Showing papers on "Growth medium published in 2019"

A comparative analysis of exopolysaccharide and phytohormone secretions by four drought-tolerant rhizobacterial strains and their impact on osmotic-stress mitigation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract: The ability of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for imparting abiotic stress tolerance to plants has been widely explored in recent years; however, the diversity and potential of these microbes have not been maximally exploited. In this study, we characterized four bacterial strains, namely, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PM389, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ZNP1, Bacillus endophyticus J13 and Bacillus tequilensis J12, for potential plant growth promoting (PGP) traits under osmotic-stress, induced by 25% polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the growth medium. Growth curve analysis was performed in LB medium with or without PEG, in order to understand the growth patterns of these bacteria under osmotic-stress. All strains were able to grow and proliferate under osmotic-stress, although their growth rate was slower than that under non-stressed conditions (LB without PEG). Bacterial secretions were analyzed for the presence of exopolysaccharides and phytohormones and it was observed that all four strains released these compounds into the media, both, under stressed and non-stressed conditions. In the Pseudomonas strains, osmotic stress caused a decrease in the levels of auxin (IAA) and cytokinin (tZ), but an increase in the levels of gibberellic acid. The Bacillus strains on the other hand showed a stress-induced increase in the levels of all three phytohormones. P. aeruginosa ZNP1 and B. endophyticus J13 exhibited increased EPS production under osmotic-stress. While osmotic stress caused a decrease in the levels of EPS in P. aeruginosa PM389, B. tequilensis J12 showed no change in EPS quantities released into the media under osmotic stress when compared to non-stressed conditions. Upon inoculating Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings with these strains individually, it was observed that all four strains were able to ameliorate the adverse effects of osmotic-stress (induced by 25% PEG in MS-Agar medium) in the plants, as evidenced by their enhanced fresh weight, dry weight and plant water content, as opposed to osmotic-stressed, non-inoculated plants.

Low-cost cultivation of Sporosarcina pasteurii strain in food-grade yeast extract medium for microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) application

Abstract: Sporosarcina pasteurii is a well-known ureolytic microbial species that proficiently induces the deposition of calcium carbonate through microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) process for various biotechnological and engineering purposes. In view to resolving the concern on high-cost bacterial cultivation due to the conventional use of laboratory-grade growth medium for MICP studies, an inexpensive food-grade yeast medium was investigated in this current study for its feasibility to serve as a suitable alternative media for bacterial growth, urease activity and calcium carbonate precipitation. The effect of different media concentration and initial pH medium on biomass production and urease activity were determined. The performance of this low-cost media was also compared with eight laboratory-grade media (nutrient broth, yeast extract, tryptic soy broth, luria broth, fluid thioglycollate medium, cooked meat medium, lactose broth and marine broth). Results in this current study showed cultivation in low-cost media at 15 g L−1 (w/v) and initial pH 8.5 of the food-grade yeast media both constituted the highest biomass concentration and urease activity when supplemented with urea (4%, w/v). Comparison of the food-grade media with laboratory-grade media indicated that bacterial cultivation cost was significantly reduced to 99.80%. After the biomineralization test, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to confirm the elemental composition of CaCO3 and polymorphs which were identified as calcite and vaterite. These findings suggest the food-grade yeast extract can serve as a potential candidate for bacterial cultivation in MICP application from the perspective of cost reduction.

Recipes and Tools for Culture of Escherichia coli

Abstract: In this article, we provide information about culture media, including minimal liquid media, rich liquid media, solid media, top agar, and stab agar. We also provide descriptions and useful information about tools used with growth media such as inoculating loops, sterile toothpicks, and spreaders. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Optimization of fibrinolytic enzyme production by newly isolated Bacillus subtilis Egy using central composite design

Abstract: In the present study a fibrinolytic enzyme producer was isolated and identified as Bacillus subtilis using 16S rDNA sequencing. Central Composite Design was used for optimization of enzyme production using fodder yeast as a cost effective growth medium. The obtained results revealed that fodder yeast concentration, incubation temperature, aeration level followed by yeast extract concentration and incubation period are significant factors affect the enzyme production yield by the tested organism. Optimum levels of the selected variables were 3.05% fodder yeast, 0.71% yeast extract, initial pH 7,20% aeration level, 3.2% inoculum size (16 × 106CFU), 36.7 °C incubation temperature and 4 days incubation period. At these conditions the predicted enzyme activity was 18.9 U/ml and the practical enzyme activity was 16.6 U/ml which revealed that the model was valid by 87.83%. The results were discussed in the light of possible application as a thrombolytic agent.

