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Showing papers on "Growth medium published in 2016"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Use of Aspergillus niger as bio-inoculant could be a sustainable approach to improve soil P availability, promote plant growth and alleviate adverse effect of salt stress.

41 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A combination of meat extract and sodium acetate was identified as a suitable replacement in growth medium for Sporosarcina pasteurii and reduced retardation by 75 % (as compared to yeast extract) without compromising bacterial growth, urea hydrolysis, cell zeta potential, and ability to promote calcium carbonate formation.
Abstract: Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation has been identified as a novel method to improve durability and remediate cracks in concrete. One way to introduce microorganisms to concrete is by replacing the mixing water with a bacterial culture in nutrient medium. In the literature, yeast extract often has been used as a carbon source for this application; however, severe retardation of hydration kinetics has been observed when yeast extract is added to cement. This study investigates the suitability of alternative carbon sources to replace yeast extract for microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation in cement-based materials. A combination of meat extract and sodium acetate was identified as a suitable replacement in growth medium for Sporosarcina pasteurii; this alternative growth medium reduced retardation by 75 % (as compared to yeast extract) without compromising bacterial growth, urea hydrolysis, cell zeta potential, and ability to promote calcium carbonate formation.

31 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results indicate that wheat growth was inhibited significantly by the addition of NH4+ combined with low pH, and the NH4-tolerant cultivar XM25 was better adapted to low rhizosphere pH due to its increased capacity for assimilatingNH4+ efficiently and thereby avoiding toxic levels of intracellular NH4 + at low medium pH.

25 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel culture medium to enhance the biomass and lipid production simultaneously by Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 26 was designed in three stages of optimization, and gas chromatography analysis revealed that C16:0, C18:1, C 18:2 and C18-3 were the major fatty acids produced by C. vulgarisUTEX 26.

25 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
21 Jul 2016-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: The hypothesis that the Staphylococcus aureus bacterium was continually responding to the dynamic environment by modifying the proteome and optimising metabolic homeostasis is supported.
Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a high proportion of nosocomial infections. This study was conducted to assess the bacterial responses in the cytoplasmic composition of amino acids and ribosomal proteins under various environmental conditions designed to mimic those on the human skin or within a wound site: pH6-8, temperature 35-37°C, and additional 0-5% NaCl. It was found that each set of environmental conditions elicited substantial adjustments in cytoplasmic levels of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, alanine and glycine (P< 0.05). These alterations generated characteristic amino acid profiles assessed by principle component analysis (PCA). Substantial alterations in cytoplasmic amino acid and protein composition occurred during growth under conditions of higher salinity stress implemented via additional levels of NaCl in the growth medium. The cells responded to additional NaCl at pH 6 by reducing levels of ribosomal proteins, whereas at pH 8 there was an upregulation of ribosomal proteins compared with the reference control. The levels of two ribosomal proteins, L32 and S19, remained constant across all experimental conditions. The data supported the hypothesis that the bacterium was continually responding to the dynamic environment by modifying the proteome and optimising metabolic homeostasis.

