literature. These characteristics included historical development, philosophical perspective, role of the researcher, data analysis procedures, perspective of the grounded theory, and strengths/critique. Based on this analysis, three considerations are proposed to direct the methodological choice for a study: purpose, philosophy, and pragmatics. Understanding the similarities and differences in the grounded theory approaches can facilitate methodological transparency and determine the best fit for one's study and worldview as a researcher.

96 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors examines qualitative data in an era of neoliberalism and focuses on the place of data in grounded theory studies, emphasizing individual responsibility, self-sufficiency, and self-reliance.
Abstract: This article examines qualitative data in an era of neoliberalism and focuses on the place of data in grounded theory studies. Neoliberal values of individual responsibility, self-sufficiency, comp...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This research commentary draws on the largely “manual” tradition of the grotto tradition to generate new theory about trace data quality in the information systems world.
Abstract: Increasingly abundant trace data provide an opportunity for information systems researchers to generate new theory. In this research commentary, we draw on the largely “manual” tradition of the gro...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the benefits of integrating mixed methods and grounded theory (MM-GT) have been discussed, but there have been few attempts to ascertain in what ways researchers used them.
Abstract: Key scholars have lauded benefits of integrating mixed methods and grounded theory—or mixed methods–grounded theory (MM-GT)—yet there have been few attempts to ascertain in what ways researchers us

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate how best to incorporate sustainable healthcare into the medical curriculum and make recommendations for teaching sustainability as a crosscutting theme rather than a topic, clinicians and students learning from each other in this developing field, and embedding into assessment the wider determinants of disease.
Abstract: Aims: Leading the growing international recognition of the need for sustainability in healthcare delivery, the UK medical regulator has mandated that newly qualified doctors must be able to apply the principles of sustainable healthcare to medical practice. This original research investigates how best to incorporate this new learning into the medical curriculum. Methods: Data from multiple sources were triangulated to generate themes through grounded theory. Meetings were held with representatives of key stakeholder organizations, relevant documents were reviewed and semi-structured interviews were conducted with diverse medical educators who teach sustainable healthcare. Results: There is continual pressure on space in the curriculum, and faculty lack the knowledge to teach this emerging subject, which is also difficult to examine. Students increasingly demand that sustainability be addressed in their education and future careers. Many sources of support and learning resources are available. Conclusions: Practical recommendations for implementation in any medical school include: teaching sustainability as a cross-cutting theme rather than a topic, clinicians and students learning from each other in this developing field, and embedding into assessment the wider determinants of disease. Sustainable healthcare emphasizes prevention rather than late intervention, with benefits to the environment on which health depends, healthcare systems and patients.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a grounded theory of "new ways of working" (NWW) is proposed, an organizational design concept of Dutch origin with a global relevance, which concerns business solutions for flexible workspaces.
Abstract: This study offers a grounded theory of ‘new ways of working’ (NWW), an organizational design concept of Dutch origin with a global relevance. NWW concern business solutions for flexible workspaces ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An in-depth literature review using the PRISMA checklist extracted multiple mechanisms from the literature that may account for the impact of green space on crime including social interaction and recreation, community perception, biophilic stress reduction, climate modulation and spaces expressing territorial definition.
Abstract: Can the presence of green space in urban environments reduce the frequency of violent crime? To ascertain the evidence on this topic, we conducted an in-depth literature review using the PRISMA checklist. The search parameters included US articles written in English and published since 2000. More than 30,000 potential paper titles were identified and ultimately, 45 papers were selected for inclusion. Green spaces typically comprised tree cover, parks and ground cover. Criminal behaviors typically included murder, assault, and theft. The majority of the research reviewed involved quantitative methods (e.g., comparison of green space area to crime data). We extracted multiple mechanisms from the literature that may account for the impact of green space on crime including social interaction and recreation, community perception, biophilic stress reduction, climate modulation, and spaces expressing territorial definition. Recommendations are made for future research, such as meta-analysis of existing data and the development of grounded theory through qualitative data-gathering methods. By providing evidence that access to nature has a mitigating impact on violence in urban settings, city governments and communities are empowered to support these interventions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a rationale for expanding the methodological toolbox of the field to include interpretive research methods, which can enable researchers to elaborate theory and develop middle-range theories through an alternative philosophical paradigm.