Production of biosurfactant by lactic acid bacteria using whey as growth medium

Abstract: The aim of this study was to produce biosurfactants from whey waste using Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus as well as to determine oil spreading, emulsification index, surface tension, and antiadhesive properties in these biosurfactants. Additionally, the capability of biosurfactant production from whey waste in the dairy industry was compared with that of MRS broth, a commercial culture medium. The presence of biosurfactants by all lactic acid bacteria was detected using the oil spreading test. Zone diameter due to the surface activity of lactic acid bacteria strains ranged from 1.87 to 5.92 cm. Biosurfactants from both whey medium and MRS broth reduced surface tension. Differences between data from whey medium and MRS broth were statistically insignificant in terms of the biomass, oil spreading, and surface tension of biosurfactants. Emulsification index values recorded after 1 h, 24 h, and 1 week were significantly different and ranged from 19.50% to 58.00%. The highest emulsification activity was exhibited by L. acidophilus from whey medium in the first hours. A 10 mg/mL concentration of biosurfactants was able to prevent S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli adhesion 37.25%?52.5%, 10.25%?23.25%, and 5.32%?11.50%, respectively. E. coli was more resistant to the biosurfactants than the other pathogens were. On the other hand, biosurfactants from L. rhamnosus had the lowest antiadhesive effects. In general, biosurfactants from whey medium and MRS broth were similar in terms of antiadhesion properties. The present study showed that dairy wastes could be an appropriate medium for cost-effective biosurfactant production by lactic acid bacteria for the benefit of the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.

Isolation, optimization, and purification of extracellular levansucrase from nonpathogenic Klebsiella strain L1 isolated from waste sugarcane bagasse

Abstract: A newly isolated acidophilic bacterial strain from waste sugarcane bagasse was identified as Klebsiella species by biochemical and 16S rRNA sequencing methods. Klebsiella sp. strain L1 was selected for its ability to produce extracellular levansucrase. The optimization of carbon source, nitrogen source, sucrose concentration, NaCl concentration, initial pH and temperature of the growth medium in the flask fermentation medium. In the investigation, sucrose acts as a superior carbon source whereas yeast extract act as the best nitrogen source for Klebsiella sp. strain L1. 10% sucrose concentration and 2% sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration act as an inducer for levansucrase production. Isolate growing and produce optimum levansucrase under acidic condition (pH 5.0) with normal temperature range (40 °C). Synthesis of levan polymer by isolate was detected using thin layer chromatography (TLC) plate method. SDS PAGE result shown that the molecular weight of levansucrase from Klebsiella sp. strain L1 was 43 kDa. Moreover, isolate has a γ-hemolysis reaction on blood agar which indicated their non-pathogenic nature.

TORC1 regulates the transcriptional response to glucose and developmental cycle via the Tap42-Sit4-Rrd1/2 pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract: Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1) is a highly conserved eukaryotic protein complex that couples the presence of growth factors and nutrients in the environment with cellular proliferation. TORC1 is primarily implicated in linking amino acid levels with cellular growth in yeast and mammals. Although glucose deprivation has been shown to cause TORC1 inactivation in yeast, the precise role of TORC1 in glucose signaling and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this paper, we demonstrate that the presence of glucose in the growth medium is both necessary and sufficient for TORC1 activation. TORC1 activity increases upon addition of glucose to yeast cells growing in a non-fermentable carbon source. Conversely, shifting yeast cells from glucose to a non-fermentable carbon source reduces TORC1 activity. Analysis of transcriptomic data revealed that glucose and TORC1 co-regulate about 27% (1668/6004) of yeast genes. We demonstrate that TORC1 orchestrates the expression of glucose-response genes mainly via the Tap42-Sit4-Rrd1/Rrd2 pathway. To confirm TORC1s role in glucose-signaling, we tested its role in spore germination, a glucose-dependent developmental state transition in yeast. TORC1 regulates the glucose-responsive genes during spore germination and inhibition of TORC1 blocks spore germination. We propose that a regulatory loop that involves activation of TORC1 by glucose and regulation of glucose-responsive genes by TORC1, mediates nutritional control of growth and development in yeast