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study compared growth and N-fixation of cyanobacteria cultured in two media, Allen and Arnon (AA) and a growth medium of organic-approved ingredients (RB) developed by the authors, and found RB medium was able to support growth similar to that of the AA medium in raceway cultivation.
Abstract: On-farm cultivation of phototrophic, N-fixing cyanobacteria, grown in raceway ponds, could provide organic farmers an alternative N source to meet crop fertilizer needs. The application of cyanobacterial fertilizer in certified organic agriculture requires a growth medium of certified organic ingredients. This study compared growth and N-fixation of cyanobacteria cultured in two media, Allen and Arnon (AA) and a growth medium of organic-approved ingredients (RB) developed by the authors. A xenic culture of Anabaena sp. was grown for 2 weeks in the laboratory. The RB medium had significantly lower concentrations of P, Fe, B, Zn, and Cu than the AA medium. Cyanobacteria grown in RB had significantly greater exponential growth rate but significantly lower net total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) than those grown in AA. In a follow-up replicated field study, the xenic culture of Anabaena sp. was inoculated into raceways aerated by paddle wheels. There was no significant difference in exponential or linear growth rate between the two treatments though the RB medium had lower concentrations of P, Co, Zn, and B than the AA medium. The lack of difference could be the result of an overarching limiting factor evident in both treatments such as light or C depletion or that the lower nutrient concentrations in RB were still sufficient for growth and N-fixation. There was no difference in net TKN between the two treatments, suggesting similar rates of N-fixation. Since bone meal contributed trace amounts of N to the RB media, it is possible that maximal N-fixation was not achieved. However, RB medium was able to support growth similar to that of the AA medium in raceway cultivation.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggested the plausible provision of more electrons into the culture in the presence of 5.07 mM cysteine-HCl at the medium pH 5.9.
Abstract: Lowering the redox potential of the growth medium is a critical step in the cultivation of obligate anaerobes for production of biofuels from synthesis gas. In this study, the simultaneous effects of reducing solutions (sodium sulfide and/or cysteine-HCl) and initial medium pH on the fermentation of synthesis gas using Clostridium ljungdahlii was investigated. The results suggested the plausible provision of more electrons into the culture in the presence of 5.07 mM cysteine-HCl at the medium pH 5.9. This culture demonstrated enhanced ethanol production (48%) and ethanol to acetate production ratio (24%) compared to the cells cultivated in standard growth medium recommended by ATCC.

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A correlation between the accumulation of the antioxidants and the equilibrium concentration of oxygen in the growth medium, which depended on the intensities of photosynthesis and respiration, has been analyzed.
Abstract: The aim of the work was to find the mode of cultivation of unicellular flagellate Euglena gracilis, favorable for the simultaneous accumulation of α-tocopherol and β-carotene. Cells were grown either in photoautotrophic or photoheterotrophic conditions in the presence of 100 mM ethanol (variant Et) or 40 mM glutamate (variant Gt), or their combination (variant EtGt). The exogenous substrates significantly stimulated light-dependent growth of E. gracilis. The largest increase of biomass was recorded on the 20th day in the variant EtGt and exceeded the autotrophic control by 7 times. The content of β-carotene and chlorophyll (Chl) per cell in mixotrophic cultures exceeded the control by 2-3 and 1.6-2 times, respectively. At the same time, α-tocopherol accumulation in autotrophic cells was greater than in the cells of mixotrophic cultures by 2-7 times. Total yield of tocopherol per unit volume of culture medium, which depended not only on its intracellular content, but also on the amount of accumulated biomass was highest in EtGt variant. A correlation between the accumulation of the antioxidants and the equilibrium concentration of oxygen in the growth medium, which depended on the intensities of photosynthesis and respiration has been analyzed.

14 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Biochemical analysis showed that the total intracellular organic solutes increased significantly with increasing NaCl concentration in the growth medium, and the compositions of the solutes were dependent on the type of strain and also on the nutrient richness of the growthmedium.
Abstract: Halophilic bacteria respond to salt stress by regulating the cytosolic pools of organic solutes to achieve osmotic equilibrium. In order to understand the metabolic regulation of these organic solutes, for the first time, we have investigated the effect of salt on growth and biochemical changes in four major moderately halophilic bacterial strains isolated from a saltern region of the Kumta coast, India. The strains under study were Halomonas hydrothermalis VITP9, Bacillus aquimaris VITP4, Planococcus maritimus VITP21, and Virgibacillus dokdonensis VITP14, which exhibited similar salt tolerance (0% to 10% w/v NaCl) with optimal growth at 5% w/v NaCl. Biochemical analysis showed that the total intracellular organic solutes increased significantly with increasing NaCl concentration in the growth medium, and the compositions of the solutes were dependent on the type of strain and also on the nutrient richness of the growth medium. Glutamic acid levels increased in all the strains under salt stress, indicating the significance of glutamic acid as the anionic counterpart of K(+)/Na(+) ions and precursor for other synthesized nitrogenous osmolytes. Though initial studies were performed with thin-layer chromatography, mass spectrometry was used to identify the major solutes accumulated by the strains under salt stress, such as proline (VITP4), ectoine (VITP14 and VITP9), and sugars (VITP21) under minimal medium and glycine betaine (by all the strains under study) under complex growth medium conditions. Such comparative study on the stress-dependent metabolic differences of different microbes, under identical experimental condition, helps to identify possible bacterial sources for the production of industrially important solutes.