Abstract: Purpose Scholars have called for diversity in methods and multi-method research to enhance relevance to practice. However, many of the calls have only gone so far as to suggest the use of multiple methods within the positivism paradigm, which dominates the discipline and may constrain the ability to develop middle-range theory and propose workable solutions to today’s supply chain challenges. The purpose of this paper is to present a rationale for expanding the methodological toolbox of the field to include interpretive research methods. Design/methodology/approach This research conceptually illustrates how positivist and interpretive philosophies translate into different research approaches by reviewing an extant positivist qualitative study that uses grounded theory and then detailing how an interpretive researcher would approach the same phenomenon using the hermeneutic method. Findings This research expands the boundaries and impact of the field by broadening the set of questions research can address. It contributes a detailed illustration of the interpretive research process, as well as applications for the interpretive approach in future research, particularly theory elaboration, middle-range theorizing, and emerging domains such as the farm-to-fork supply chain and the consumer-based supply chain. Research limitations/implications The development of alternative ways of seeking knowledge enhances the potential for creativity, expansion, and progress in the field. Practical implications Practical implications of this research include enabling researchers to elaborate theory and develop middle-range theories through an alternative philosophical paradigm. This paradigm facilitates practical insights that are directly relevant to particular domains and move beyond general theories seeking generalizability. Social implications Social implications of this research are much more indirect in nature. This research encourages supply chain management (SCM) scholars to look at phenomena (including those with social implications) from a different philosophical perspective, which can reveal new insights. Originality/value This research contributes a rationale for expanding the methodological toolbox of the field to include interpretive research methods and also contributes a methodological operationalization of the interpretive approach. By reflecting on the nature of science and method in SCM, the study opens the door for creativity and progress to expand the boundaries and impact of the field.

Journal ArticleDOI
Eric T. Hoddy1
TL;DR: In this article, critical realism is recognized as a significant meta-theory for the social sciences, but there is little guidance on how to produce research which is consistent with its ontologica.
Abstract: Whilst critical realism (CR) is becoming recognised as a significant meta-theory for the social sciences, there is little guidance on how to produce research which is consistent with its ontologica...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on the beliefs, understandings, and intentions of pre-service primary teachers to teach STEM and found that the capacity they have built provides them with explicit views on how to teachSTEM in primary schools now and informs what they need for the future teaching of STEM.
Abstract: STEM education needs to begin in primary schools and should aim to prepare young people for active participation in their future. To produce a generation interested and skilled in STEM, the key foci within schools may best occur through teams of teachers working together in an integrated approach, based on cross-curricular teaching and learning. Teachers play a key role in STEM education, and it is important to attract high achievers with relevant backgrounds into teaching. This research study focused on the beliefs, understandings, and intentions of pre-service primary teachers to teach STEM. These beliefs, understandings, and intentions form the platform on which the pre-service teachers build their capacity to teach STEM subjects in primary schools. The data (n = 119) collected from a designed questionnaire were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. An interpretive practice has been used in formulating categories based on responses regarding beliefs, understandings, intentions, and ideal scenarios for future practices and a grounded theory approach for formulating scenarios based on data analysis. The qualitative data were coded into categories based on responses. Structural equation modelling (SEM) and logical regression were conducted to find relationships of the pre-service teacher’s platform for capacity building and connecting to what is required in their classrooms now and in the future. Logistic regressions were used to explore the association of all the questionnaire items and open responses related to the platform and future capacity building. Based on the results, it is evident that the platform developed for teaching STEM based on experience in their teaching degree is limited; however, they have positive intentions to take up STEM. They are not seeing any positive initiative at schools, and they have limited confidence to teach STEM. However, they were suggesting that they should be provided with more opportunities to teach STEM. Overall, our findings indicate that pre-service teachers do not have strong understanding; however, they have strong beliefs and intentions to teach STEM in their future career. The results of this study indicate that the capacity they have built provides them with explicit views on how to teach STEM in primary schools now and informs what they need for the future teaching of STEM. It is essential to formulate a course work and professional development in STEM, capable of integrating disciplines, providing an understanding of pedagogical approaches, and connecting to real-life relevance with the twenty-first century competencies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors studied how teachers formed curriculum design teams and how they selected focal issues for socio-scientific issues for SSI-based curriculum units and developed substantiative grounded theory to explain these processes.