Avoiding amino acid depletion in a complex medium results in improved Escherichia coli BW25113 growth

Abstract: We studied Escherichia coli BW25113 growth in a complex medium with emphasis on amino acid consumption. The aim was to profile amino acid utilization in acid-hydrolysed casein and a defined nutrient-rich medium and based on these measurements modify the medium for better growth performance. Amino acid depletions in both media caused apparent biomass growth stops that prolonged growth duration. Obtained amino acid consumption values enabled a new defined medium to be formulated, where no growth stops were observed, the specific growth rate was constant, and the provided substrates were fully utilized. Similarly, we modified the acid-hydrolysed casein medium by adding pure amino acids that removed the apparent biomass growth stops. Key to our results was the combination of growth medium analysis and process monitoring data, specifically oxygen partial pressure and produced carbon dioxide that were used to track growth changes. Our findings showed the deficiencies of the nutrient-rich medium and how rational medium design, based on consumption values, removed these shortcomings. The resulting balanced medium gives a high specific growth rate and is suitable for studying E. coli physiology at fast growth.

Influence of amino acids and vitamins on the growth of gdhA derivative Pasteurella multocida B:2 for use as an animal vaccine

Abstract: Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 is the causative agent of haemorrhagic septicaemia, a fatal disease in cattle and buffaloes. For use as a vaccine in the treatment of HS disease, an efficient cultivation of attenuated gdhA derivative P. multocida B:2 (mutant) for mass production of viable cells is required. In this study, the role of amino acids and vitamins on the growth of this particular bacterium was investigated. Initially, three basal media (Brain–heart infusion, Terrific broth, and defined medium YDB) were assessed in terms of growth performance of P. multocida B:2. YDB medium was selected and redesigned to take into account the effects of amino acids (glutamic acid, cysteine, glycine, methionine, lysine, tyrosine, and histidine) and vitamins (vitamin B1, nicotinic acid, riboflavin, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, and biotin). High viable cell number was largely affected by the availability of micronutrient components and macronutrients. Histidine was essential for the growth whereby a traceable amount (20 mM) was found to greatly enhance the growth of gdhA derivative P. multocida B:2 mutant (6.6 × 109 cfu/mL) by about 19 times as compared to control culture (3.5 × 108 cfu/mL). In addition, amongst the vitamins added, riboflavin exhibited the highest impact on the viability of gdhA derivative P. multocida B:2 mutant (5.3 × 109 cfu/mL). Though the combined histidine and riboflavin in the culture eventually did not promote the stacking impact on cell growth and cell viability, nonetheless, they were still essential and important in either growth medium or production medium.

Medium optimization based on comparative metabolomic analysis of chicken embryo fibroblast DF-1 cells

Abstract: Chicken embryo fibroblast DF-1 cells are increasingly being used in the production of avian virus vaccines. However, the relatively low proliferative capacity does not meet the requirements of industrial production. In this study, we attempted to improve the proliferative capacity of DF-1 cells. The results of intracellular metabolomics showed that 28 types of metabolites could play roles in DF-1 cell growth based on the variance and timing analysis of intracellular metabolites from DF-1 cells grown in two media with distinct growth difference, DMEM/F12 (1 : 1) and DMEM. By examining the differences in the components in the two media, DOE was used to screen and optimize the growth medium for DF-1 cells. The maximum cell density was 40.72% higher, and the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) titer was 2.68 times higher, in the optimized medium than in the control. This study proposes a complete solution from metabolomics to media optimization.

Cold treatment prompts embryogenic callus and cytodifferentiation in the anthers of tea (Camellia sp.) genotypes