13 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data demonstrate that ammonium decreases chronological life span (CLS) of the prototrophic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain PYCC 4072 in a concentration-dependent manner and, accordingly, that CLS can be extended through ammonium restriction, even in conditions of initial glucose abundance.
Abstract: Dietary regimens have proven to delay aging and age-associated diseases in several eukaryotic model organisms but the input of nutritional balance to longevity regulation is still poorly understood. Here, we present data on the role of single carbon and nitrogen sources and their interplay in yeast longevity. Data demonstrate that ammonium, a rich nitrogen source, decreases chronological life span (CLS) of the prototrophic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain PYCC 4072 in a concentration-dependent manner and, accordingly, that CLS can be extended through ammonium restriction, even in conditions of initial glucose abundance. We further show that CLS extension depends on initial ammonium and glucose concentrations in the growth medium, as long as other nutrients are not limiting. Glutamine, another rich nitrogen source, induced CLS shortening similarly to ammonium, but this effect was not observed with the poor nitrogen source urea. Ammonium decreased yeast CLS independently of the metabolic process activated during aging, either respiration or fermentation, and induced replication stress inhibiting a proper cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. The present results shade new light on the nutritional equilibrium as a key factor on cell longevity and may contribute for the definition of interventions to promote life span and healthy aging.

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An excellent reproducibility between both systems was revealed and provided evidence for the biotechnological potential of Klura3Δ strain to produce orotic acid since the amounts obtained are comparable to the production in flask using a similar mutant of the industrially valuable Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the growth profile of ethanol-tolerant thermophile Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius M10EXG using a defined growth medium consisting of single carbon glucose (TGTV), xylose (TXTV), and a mixture of glucose and Xylose.
Abstract: Thermophiles are challenging to be studied for ethanol production using agricultural waste containing lignocellulosic materials rich in hexose and pentose. These bacteria have many advantages such as utilizing a wide range of substrates, including pentose (C5) and hexose (C6). In ethanol production, it is important to use ethanol tolerant strain capable in converting lignocellulosic hydrolysate. This study was aimed to investigate the growth profile of ethanol-tolerant thermophile Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius M10EXG using a defined growth medium consisted of single carbon glucose (TGTV), xylose (TXTV), and a mixture of glucose and xylose (TGXTV), together with the effect of yeast extract addition to the media. The experiments were conducted at the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences of The University of New South Wales, Australia on a shake flask fermentation at 60°C in duplicate experiment. Cultures were sampled every two hours and analised for their kinetic parameters including the maximum specific growth rate (µmax), biomass yield (Yx/s), ethanol and by-product yields (acetate and L-lactate) (Yp/s), and the doubling time (Td). Results showed that this strain was capable of growing on minimal medium containing glucose or xylose as a single carbon source. This strain utilized glucose and xylose simultaneously (co-fermentation), although there was glucose repression of xylose at relatively low glucose concentration (0.5% w/v), particularly when yeast extract (0.2% w/v) was added to the medium. The highest biomass yield was obtained at 0.5 g l-1 on glucose medium; the yield increased when yeast extract was added (at 0.59 g l-1). The highest specific growth rate of 0.25 was obtained in the phase I growth when the strain was grown on a mixture of glucose and xylose (0.5% : 0.5% w/v) medium. Diauxic growth was shown on the mixture of glucose, xylose, and yeast extract. The strain produced low level of ethanol (0.1 g l-1), as well as low level (0.2 g l-1) of by-products (L-lactate and acetate) after 15 hours. The results suggests its potential application for fermenting lignocellulosic agricultural wastes for ethanol production.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is the first report on the influence of nitrogen sources on the production of mycotoxins by P. tritici-repentis and there was not a close relationship between mycelial growth and mycotoxin production by the fungal isolates.
Abstract: The fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs. infects the leaves and kernels of wheat, causing tan spot and red smudge, respectively. Isolates of P. tritici-repentis have been reported to be both phytopathogenic and mycotoxigenic. This research investigates the influence of nitrogen sources on growth and production of mycotoxins by eight different isolates of P. tritici-repentis . A synthetic agar medium (SAM) was used with different nitrogen sources, both inorganic [(NH 4 Cl, NH 4 NO 3 and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 )] and organic ( l -alanine, l -histidine, and l -lysine), at a concentration of 37.5 mmol L − 1 . Individual isolates exhibited different growth rates that varied according to the nitrogen source added to the medium. The choice of nitrogen source also had a major effect on production of the mycotoxins emodin, catenarin and islandicin. The highest concentrations of emodin, 54.40 ± 4.46 μg g − 1 , 43.07 ± 23.39 μg g − 1 and 28.91 ± 4.64 μg g − 1 of growth medium, were produced on the complex medium (V8-potato dextrose agar) by the isolates Alg-H2, 331-2 and TS93-71B, respectively. A relatively high concentration of emodin also was produced by isolates Az35-5 (28.29 ± 4.71 μg g − 1 of medium) and TS93-71B (27.03 ± 4.09 μg g − 1 of medium) on synthetic medium supplemented with l -alanine. The highest concentrations of catenarin (174.54 ± 14.46 μg g − 1 and 104.87 ± 6.13 μg g − 1 of medium) were recorded for isolates TS93-71B and Alg-H2 on synthetic medium supplemented with l -alanine and NH 4 Cl, respectively. The highest concentration of islandicin (4.64 ± 0.36 μg g − 1 medium) was observed for isolate 331-2 in the presence of l -lysine. There was not a close relationship between mycelial growth and mycotoxin production by the fungal isolates. This is the first report on the influence of nitrogen sources on the production of mycotoxins by P. tritici-repentis .