Abstract: Currently there is little guidance given to teachers in selecting focal issues for socio-scientific issues (SSI)-based teaching and learning. As a majority of teachers regularly collaborate with other teachers, understanding what factors influence collaborative SSI-based curriculum design is critical. We invited 18 secondary science teachers to participate in a professional development on SSI-based instruction and curriculum design. Through intentional design, we studied how these teachers formed curriculum design teams and how they selected focal issues for SSI-based curriculum units. We developed substantiative grounded theory to explain these processes. Key findings include how teachers’ tensions and agential moves worked in tandem in the development of a safe and shared place to share discontentment and generate opportunities to form design teams and select issues. Teacher passion and existing resources are factors as influential as considerations for issue relevance. Implications for teacher professional development and research are included.

Dissertation
28 Apr 2019
TL;DR: This paper used critical realist principles in an under-labouring role to inquire what communicative tensions might lie beneath social worker-with-Christian parent-communication, and found that Christian parents were so mistrustful about revealing ontological commitments to their Christian living/parenting praxis that they altered their language - a wariness worsened by the social workers' absenting of Christian belief-talk through using formulaic strategies.
Abstract: This empirical study uses critical realist principles in an under-labouring role to inquire what communicative tensions might lie beneath social-worker-with-Christian-parent-communication. The first empirical stage - 'thick description’ - used qualitative methods within an intensive case study design to generate data of both the substantive event of social-worker-with-Christian-parent-communication (the 'speech-act’) and agential meanings of such action signifying contextual and experiential understanding: 1. A Forum Theatre performance to a volunteer sample of 31 qualifying and qualified social workers 2. Unstructured qualitative interviews with a sample of 12 volunteer social work service users (parents self-identifying as practising Christians) to create the basis for the performance script. The second stage used critical-realist-appropriate analytic tactics from Grounded Theory (1967) to conduct the retroductive analysis. Key findings identified Christian parents being so mistrustful about revealing ontological commitments to their Christian living/parenting praxis that they altered their language - a wariness worsened by the social workers’ absenting of Christian belief-talk through using formulaic strategies. The explanation tentatively outlined empirical, utilitarian, romanticist, and secularist structural inclinations, emanating from the profession’s own Post-Enlightenment worldview commitments, as promoting instrumental moral reasoning and dissuading dialogue about personal spirituality. The study recommends changes in social work education and presents an example of a pedagogic method and some practical communication skills. The study fills in gaps within an under-researched field. Despite Britain’s religious, spiritual, secular diversity, and despite national legislation and policy (England) directives, there appears a lack of specific UK empirical research investigating social workers actual communication-in-action with Christian parents during statutory parenting assessment. Further, wider related knowledge identifies social workers' communication about religious beliefs as largely ineffective and academics/practitioners holding preconceptions of Christian identity/beliefs/practices.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ella et al. as discussed by the authors argue that increased reliance on consultants contributes to the monopolization and privatization of public knowledge and ensuing dependencies, erosion of tacit knowledge, weakening of accountability, and strengthening of instrumental rationality.
Abstract: Funding information Ella ja Georg Ehrnroothin Säätiö; Koneen Säätiö In the past few decades, many sector-specific case studies have been conducted on the use of consultants in the public sector. However, the overall picture of the qualitative changes facilitated by consultants remains fragmented, and a comprehensive framework on how “consultocracy” affects governance is lacking. This article shows how the increased use of consultants has impacted the operational logics of public administration and governance at large. Drawing from a large multisectoral case study from Finland as well as existing studies, a fourfold typology of how consultocracy shapes public administration is introduced. We argue that increased reliance on consultants contributes to the monopolization and privatization of public knowledge and ensuing dependencies, erosion of tacit knowledge, weakening of accountability, and strengthening of instrumental rationality. This research emphasizes the importance of understanding the links between these developments and the need to implement a comprehensive research agenda on consultocracy.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jul 2019-BMJ Open
TL;DR: Education policymakers should focus on improving the clinical environment and identifying professional models and increasing their influence on management, education and clinical education, as well as teaching positive and constructive strategies, will promote positive strategies in coping with inadequate educational contexts.