Abstract: The simple and rapid protocol was developed to induce androgenic embryoids from immature anthers of tea genotypes. Anthers from unopened flower buds of ~ 5 to 6 mm size were subjected to two temperature treatments at 4 °C and 25 °C temperatures for 5 days and cultured onto two mediums, half strength MS liquid and 0.8% agar medium. The inoculated cultures were incubated under complete dark (24 h) and photoperiod (9:15 h) conditions. Anthers of nine tea clones (UPASI-1, UPASI-2, UPASI-3, UPASI-8, UPASI-10, UPASI-20, UPASI-28, and certain estate selections, ATK-1 and CR-6017) initially cultured onto half strength Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) liquid medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (9.05 µM 2,4-D) combined with kinetin (2.44 µM Kn) and 6-benzylamino purine (2.22 µM BAP). The pre-treated anthers at 4 °C for 5 days of genotype UPASI-3 induced significantly higher percentage of callus induction when cultured onto half strength MS agar medium under both continuous dark and photoperiod (9:15 h) conditions. Percent of callus production was significantly (P < 0.001) influenced by the genotypes (G) and plant growth regulators (P) while it was not affected by culture conditions (Dark; D/Photoperiod: L). Irrespective of genotypes studied, medium supplemented with BAP is superior to Kn in inducing androgenic potential and promotes the emergence of embryoid structures in a short time span of 45 days and the emergence of morphologically prominent globular mature embryoid callus was identified for 55 days and subsequent cytodifferentiation were achieved only in medium fortified with 2,4-D along with BAP. The results found that cold treatment and culture medium accelerated the development of embryogenic calli. Histological evidences of embryoids revealed that in vitro cytodifferentiation rendering to cellular totipotency developed different meristematic cells and vascular elements. Anthers provided with cold treatment induced callus in the liquid growth medium. The liquid growth medium formulation used here is suitable for inducing androgenic potential and promoted callus formation from anthers in less time span for 10–15 days. Callus maturation and immature embryoid callus was induced for 45 days and morphologically prominent round mature embryoids were appeared by 55 days. And the histological studies reveal the trend of in vivo cytodifferentiation rendering to cellular totipotency while growing in vitro. Our experiment concludes the profuse callus induction and embryoid induction by using liquid growth medium formulation, which is difficult task in anther culture of tea because of its highly recalcitrant nature. Liquid medium hastens the androgenesis process in tea anthers and induced embryoids when cultured onto same solid agar medium.

Transcriptomic differences noted in Glaesserella parasuis between growth in broth and on agar.

Abstract: Glaesserella parasuis is the cause of Glӓsser's disease in pigs and is a significant contributor to post-weaning mortality in the swine industry. Prevention of G. parasuis disease relies primarily on bacterin vaccines, which have shown good homologous protection and variable heterologous protection. Bacterin production involves large scale growth of the bacteria and proteins produced during the proliferation phase of production become important antigens that stimulate the immune response. In order to evaluate genes activated during G. parasuis growth on different media substrates, the transcriptome of broth and agar grown G. parasuis strain 29755 were sequenced and compared. The transcription of most purported virulence genes were comparable between broth and agar grown G. parasuis; however, four virulence-associated genes, including ompA and vapD, had elevated expression under agar growth, while six virulence-associate genes had elevated expression during broth growth, including several protease genes. Additionally, there were metabolic shifts toward increased protein and lipid production and increased cellular division in broth grown G. parasuis. The results contribute to the understanding of how growth substrate alters gene transcription and protein expression, which may impact vaccine efficacy if immunogens important to the protective immune response are not produced under specific in vitro conditions. While the results of this work are unable to fully elucidate which growth medium presents a transcriptome more representative of in vivo samples or best suited for bacterin production, it forms a foundation that can be used for future comparisons and provides a better understanding of the metabolic differences in broth and agar grown bacteria.

Culture medium and culture method to promote growth of Pericallis hybrida

Abstract: The invention discloses a culture medium to promote growth of Pericallis hybrida. The culture medium is composed of a sprouting medium and a seedling growth medium; the sprouting medium is composed ofpearlite, fermented decomposed cow dung and humic acid solution; the seedling growth medium is composed of fermented decomposed cow dung, straws, biochar, activated humic acid, peat soil and vermiculite, wherein the pearlite, fermented decomposed cow dung and humic acid solution in the sprouting medium have a volume ratio of 3:1:0.1; the content of humic acid in the humic acid solution is 6%; thefermented decomposed cow dung, straws, biochar, activated humic acid, peat soil and vermiculite in the seedling growth medium have a volume ratio of 2:(8-10):1:1:4:2. The invention also discloses a culture method to promote growth of Pericallis hybrida. Sprouting, rooting and quick growth of Pericallis hybrida can be promoted herein through a simple seeding method and the low-price seedling growth medium; the cost is low; environmental protection efficiency is high.