Patent
27 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the mesenchymal stromal cells of human adipose tissue (MSC AT) of 2-5 passage in growth medium until concentration of total protein in medium 3-4 mg/ml is achieved.
Abstract: FIELD: medicine.SUBSTANCE: medication is obtained by method, including cultivation of mesenchymal stromal cells of human adipose tissue (MSC AT) of 2-5 passage in growth medium until concentration of total protein in medium 3-4 mg/ml is achieved. Selection and purification of culture medium and its concentration until initial volume of purified culture medium is reduced 9-11 times are carried out with obtaining sterile concentrate, with its further lyophilisation. Medication contains products of human MSC secretion, including key growth factors: FGF basic in concentration from 2 to 4 pg/ml, HGF in concentration from 40 to 80 pg/ml, VEGF in concentration from 200 to 800 pg/ml, angiopoietin-1 in concentration from 0.5 to 10.0 pg/ml, determined by method of enzyme immunoassay with reduction of lyophilisate in 100 ml of sterile physiological solution. Growth medium contains solution of AdvanceSTEM Cell Culture Media, solution of antibiotics Penicillin-Streptomycin and additives AdvanceSTEM Stem Cell Growth Supplement with the following component ratio, vol %: AdvanceSTEM Cell Culture Media - 85-95, solution of antibiotics Penicillin-Streptomycin - 0.95-1.05, additives to growth medium AdvanceSTEM Stem Cell Growth Supplement - 9.5-10.5. Group of inventions also relate to method of treating burns and wounds.EFFECT: application of claimed group of inventions makes it possible to stimulate healing of burns and wounds due to regenerative action of balanced complex of cytokines and growth factors, secreted by mesenchymal human cells into culture medium.10 cl, 11 dwg, 1 tbl, 10 ex

Patent
07 May 2016
TL;DR: In this article, a 3D cell growth medium is described, which consists of hydrogel particles swollen with a liquid cell growing medium to form a granular gel yield stress material which undergoes a phase transformation from a solid phase to a liquid-like phase when an applied stress exceeds the yield stress.
Abstract: A three-dimensional cell growth medium is described. The cell growth medium may comprise hydrogel particles swollen with a liquid cell growth medium to form a granular gel yield stress material which undergoes a phase transformation from a solid phase to a liquid- like phase when an applied stress exceeds the yield stress. Cells may be placed in the three- dimensional cell growth medium according to any shape or geometry, and may remain in place within the three-dimensional cell growth medium.