Abstract: Introduction On entry into the clinical environment, nursing students are confronted with many challenges. It is a common problem throughout the world, including Iran. Although many studies have been conducted on the problems of nursing students in the clinical environment, limited information is available on nursing students’ experiences of the clinical learning environment and the way they respond to these experiences. Identifying nursing students’ experiences is essential to develop interventions to reduce challenges. Objective This study aimed to explore nursing students’ experiences in a clinical learning environment and the way they responded to these experiences. Design The present study was conducted based on the qualitative research design of the grounded theory methodology. Setting This study was conducted at schools of nursing in academic settings in Iran. Participants The participants included 19 nursing students, 4 nursing instructors and 3 clinical nurses. Methods The data were collected using semistructured interviews, field notes and observation, and were analysed using Strauss and Corbin’s approach. Results Students, as a result of the inadequacy of the educational environment, were faced with ‘confusion of identity’, stating this as their main concern. When confronted with this concern, they employed specific strategies, some of which prevented them from getting into unpleasant conditions. These strategies did not help students solve their problems and also prevented them from accepting their professional roles and responsibilities. Conversely, some other strategies led them to advanced professional development and enabled them to accept their role and the clinical environment. Conclusion According to the results of this study, educational policymakers should focus on improving the clinical environment. Identifying professional models and increasing their influence on management, education and clinical education, as well as teaching positive and constructive strategies, will promote positive strategies in coping with inadequate educational contexts. This is necessary for the professional development of nursing students.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation to understand consumer motivation to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools such as chatbots, voice assistants and augmented reality in shopping.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to understand motivation of young consumers to use artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as chatbots, voice assistants and augmented reality in shopping by generating Vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation using grounded theory approach.,Grounded theory approach has been used to develop the Vroom’s expectancy theory. Initially data were collected through participant interviews using theoretical sampling. These data were analyzed and coded using the three step process, i.e. open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The categories created during coding were integrated to generate Vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation.,The findings indicate that Vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation can be used to explain motivation of young consumers to use AI tools as an aid in taking shopping decisions. The motivation may be intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation or force choice motivation. Expectancy represents the ease of using the tools, instrumentality represents competence of tools in performing desired tasks while valence represents satisfaction, rewarding experience and trust in using of tools.,The findings of the study are based on grounded theory approach which is an inductive approach. Alternate research methodologies, both inductive and deductive, need to be employed to strengthen the external validity and generalize the results. The study is limited to shopping motives of young consumers in India. A comparison with other consumer motivational studies has not been done. Hence no claim is made regarding the advantage of Vroom’s theory over other motivational theories.,The study has strong implications for retailers in developing countries which are seen as an emerging market for retail and have introduced AI tools in recent years. The Vroom’s expectancy theory will help retailers to understand consumer motivation in using AI tools or shopping.,Vroom’s expectancy theory to understand consumer motivation to use AI tools in shopping was generated using the grounded theory approach.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The study of organizational tensions, contradictions, dialectics, and paradoxes is on the rise in the organizational sciences as discussed by the authors, and an integrative methodology for studying these contradictions is proposed.
Abstract: The study of organizational tensions, contradictions, dialectics, and paradoxes is on the rise in the organizational sciences. This article sets forth an integrative methodology for studying these ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that the proposed approach is capable of capturing and representing expert’s perceptions of risks in an effective and time efficient manner and decision-makers are enabled to simulate the long term effects of different risk mitigation strategies on the risks and make more informed decisions.

Journal ArticleDOI
22 Feb 2019-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: Awareness of the complexity involved in their decision making will assist healthcare professionals to engage effectively with people living with diabetes.