Optimization of various physiochemical parameters to enhance production of secondary metabolite from soil actinomycetes against dermatophytes

Abstract: The main objective of the study is to isolates actinomycetes from the Gwalior region and improves the production of secondary metabolite and cell growth of actinomycetes. Total 70 actinomycetes were isolated and screened for maximum secondary metabolites production against the dermatophytes on the bases of agar diffusion method & disc diffusion method. Out of 70 isolate, AP-27 has a good potential to produced secondary metabolite that inhibit the growth of dermatophytes (Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum fulvum, Tricophyton rubrum, and Tricophyton mentagrophytes). The optimization of several growth parameters like- growth medium, Incubation time, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, temperature, pH and minerals for the maximum production of secondary metabolites were checked. The optimum growth of AP-27 occurred with starch casein broth containing 2% starch as carbon source and nitrogen source was potassium nitrate nitrate at 2% at pH 7 and temperature 30?C. Soybean meal was also found to be the best nitrogen source after the potassium nitrate which can help in large scale production because In India 74% of soyabean is produced by Madhya Pradesh. FeSO4 (0.01gm/100ml) was selected as optimum mineral source. It was noticed that 6 days old culture was showing the maximum zone of inhibition and cell growth.

Modification of the Francis Medium for the Conversion of Histoplasma capsulatum to the Yeast-Like Growth Phase.

Abstract: We propose a modification of Francis agar used for identification of the causative agent of histoplasmosis by in vitro conversion of the mycelial culture to the yeast-like growth phase. For improving of the growth characteristics of the medium, we used FT-agar with glucose-vitamin additives developed for culturing of the tularemia causative agent. The modified Francis medium is characterized by significantly higher growth properties and allowed 10-fold increasing the number of CFU of yeast-like cells of both American and African histoplasmosis causative agent.

Cell culturing structure including growth medium and non-growth medium

Abstract: A structure for culturing cells includes growth medium regions on a surface of the structure. Each of the growth medium regions includes a growth medium surface configured to receive and promote growth in a cell that is being cultured. The structure includes a non-growth medium. The non-growth medium includes a non-growth medium surface configured to receive the cell that is being cultured.

An improved growth medium for enhanced inoculum production of the plant growth-promoting fungus Serendipita indica

Abstract: The plant endophytic fungus Serendipita indica colonizes roots of a wide range of plant species and can enhance growth and stress resistance of these plants. Due to its ease of axenic cultivation and its broad host plant range including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and numerous crop plants, it is widely used as a model fungus to study beneficial fungus-root interactions. In addition, it was suggested to be utilized for commercial applications, e.g. to enhance yield in barley and other species. To produce inoculum, S. indica is mostly cultivated in a complex Hill-Kafer medium (CM medium), however, growth in this medium is slow, and yield of chlamydospores, which are often used for plant root inoculation, is relatively low. We tested and optimized a simple vegetable juice-based medium for an enhanced yield of fungal inoculum. The described vegetable juice (VJ) medium is based on commercially available vegetable juice and is easy to prepare. VJ medium was superior to the currently used CM medium with respect to biomass production in liquid medium and hyphal growth on agar plates. Using solid VJ medium supplemented with sucrose (VJS), a high amount of chlamydospores developed already after 8 days of cultivation, producing significantly more spores than on CM medium. Use of VJ medium is not restricted to S. indica, as it also supported growth of two pathogenic fungi often used in plant pathology experiments: the ascomycete Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight disease on wheat and barley, and Verticillium longisporum, the causal agent of verticillium wilt. The described VJ medium is recommended for a streamlined and efficient production of inoculum for the plant endophytic fungus Serendipita indica and might prove superior for the propagation of other fungi for research purposes.

Optimization of NK-92 cell growth using poloxamer

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of culturing NK-92® cells using the growth media containing a non-ionic surfactant such that the cell culture have reduced clumping as compared to control NK-92® cells that have been cultures in a control medium lacking the non-ionic surfactant. The growth medium comprises 0.025 to 0.9% of a non-ionic surfactant, e.g., Poloxamer 188.