01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: Formulated medium with pineapple on addition of agar agar did not attain solidification and therefore was converted to broth culture and as well supported the growth of fungi species and susceptibility of test fungi on the formulated media was comparable to potato dextrose agar.
Abstract: This experiment was performed to test the suitability of agro waste in media formulation for fungi cultivation. Yam glucose agar (YGA), plantain glucose agar (PGA) and pineapple broth (PB) were prepared and used in comparison to a well-known commercial fungi growth medium (PDA). The formulated media supported the growth of fungi species by exposure to the environment and seeding technique. Eleven fungi species were isolated with the formulated media and are Neurospora crassa, Asteromyces cruciatus, Thysanophora longispora, Cylindrocarpon spp, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Penicillium italicum, Aspergillus parasiticus, Gonatobotrys sp, Chrysosporium sp, Cephalosporium sp. Seeding of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Trichoderma viride on the formulated media also grew within three days. Antifungal activity of two plants extracts and nystatin using the formulated media was also carried out in comparison with PDA. Susceptibility of test fungi on the formulated media was comparable to potato dextrose agar. Formulated medium with pineapple on addition of agar agar did not attain solidification and therefore was converted to broth culture and as well supported the growth of fungi species.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This research project aims to develop a high-cell density cultivation strategy coupled with optimized growth medium for P. cryoconitis BG5, a psychrophiles isolated from the cold environment and capable of proliferating and growing well at low temperature regime.
Abstract: Pedobacter cryoconitis BG5 are psychrophiles isolated from the cold environment and capable of proliferating and growing well at low temperature regime. Their cellular products have found a broad spectrum of applications, including in food, medicine, and bioremediation. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a high-cell density cultivation strategy coupled with optimized growth medium for P. cryoconitis BG5. To date, there has been no published report on the design and optimization of growth medium for P. cryoconitis, hence the objective of this research project. A preliminary screening of four commercially available media, namely tryptic soy broth, R2A, Luria Bertani broth, and nutrient broth, was conducted to formulate the basal medium. Based on the preliminary screening, tryptone, glucose, NaCl, and K2HPO4 along with three additional nutrients (yeast extract, MgSO4, and NH4Cl) were identified to form the basal medium which was further analyzed by Plackett-Burman experimental design. Central composite experimental design using response surface methodology was adopted to optimize tryptone, yeast extract, and NH4Cl concentrations in the formulated growth medium. Statistical data analysis showed a high regression factor of 0.84 with a predicted optimum optical (600 nm) cell density of 7.5 using 23.7 g/L of tryptone, 8.8 g/L of yeast extract, and 0.7 g/L of NH4Cl. The optimized medium for P. cryoconitis BG5 was tested, and the observed optical density was 7.8. The cost-effectiveness of the optimized medium was determined as 6.25 unit prices per gram of cell produced in a 250-ml Erlenmeyer flask.