Abstract: Background Diabetes education has been found to impact positively on self-management by people with diabetes although little is known about the process by which they assimilate information. The aim of this study was to generate a theory explaining the process by which people with diabetes learn about their disease in Indonesia. Methods This study employed a grounded theory methodology influenced by constructivism and symbolic interactionism. A total of twenty-eight face-to-face or telephone interviews with participants from Indonesia that included people with diabetes, healthcare professionals, health service providers and families of people with diabetes were conducted in both Indonesia and Australia. Results This study discloses a core category of Learning, choosing, and acting: self-management of diabetes in Indonesia as the basic social process of how people learn about their diabetes. The process includes five distinctive major categories. People with diabetes acted after they had received recommendations that they considered to be trustworthy. Factors that influenced their choice of recommendations to adopt are also identified. Conclusions Awareness of the complexity involved in their decision making will assist healthcare professionals to engage effectively with people living with diabetes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a grounded theory to explain why some small businesses in tourism adopt sustainable business practices while others do not, even when they share environmental and wider sustainability concerns.
Abstract: This article presents a grounded theory to explain why some small businesses in tourism adopt sustainable business practices while others do not, even when they share environmental and wider sustainability concerns. It does so based on research undertaken among business owners in Crete. The paper starts by considering studies on sustainability awareness, knowledge and the mechanisms for accepting responsibility. Secondly, it summarises the influence of task difficulty and effort on sustainability self-efficacy. Thirdly, it focuses on social comparisons and vicarious experiences, as a way of learning what is important. Finally, it examines powerlessness due to perceived situational constraints. In so doing, the study finds that self-efficacy helps to explain sustainable attitude formation and the attitude-behaviour gap; it partly shifts the locus of responsibility for an inability to act sustainably away from the individual and towards their context. The paper contributes to the theoretical literature on small businesses and sustainability, and leads to new avenues for policy interventions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors draw on an established sustainable entrepreneurship capability framework and provide direct evidence from entrepreneurship educators about the effectiveness of service learning, and qualitative interviews with those educators reveal a framework composed of personal and institutional factors that they have to navigate when provide service learning.
Abstract: Due to its growing practical relevance, sustainability entrepreneurship receives a high degree of academic attention. However, literature on how to educate sustainability entrepreneurs remains scarce. A promising didactical approach in this context is service learning. We ask if service learning is an effective way to educate sustainability entrepreneurs, and which framework conditions impact those educators. First, we draw on an established sustainable entrepreneurship capability framework and provide direct evidence from entrepreneurship educators about the effectiveness of service learning. Second, based on grounded theory, qualitative interviews with those educators reveal a framework composed of personal and institutional factors that they have to navigate when provide service learning. Our findings contribute to the interface of service learning and sustainability entrepreneurship by highlighting its effectiveness and the framework conditions for educators.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The analyses of differences between mothers’ and fathers’ narratives showed that there is a specific experience of the impact that caregiving has on parents’ relationships with their jobs and on their worries.
Abstract: Family caregiving is a growing phenomenon with the increased prevalence of chronic illness and shorter hospitalizations Rare diseases pose significant challenges not only to patients living with these kinds of pathologies but also to those who care for these patients The caregiving role has specific characteristics The present work aims to increase knowledge of the challenges that are common or specific to fathers and mothers of children diagnosed with a rare disease Moreover, the paper analyses the kinds of social support they experience according to gender A descriptive study was conducted using grounded theory methodology A semi-structured interview with open-ended questions was conducted with 15 parents of children with a rare disease The interview was organized into three main areas: personal experiences in caring for a child with a rare disease, family changes and perceived social support The transcriptions were analyzed using NVivo 11 software From data analysis, themes emerged regarding the challenges shared by fathers and mothers, but some aspects also emerged that were gender-specific The analyses of differences between mothers’ and fathers’ narratives showed that there is a specific experience of the impact that caregiving has on parents’ relationships with their jobs and on their worries Self-help group is the main source of social support for all respondents We discuss these findings in relation to possible appropriate specific interventions and support for family caregiving