Impact of growth medium on siderophore production by Vibrio campbellii: An experimental approach using universal CAS assay

Abstract: The growth medium is the sole source of nourishment for the bacteria cultured under laboratory conditions. This implies that the growth medium could largely influence the quality and quantity of secondary metabolites produced by the bacterium. Secondary metabolites are the weapons used by bacteria for survival in competitive ecosystems. In this regard, Siderophores are among the vital secondary metabolites of marine bacteria which help them in sourcing the minimal iron essential for their growth and virulence from the marine environment. Among the 11 different growth media evaluated for their impact on Siderophore production by the emerging marine pathogen Vibrio campbellii, MM9 native (minimal salt medium) was found to yield the maximum siderophore units (95.35%). The key factors influencing the growth of V. campbellii were found to be glucose and casamino acid. The determinant factors influencing Siderophore production were found to be glucose and iron-depleted composition of MM9 native medium.

Antimicrobial Production Using Endophytic Fungus Sporothrix sp. LBKURCC43 by Carbon and Nitrogen Modification

Abstract: Endophytes are endosymbiont organisms that can produce antimicrobial compounds. Media composition is one of the main components to produce industrial compounds. This study investigated the optimal media composition for antimicrobial production by endophytic fungus Sporothrix sp. LBKURCC43. The media were modified by applying composition combination between corn, potato, and sweet potato as carbon sources, and soybean and beef meat as nitrogen sources; incubation times of the fermentation were 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days. Antibacterial activity against pathogenic microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans) was examined by using the agar diffusion method. A phytochemical test was conducted for determining the highest antibacterial activity. The results showed compounds produced in modified medium MM 03 (potato and soybean) had the highest inhibition zone diameter (8.09 ± 0.62 mm) at 20 days of incubation against E. coli (the ratio between potato and soybean for the medium was 3.60: 0.24). While MM 05 (corn, potato, and soybean at a ratio of 1.8: 1.8: 0.24) indicated the highest inhibition zone against S. aureus (6.03 ± 0.82 mm) at day 20. None of the compound in the modified medium was active against C. albicans. In conclusion, there were varies abilities of endophytic fungus in producing antimicrobial compounds based on their growth medium composition. The highest activity against E. Coli was obtained in the medium consisted of potato and soybean. The phytochemical test indicated the modified medium (MM 05) contained a compound that was categorized as saponin.

Arabidopsis thaliana Metabolites Secreted by Roots during Plant Growth in Phosphorus-Limiting Conditions

Abstract: Phosphorus is one of the most important nutrients required for plant growth and development. While substantial amounts of total phosphorus are present in many soil types, plants are unable to utilize some organic phosphorus sources. The main goal of this study was to characterize the spectrum of secreted plant proteins, organic acids and other metabolites that can potentially contribute to utilization of various phosphorus compounds. Our data indicate that the composition of extracellular proteins secreted by plant roots varies depending on the specific source of P in the growth medium. Furthermore, some root-secreted metabolites, such as citrate, appear to be specific to a subset of ecotypes, while tartrate, succinate and oxalate are secreted by a number of A. thaliana ecotypes. We observed secretion of phenolic compounds, such as tannins, and deoxycytidine derivatives. Taken together, while no single secreted polypeptide, organic acid or secondary metabolite can be pinpointed as specific to plant growth in particular phosphorus conditions, our data indicate that A. thaliana ecotypes differ in their physiological responses to the source of phosphorus in the growth medium. Overall, these results suggest that physiological changes in plant responses to nutrient limitation are modulated by interactions between soil phosphorus source and the specific genotype of Arabidopsis plants.

High-frequency somatic embryo regeneration growth medium without germplasm genotype restriction and application thereof

Abstract: Disclosed by the present invention is a somatic embryo induction growth medium, comprising a modified MS growth medium, 2-4mg/L2, 4-D, 0.2mg/L NAA, 0.1mg/L6-BA, 40g/L saccharose, and 0.7% agar, having a pH value of 5.8-6.0. Also disclosed by the present invention are an embryoid proliferation growth synthetic growth medium and a high-frequency somatic embryo regeneration growth medium without a germplasm genotype restriction. Also disclosed by the present invention are the somatic embryo induction growth medium and an application of the synthetic growth medium. In the present invention, there is excellent coordination of such factors as: selection of a suitable explant, and prompt adjustment of the explant, the growth medium formula, the hormone component concentration, and the corresponding growth conditions on the basis of key developmental stages. This effectively overcomes the problem of different species (breeds) and genotype restrictions and the problem of high-frequency somatic embryo regeneration when culturing Zoysia japonica, significantly increasing the frequency of somatic embryogenesis and the frequency of plant regeneration.