Patent
23 Nov 2016
TL;DR: In this article, a growth medium for in-vitro culture of mammalian cells and an additive for constituting the growth medium were proposed. But the additive was not suitable for growing mammalian cells without using serum.
Abstract: The invention relates to a growth medium for in-vitro culture of mammalian cells and an additive for constituting the growth medium When the growth medium is used for culturing mammalian somatic cells, the mammalian somatic cells can be proliferated effectively without using serum The mammalian somatic cells can be proliferated effectively even under the condition that the growth medium contains no serum at all by blending active polysaccharides of pilose antler into the growth medium

01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The isolated yeast strain of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa showed potential as promising microorganism for the commercial production of carotenoids and was identified by HPLC analysis as βcarotene and torulene.
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to characterize and identify yeasts capable of producing carotenoids. Strains were classified and identified through morphological and physiological characteristics as well as, biochemical and nutritional requirements. Yeast strains were isolated from the surfaces of different fruits, vegetables and dairy products of Qassim region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Thirty six yeast strain isolates were selected on the basis of their ability to produce yellow to red pigments. The samples were grown at incubation temperature of 30oC in Erlenmeyer flasks, containing growth medium of YM broth. After incubation period of 48 hours, the isolated yeast strains were inoculated in Petri dishes with YM agar, and incubated at 30oC for 120 hours. The yeast colonies, which presented yellow to red coloration, were transferred to culture tubes containing YM agar, and incubated at 30oC for 72 hours. These highly pigmented yeasts were re-isolated in Petri dishes with YM agar and then transferred to tubes with GPYM agar. Identification through morphological and reproduction characteristics, along with physiological and biochemical tests, classified two strains as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Rhodotorula glutinis. The main carotenoids extracted from them were identified by HPLC analysis as βcarotene and torulene. The isolated yeast strain of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa showed potential as promising microorganism for the commercial production of carotenoids.

24 Jun 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors showed that the optimum culture media of Bacillus sp to produce xylanase is media with 025% natural starch from the corn cob xylan as a carbon source, 026% ammonium chloride as a source of nitrogen, and 035% sugar xylose, at pH 6.
Abstract: Xylan is a carbon source in growth medium of extracellular xylanase producing bacteria The purpose of this study was to get the optimum medium for the growth of Bacillus sp in producing the xylanase The factors consist of production time, carbon, and nitrogen source, as well as simple sugars Addition carbon source used was delignified sugarcane bagasse, rice hulls, and corn cobs with different concentrations (025%; 05%; 075%; and 1% w/v) Ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and sodium nitrate with different concentrations (008%; 017%; 026%; and 035% w/v) were used as a source of nitrogen, while the simple sugar used was glucose, lactose, sucrose, and xylose The results showed that the optimum culture media of Bacillus sp to produce xylanase is media with 025% natural starch from the corn cob xylan as a carbon source, 026% ammonium chloride as a source of nitrogen, 00625 grams of sugar xylose, at pH 6, incubation temperature of 40°C, and 12 hours production time In that media, xylanase activity was 02 U/mL Keywords: agricultural waste, medium optimization, xylanase, Bacillus sp

Dissertation
09 May 2016
TL;DR: Fundamentals for immobilized culture of EPS producing microalgae are presented as well as suitable culturing conditions to increase production, and the introduction of an adapted spectrophotometric method for EPS quantification in culture supernatants using the inorganic dye Ruthenium Red is presented.
Abstract: Netrium digitus is a representative of the species-rich class Zygnematophyceae (Streptophyta). Its intensive extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production makes this alga interesting for biotechnological applications with focus on cosmetics and food additives. Quantitative data on growth and EPS production in suspension culture and for the first time in immobilized state using labscale porous substrate photobioreactors, so-called Twin-Layer (TL) systems, is provided in this thesis. Further, the infl uence of growth medium composition and culturing conditions was investigated. On the TL, cell dry weight of N. digitus increased linearly at a rate between 1.36 and maximally 5.01 g m-2 d-1 and EPS dry weight followed an exponential development, reaching 10-30 g m-2 after 20 days depending on the culturing conditions. Increased EPS production was observed, amongst others, at 330 μmol photons m-2 s-1 light intensity compared to 70 μmol photons m-2 s-1. Further increase was achieved by fivefold elevated nitrogen supply (25.02 g m-2 EPS after 12 days) and pH decrease to 4.5 (21.88 g m-2 day 11). Nitrogen depleted conditions and dilution of the medium to 1/4 of the original strength had a negative impact on ESP production. The analysis of the monosaccharide composition of the EPS showed xylose, fucose, glucuronic acid, an unidentified monosaccharide, galactose, glucose, rhamnose, mannose and galacturonic acid to be present in decreasing order. This order of abundance was not altered by any of the tested culture conditions, but differences in abundance of single monosaccharides were observed. E.g. TL EPS contained 33 % more fucose but 51 % less glucose than EPS from suspension culture. Fundamentals for immobilized culture of EPS producing microalgae are presented as well as suitable culturing conditions to increase production. Evidence of growth enhancement by the presence of bacteria in the algal culture is given as well as the introduction of an adapted spectrophotometric method for EPS quantification in culture supernatants using the inorganic dye Ruthenium Red.

