Topic
Growing season
About: Growing season is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11214 publications have been published within this topic receiving 331886 citations.
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TL;DR: The studies indicate that the compensatory response of plants to grazing is probabilistic when three external factors are considered, and the probability of compensation for herbivory decreases as competition with other plants increases, as nutrient levels decrease, and as the timing of Herbivory comes later in the growing season.
Abstract: In a single population of Ipomopsis arizonica (Polemoniaceae), we show a continuum of compensatory responses to vertebrate herbivory. We demonstrate experimentally that the degree of herbivore impact depends on plant association, nutrient availability, and timing of grazing. From 1985 to 1987, the most common response to vertebrate herbivory was equal compensation, whereby grazed plants set numbers of fruits and seeds equal to controls within the same growing season. However, we also observed cases of significant overcompensation and undercompensation. In 1985 and 1987, overcompensation occurred in vertebrate-grazed plants that were supplemented with nutrients and growing free of competition. These plants produced 33% to 120% more fruit than control, ungrazed plants. Cases of undercompensation occurred in groups where I. arizonica grew in association with grasses or where nutrients were not supplemented. Grazed and clipped plants in these groups produced from 28% to 82% as many fruits as did ungrazed cont...
870 citations
TL;DR: Admitting regional heterogeneity, changes in hemispheric features suggest that the longer-lasting vegetation growth in recent decades can be attributed to extended leaf senescence in autumn rather than earlier spring leaf-out.
Abstract: Changes in vegetative growing seasons are dominant indicators of the dynamic response of ecosystems to climate change. Therefore, knowledge of growing seasons over the past decades is essential to predict ecosystem changes. In this study, the long-term changes in the growing seasons of temperate vegetation over the Northern Hemisphere were examined by analyzing satellite-measured normalized difference vegetation index and reanalysis temperature during 1982 2008. Results showed that the length of the growing season (LOS) increased over the analysis period; however, the role of changes at the start of the growing season (SOS) and at the end of the growing season (EOS) differed depending on the time period. On a hemispheric scale, SOS advanced by 5.2 days in the early period (1982-1999) but advanced by only 0.2 days in the later period (2000-2008). EOS was delayed by 4.3 days in the early period, and it was further delayed by another 2.3 days in the later period. The difference between SOS and EOS in the later period was due to less warming during the preseason (January-April) before SOS compared with the magnitude of warming in the preseason (June September) before EOS. At a regional scale, delayed EOS in later periods was shown. In North America, EOS was delayed by 8.1 days in the early period and delayed by another 1.3 days in the later period. In Europe, the delayed EOS by 8.2 days was more significant than the advanced SOS by 3.2 days in the later period. However, in East Asia, the overall increase in LOS during the early period was weakened in the later period. Admitting regional heterogeneity, changes in hemispheric features suggest that the longer-lasting vegetation growth in recent decades can be attributed to extended leaf senescence in autumn rather than earlier spring leaf-out. Keywords: climate change, growing season, NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), Northern Hemisphere, phenology,
774 citations
TL;DR: The investigation showed that a warming in the early spring (February–April) by 1 ◦ C causes an advance in the beginning of growing season of 7 days, and an increase of mean annual air temperature by 1◦ C led to an extension of 5 days.
765 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a combination of graphical and statistical analyses were performed on a 12-month time-series of MODIS EVI and NDVI data from more than 2000 cropped field sites across the U.S. state of Kansas.
756 citations
TL;DR: Observed changes in community structure and composition demonstrate that the invasibility of plant com- munities may be directly influenced by nutrient availability, independent of physical dis- turbance.
Abstract: Non-native annual grasses dominate most Californian mediterranean-cli- mate grasslands today. However, native Californian grassland flora persists in grasslands on serpentine-derived soils. We manipulated soil nutrient resources to explore the links between nutrient availability, plant productivity, and the relative abundances of native and non-native species in serpentine grassland. Factorial combinations of nitrogen, phos- phorus, and other components of a nutritionally complete formula were added to field plots over two growing seasons. Fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus increased biomass of the resident vegetation substantially in the first season, and within two years allowed the invasion and dominance of non-native annual grasses in patches originally dominated by native annual forbs. Species richness declined with fertilization, as the increased biomass production by invaders sup- pressed some native forbs. Increased macronutrient availability can increase production on serpentine-derived soil, even when other serpentine characteristics (such as low Ca/Mg ratios and high heavy-metal concentrations) have not been mitigated. Observed changes in community structure and composition demonstrate that the invasibility of plant com- munities may be directly influenced by nutrient availability, independent of physical dis- turbance.
752 citations