01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The data show that the antiproliferative effect of IFN-y through induction of indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase, with a consequent L-tryptophan deprivation, is an effective means of regulating cell growth.
Abstract: The antiproliferative effects of interferon a (IFN-a) and interferon y (IFN-y) were found to be cell- dependent. Among the human cell lines examined, IFN-y had a greater antiproliferative effect against cell lines that exhib- ited Induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, such as the KB oral carcinoma or WiDr colon adenocarcinoma, than against those that lacked the enzyme activity, such as the SW480 colon adenocarcinoma or NCI-H128 small-cell lung carcinoma. In- duction of this dioxygenase showed a clear temporal relation- ship with increased metabolism of L-tryptophan and the depletion of this amino acid in the culture medium. While 70-80% of L-tryptophan remained in the medium of IFN-a- or vehicle-treated cells, virtually all of this amino acid was depleted in the medium of the IFN-y-treated group following 2-3 days of culture. Supplementing the growth medium with additional L-tryptophan reversed the antiproliferative effect of IFN-y against KB cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The antiproliferative effects of IFN-a and IFN-y on SW480 and NCI-H128 cells, which are independent of the dioxygenase activity, and the inability of added L-tryptophan to reverse the effects of IFN-y in WiDr cells suggest multiple mechanisms of action of the IFNs. The data show that the antiproliferative effect of IFN-y through induction of indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase, with a consequent L-tryptophan deprivation, is an effective means of regulating cell growth.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Growth medium used for the culture of fungus can influence its bioefficacy as plant growth promoting agent and Piriformospora indica can be grown on cost effective and simple mass multiplication medium which could augment its usage for commercial purposes.
Abstract: Piriformospora indica biomass generated in different growth media Rose Bengal medium, Kaefer's Medium, Enriched Soil Medium, Malt extract Medium and Czapek Dox was quantified and? their bioinoculum potential was compared using? moong bean (Vigna radiata) as? test plant. Plant chlorophyll content in response to inoculations was lowest in Rose Bengal medium (2.772mg plant-1) and highest due to inoculum produced on Enriched soil Medium (3.694 mg plant-1). The highest nitrogen content (19.260 mg plant-1) was recorded by inoculum produced on Kaefer's Medium followed by Enriched Soil Medium (19.123 mg plant-1), ME (18.19 mg plant-1) and CD medium (17.71 mg plant-1). The highest plant phosphorus uptake was registered in Enriched Soil Medium (17.153 mg plant-1) followed by Kaefer's Medium (17.023 mg plant-1). Maximum dry weight of plants was observed by inoculation with fungus cultured in Kaefer's Medium (3.416 g pot-1) and Enriched Soil Medium (3.349 g pot-1). Thus, growth medium used for the culture of fungus can influence its bioefficacy as plant growth promoting agent and Piriformospora indica can be grown on cost effective and simple mass multiplication medium which could augment its usage for commercial purposes.

Patent
27 Apr 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for selecting a yeast strain having improved capability for fermenting a pentose, advantageously xylose, in the presence of organic acid, advantageous acetic acid, in non-dissociated form, was proposed.
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for selecting a yeast strain having improved capability for fermenting a pentose, advantageously xylose, in the presence of organic acid, advantageously acetic acid, in non-dissociated form, in which at least one yeast strain that is capable of fermenting said pentose is consecutively cultured in the following two media: a first growth medium comprising said pentose as the only carbon source and said organic acid in non-dissociated form; a second growth medium comprising another carbon source as the only carbon source, advantageously glucose, free of said organic acid in non-dissociated form, the consecutive culture in at least said two growth media being repeated at least twice, in the presence of rising concentrations of organic acid in non-dissociated form.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The STC composite is therefore a promising alternative carrier for Vero cell culture and supported an even better cell production in the normal medium without adding fetal bovine serum, as well as a good extracellular virus production.
Abstract: In this study, carbohydrate–chitosan composite including glucose–chitosan, sucrose–chitosan and starch–chitosan with varied carbohydrate concentrations were prepared as carriers for Vero cell culture. Our results show that among these composites, 30 % starch–chitosan composite (STC) were the best carriers for the growth of Vero cells. The initial number of attached cells on the surface of composite carriers did not have any significant effect on subsequent cell production. A higher glucose level in the growth medium during the exponential phase of cell growth, however, played an important factor for cell production. Vero cells on the STC carriers were able to convert starch inside the composite carriers into glucose and further utilized the glucose for their growth. Moreover, by crosslink with serum the STC carriers supported an even better cell production in the normal medium without adding fetal bovine serum, as well as a good extracellular virus production. The STC composite is therefore a promising alternative carrier for Vero cell culture.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Pigeon pea seed agar medium and Czapek Dox Agar medium was found to be most suitable growth medium for mycelial growth and sporulation of Fusarium udum.
Abstract: The conditions suitable for growth of Fusarium udum causing wilt of Pigeon pea were analysed. Pigeon pea seed agar medium and Czapek Dox Agar medium was found to be most suitable growth medium for mycelial growth and sporulation of Fusarium udum. The optimum temperature for growth of Fusarium udum was found to be 28±2°C.

01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: It is concluded that the rate of uptake is inversely proportional to peptide size and is growth rate-limiting, and that free lysine produced by intracellular peptidases is used as quickly as it is formed.
Abstract: SUMMARY The ability of peptides containing lysine to satisfy the lysine requirement of mammalian cells in a medium otherwise free of this indispensable amino acid was investigated. In contrast to bacteria, which are unable to utilize pentalysine and higher homologs, mammalian cells are able to grow in the presence of di- to decalysine. For each oligopeptide, the response was proportional to concentration within a limited range. The duration of the lag and logarithmic growth phases was directly proportional to peptide size, and the growth rate decreased with peptide size. Utilization of decalysine was not accompanied by the accumulation of smaller oligomers in the medium or in the trichloroacetic acid soluble fraction of a cell lysate. However, enzymes capable of hydrolyzing decalysine were clearly demonstrable inside the cells and in the spent culture medium. It is concluded that the rate of uptake is inversely proportional to peptide size and is growth rate-limiting, and that free lysine produced by intracellular peptidases is used as quickly as it is formed. Although the serum proteins used to supplement the growth medium contained more lysine in peptide linkage than is needed by the cells, this lysine is not available to the cells in significant amount.

01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, a chicken intestine autolysis was used to formulate a growth medium for Lactobacillus brevis CHTD27 and the resulting Chicken Intestine Autolysate (CIA) was used as basic medium, while other medium parameters were studied using a Plackett and Burman design.
Abstract: The valorization of chicken intestine to formulate a growth medium for lactic acid bacteria was tested on a strain of Lactobacillus brevis CHTD27. For this purpose, an autolytic degradation of the chicken intestine was carried out. The resulted Chicken Intestine Autolysate (CIA) was used as basic medium, while other medium parameters were studied using a Plackett and Burman design to determine the significant factors affecting the strain growth. Those were further optimized using a central composite design. As a result, CIA containing 19.15 g/L of glucose and 0.25 g/L of ammonium citrate supported good growth of L. brevis with a final optical density value of 6.00 at 600 nm, which is 32% higher than that on the standard medium MRS. Thus, medium containing CIA could constitute a lowcost alternative to MRS medium for the production of L. brevis biomass.